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Services Receivers' Delegation of Authority to Personal Assistant During Care Activities : Focusing on Personal Assistants' Skills
No full textP(論文)This study examined the delegation of authority during care activities from the standpoints of care receivers and personal assistants to determine which skills are necessary for the latter. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 disabled service receivers of caring assistance services at an independent life development and support center and their personal assistants. The care receivers were shown to delegate their authority to the personal assistant during care activities. Regarding such activities, a total of 43 comments (care receivers: 15; personal assistants: 28) were made, and were classified into the following 4 categories of action: delegation of full authority, proposals, provision of information, and decisions on details. Based on both groups' answers, the frequency of each action appeared to change dependent on time. Further, the care receivers and personal assistants made 10 and 18 comments, respectively, regarding skills necessary for the latter, such as empathy and listening, suggesting a close association between these and counseling skills.departmental bulletin pape
Case of improvement in question-answer skill in a child with pervasive developmental disorder
No full textP(論文)In this study, a child with pervasive developmental disorder was given special training aimed at enabling the child to develop a `question-answer' relationship. The result was the formation of a question-answer relationship in oral form at the word and phrase level. Re-evaluation confirmed the child's improvement in test performance. The main factor in change in this case was likely the use of `pattern learning' for interrogatives, given that strength in pattern learning is a characteristic of children with pervasive developmental disorder. As a result, answers at the word and phrase level were established, as were answers at the sentence level with the aid of visual information. These results suggest that pattern learning of interrogatives was generalized beyond the training to situations, such as test tasks. The formation of communication functions and ability to interact with others by expanding the topics of conversation are important in raising the quality of communication for children with delayed speech development. Therefore, it is recommended that the training described in this study be continued, and its validity confirmed through further application and testing.departmental bulletin pape
Cooperation between teachers and speech-language-hearing therapists : in special needs education : a Case of developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia
No full textP(論文)This study investigated both the process and factors enabling successful establishment of a support system for a child with developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia undergoing rehabilitation as part of the "Hello" academic outpatient consultation system. The child had difficulties with study-related reading and writing due to developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia. Furthermore, his motivation fluctuated when tackling reading and writing tasks, and he complained of fatigue. To restore and maintain his motivation to study, cooperation was sought from his elementary school homeroom teacher. E-mail-based information exchanges took place between the speech-language pathologist and homeroom teacher for 9 months. Through close contact and information sharing, a consistent approach toward the child and his parents was achieved. The child advanced in school grade and was transferred to a special needs class. Exchange with the special needs homeroom teacher is ongoing. The following two factors enabled the establishment of a suitable support system: direct information sharing with the homeroom teacher and clarification of division of roles and the teacher's understanding of special needs education. These findings indicate that a sufficient understanding of school education is required for speech language-hearing therapists to obtain cooperation in special needs education.departmental bulletin pape
Large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ currents of Merkel cells dissociated from rat glabrous skin
No full textP(論文)This study investigated the Ca2+-activated K+ currents (KCa) of Merkel cells, which were freshly dissociated from rat glabrous skin, using whole-cell and excised patch configurations of the patch clamp technique. With the whole-cell voltage clamp, the application of slow (50 mV/s) voltage ramps from -100 to +100 mV produced an N-shaped current-voltage (I-V) relationship. Maximum current activation occurred at +38.0 ± 10.6 mV (N = 14). Replacement of extracellular Ca2+ by Mg2+ and the addition of 2 mM EGTA abolished the N-shaped I-V relationship, and 1 mM TEA reduced it to < 40%. Using inside-out patches with symmetrical 150 mM KCl solutions, channels were observed with a slope conductance of 280 pS and a reversal potential of 0 mV. Reducing the [K+]o to 5 mM shifted the reversal potential, which was expected for a K+ selective channel. The channel open-state probability (Po) was increased by increasing cytosolic [Ca2+]i. Po also increased with depolarization. These data indicate the presence of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in Merkel cells.departmental bulletin pape
