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Antiradical activities of oral enteral nutrients and the effects of free radical scavenging ability in healthy volunteers and cancer patients
No full textP(論文)Immunonutrition is thought to reduce the incidence of complications in surgical patients and is useful in preoperative nutritional management. However, choosing the appropriate immunonutrient for a patient can be difficult because of the many enteral nutrients available. This study searched an index for appropriate preoperative nutrient choices and selected four (ANOM®, IMPACT®, MEIN®, RACOL®-NF) for comparison of their effects. The antiradical activity of each nutrient was measured in 10 healthy volunteers per group, and the effects of each nutrient on changes of free radicals in the blood were observed. Additionally, the effects of MEIN® on changes of free radicals and biochemical examination of blood in digestive system cancer patients were observed. Free radical scavenging ability was specific to each nutrient, and the obtained values showed antioxidant properties. The ascorbic acidcontent of each enteral nutrient could affect antiradical activity. Free radicals in the blood decreased after administration of the nutrients in healthy volunteers, and the free radical scavenging effects were maintained for 120 minutes with ANOM® or IMPACT® administration. In cancer patients, 7-day administration of MEIN® decreased free radicals in the blood. In conclusion, the antiradical activities and properties of free radicals in the blood are useful indices when choosing an appropriate nutrient.departmental bulletin pape
The Nature of Welfare in Xunzi
No full textP(論文)This study examines the welfare concepts of old China, focusing on the welfare ideas in Xunzi, where it is advocated that individuals should support their families and that society should provide financial aid to the poor. Both concepts remain true today. These ideas are specifically characterized by Xunzi's claim that `li' results in a welfare society. Xunzi posits that li enables social norms to be established and people to live stable lives. In fact, policymakers are supposed to conduct the affairs of the state based on li, and public officials are strictly required to learn li. The main characteristic of Xunzi's welfare concept is asserting that a welfare society should be based on li.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of shading parts of the face on emotion recognition : A preliminary study
No full textP(論文)The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of shading parts of the face on emotion recognition. The participants were 54 undergraduate students whose ages ranged from 19 to 22 years. Stimulus materials were photographs of six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, and happiness), and copies of photographs in which upper or lower parts of these six basic emotions were shaded. The participants' task was to write down the emotion perceived for each photograph. The rates of correct responses for photographs of happiness, anger and surprise were > 90%. The rates of correct responses for photographs with upper or lower parts of these six basic emotions shaded were as follows: (1) >90% for happiness; (both upper and lower); (2) surprise at 70% (upper) and 87% (lower); (3) anger at 46% (upper) and 39% (lower); (4) sadness at 43% (upper) and 6% (lower); (5) disgust at 9% (upper) and 26% (lower); (6) fear at 0% (upper) and 2% (lower). These results suggest the following findings : (1) Happiness and surprise can be recognized appropriately in the upper or lower parts of the face; (2) Both the upper and lower parts of the face are needed to appropriately recognize anger; and (3) Sadness, disgust, and fear can not be recognized appropriately in the upper parts and/or lower parts of the face; (4) In future studies, it will be necessary to adopt methods of choice for emotion recognition.departmental bulletin pape
Chemical Synthesis of Sialyl Glycosides for Elucidation of Biological Phenomena
No full textP(論文)糖質に分類されるシアル酸は、様々な生体機能を有していることが知られている。従って、シアル酸を含む糖鎖を化学合成することは、生命現象の解明に寄与するものと考えられる。しかし、シアル酸を糖供与体とする糖鎖合成は困難とされており、近年多くの研究者らによって、新たな処方が開発されてきている。我々は、シアル酸が持つ生体機能の興味を持ち、これを有する糖鎖誘導体 (5) の合成を試みた。The sialic acids are now defined as a family of carbohydrates, have very important biological functions. Thus, it considers that oligosaccharides containing them employ elucidation of biological phenomena. However, for synthesis of them glycosylations using donor of sialic acid derivative have been very hard to achieve both high yields and stereoselectivity of them. But recently, Synthesis methods of oligosaccharides containing sialic acids were developed by many researchers. Highly regioand α-stereoselective sialyl glycoside syntheses have been achieved by using, as glycosyl donors, the 2-thioglycoside of Neu5Ac. We were interested in biological functions of oligosaccharide containing sialic acid, and tried to synthesize sialyl lewis X and synthesized trisaccharide derivative which was precursor of sialyl lewis X, α-L-Neu5Ac(2 → 3)β-D-Gal(1 → 4)β-D-GlcNAc-MP.departmental bulletin pape