Preparation of functional breads containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) produced by fermented rice germ
No full textP(論文)In this study, in order to promote intake of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) routinely and continuously, we prepared several functional breads containing different percentages (0%, 1%, 2% or 3%) of GABA, designated as Taimatsu GABA (T-GABA), produced by fermented rice germ, which has been shown to have various physiological actions. The dough containing T-GABA (1%) showed greater expansion as compared with that containing T-GABA (0%, 2% or 3%). The quantity of wet-type gluten decreased in a T-GABA percentage-dependent manner. The stickiness of wet-type gluten containing T-GABA (1%, 2% or 3%) was decreased as compared with that of the control bread (T-GABA; 0%). Although the weight of the bread containing GABA (1%, 2% or 3%) was not altered as compared with that of the control bread (T-GABA; 0%) after baking, the height of the bread containing T-GABA (3%) was the lowest. In the sensory evaluation, referees judged the bread containing T-GABA (1%) as showing a slightly better level of taste, feeling of softness, crust, crumb and fragrance as compared with that of the control bread (T-GABA; 0%). Together, these findings indicate that breads containing T-GABA are of functionally high quality and value, and we propose to introduce these breads into some long-term care health facilities.departmental bulletin pape
Establishment of Synthesis Method of Molecular Probe Containing Carbohydrate Ligand and Photoreactive Group for Elucidation of Carbohydrate : Lectin Interactions by Glycosyl Trichloroacetoimidate Strategy
No full textP(論文)光アフィニティーラベル法は、糖鎖- レクチンの相互関係を明らかにする最も効果的な手法である。従来法では、プローブ合成時に還元末端糖が開環してしまっていたが、我々は、完全な糖鎖構造 (D- ラクトース) からなるリガンドとフェニルジアジリン基を有する分子プローブを開発した。次の問題点として、糖鎖は複雑な構造を有していることから、本分子プローブの合成法の確立が重要であると考えた。我々は、オルソゴナルグリコシル化法により糖鎖部分の合成を目指したが、反応時に糖受容体と糖供与体の脱離基が置換されてしまい、目的化合物が得られなかった。そこでトリクロロアセトイミデート法を用い、糖鎖合成に着手したところ、D- ガラクトース-D- グルコサミンから成る二糖誘導体が得られ分子プローブ(1、2、3) へと導かれた。Photoaffinity labeling technology is the most efficient method for elucidation of carbohydrate - lectin interactions. However, when carbohydrate probes are synthesized according to conventional this method, the reducing terminus of the sugar is opened to provide an acyclic structure. We were undertaken to solve this problem, and developed new molecular probe containing complete oligosaccharide structure (D-lactose) and phenyldiazirine group for elucidation of carbohydrate - lectin interactions. Next problem, establishment of synthesis method of molecular probe is important subject because carbohydrates are composed of various complex structures. We tried synthesis of oligosaccharides using orthogonal glycosylation strategy. But when glycosyl donor and glycosyl acceptor were coupled by promoter, leaveing group of glycosyl donor (-F group) was substituted to leaving group of glycosyl acceptor (-SPh group). We synthesized Galp-GlcpNAc disaccharide derivatives using glycosyl trichloroacetimidate strategy, and then were obtained 3 types of molecular probes containing ligand and photoreactive group (1, 2, 3).departmental bulletin pape
Preliminary considerations of animal rescue in disaster relief : Based on previous studies and quantitative analysis of newspaper articles
No full textP(論文)This study focused on the social issues surrounding the rescue of companion animals during disaster relief efforts. It (1) reviewed previous reports on this topic and applicable laws and (2) performed a quantitative analysis of newspaper articles related to animal rescue in times of disaster from 1985 to 2011. The review was based on three perspectives: self-help, mutual assistance and public assistance. -Based on this review, future responses to animal rescue during disaster were considered.departmental bulletin pape
Relationship between Students' levels of learning motivation in each grade and their learning activities
No full textP(論文)The study's purpose was to investigate the relationship between the levels of student motivation for learning in each grade and the students' learning activities. Participants were 335 university students, who completed two surveys regarding their willingness to learn and their learning activities at the university. Results of factor analysis of the data from both surveys revealed five underlying factors. Among these five factors, there was a strong relationship between the students' attitude toward `independent learning' and their attitude toward `solution-oriented challenges'. Implications of these findings are discussed.departmental bulletin pape