Evaluation of a training program for the preparation of simulated OTC drug package inserts for Rx-to-OTC switch candidates by pharmacy school students
No full textP(論文)A training program was conducted at our pharmacy school concerning the necessity of over-thecounter (OTC) drug sales and counselling tasks undertaken by community pharmacists. In this study, we evaluated the changes in their awareness of pharmacy studies regarding self-medication and the professional practice of community pharmacists, as well as their satisfaction with the training. The training program involved the preparation of simulated OTC package inserts for potential prescription (Rx)-to-OTC switch candidates and a presentation about the details of these inserts. A questionnaire was distributed to 67 students who participated in the program in 2011, and responses from completed questionnaires were analysed (n = 61). Before training, 75.4% and 65.5% of the respondents selected `agree' or `slightly agree' respectively, as their responses to the statements `increase in Rx-to-OTC switch is useful for self-medication' and `increase in Rx-to-OTC switch widens pharmacists' appeal'. After training, the response rates were 96.7% and 85.2%, respectively. Furthermore, 98.3% of the respondents indicated that they were satisfied with the training. These findings suggest that the training program was useful for increasing students' awareness about the importance of OTC sales, patient counselling and the professional practice of community pharmacists under the current sales system for OTC medicines.departmental bulletin pape
Analysis of the operations of an outpatient consultation system(Second report): Roles of speech-language-hearing therapists based on cooperation with educational institutions
No full textP(論文)We initiated cooperation with educational institutions using an outpatient consultation system in our department in April 2012. We analysed the use of this consultation system between April 2011 and September 2013. We investigated the cooperation methods used with educational institutions and discussed the roles of speech-language-hearing therapists (STs). These results revealed that consultation system activity of for school-aged children had increased year by year during fiscal years 2011 (N = 15), 2012 (N = 16) and 2013 (N = 24). A total of 24 school-age children were receiving continuous support under this consultation system, and cooperation with educational institutions was being implemented for 13 of these children (54.2%). Cooperation methods included information sharing in writing or by telephone and tours by teachers to the guidance settings of STs. In addition, as a meaningful practical method, STs may visit schools in some cases. To enable smooth cooperation, it is necessary for educational institutions to recognize STs as a "familiar" presence. In this respect, it was also considered as effective for STs to visit schools and to propose specific guidance plans that enable appropriate speech activities in educational settings.departmental bulletin pape
Treatment programs at hospitals specializing in alcoholism therapy : Focus on support that aims to improve alcoholics' resilience
No full textP(論文)In this study we investigated treatment programs at hospitals specializing alcoholism therapy and verified the relationships between these programs and improvements in alcoholics' resilience. First, using previous studies on alcoholism and resilience, we investigated the considerations of recovery from alcoholism on the basis of the concept of resilience. The actual conditions of hospitals specializing in alcoholism therapy were then investigated to determine the effects of these programs on alcoholics' resilience. These results revealed that the main treatment programs of these hospitals had the following objectives: (1) knowledge of one's true self; (2) increased understanding of alcoholism and the development of coping skills; (3) establishment of interpersonal relationships; and (4) contemplationabout way of life in the future (continuing recovery). These four objectives overlapped with the components of resilience, which indicated the ability of alcoholics to overcome their illness and return to a healthy status. These findings indicate that the treatment programs at hospitals specializing in alcoholism therapy provide support that promotes these patients' resilience.departmental bulletin pape
