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Effect of Terminal Heat Stress on Performance of Five Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Genotypes Grown Under Semi-arid Conditions of Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Seif Eldin M. GasimThe objective of this study was to investigate the performance of five faba
bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes under end-of-season heat stress in the
Demonstration Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat-Sudan. Two
sowing dates were used; namely, optimum sowing date (15 November)
and late sowing date (15 December) to induce heat stress at the end of
season. A split plot design with three replicates was used to lay out the
experiment. Terminal heat stress (late sowing) reduced the number of
pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 100-seed weight by 26%, whereas
the reduction in seed yield/plant and seed yield/ha was 46%. Under
terminal heat stress, the genotype Hudeiba/93 gave the highest yield
(2090.0 kg/ha) and the genotype Shabah gave the lowest yield (1198.8
kg/ha). The yield/ ha of these two genotypes under the optimum sowing
was 3090.0 kg and 2987.2 kg, respectively. Under the optimum sowing
date, the genotype Basabier gave the highest yield/ha (4053.5 kg/ha), and
the genotype Ed-Damar gave the lowest yield (2768.7 kg/ha). The
genotype x sowing date interaction showed significant differences for
yield/ha. It is concluded that, although the genotypes showed great
variability for the effect of end – of – season heat, any delay in faba bean
sowing date will significantly reduce yield, irrespective of the genotype
used
Enzymatic Study on the Microbial Degradation of Homocholine
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at I.A. Mohamed Ahmed1, M.M. Eltayeb, J. Arima2 and N. Nori2This research was conducted to investigate the enzymatic activities in the
degradation pathway of homocholine by bacterial strains isolated from the
soil. Screening of the homocholine oxidation activity in the isolated
strains, by replica staining method and spectrophotometric assay, showed
that NAD+ - dependent dehydrogenase enzymes were predominant in all
isolates. Furthermore, dried cell reaction of Pseudomonas sp. strain A9
cells with homocholine in the presence and absence of NAD+
demonstrated that the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of
homocholine were alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases that require
NAD+ as electron acceptor. Moreover, in the cell free extract of
Pseudomonas sp. strain A9 an inducible NAD+ - dependent homocholine
dehydrogenase was detected. The crude preparation of this enzyme has
broad substrate specificity. Although various buffering conditions and
stabilizing reagent were applied to stabilize the enzyme activity, the
enzyme was unstable in vitro and lost its activity soon after and during the
purification processes. Furthermore, an inducible NAD+ - dependent 3-
hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase activity was also detected in the cell
free extract of Pseudomonas sp. strain A9. This result indicated the
presence of 3-hydroxypropionate as an intermediate metabolite in the
degradation pathway of homocholine by this strain. Thus, in
Pseudomonas sp. strain A9, homocholine is oxidized to
trimethylaminopropionaldehyde by a NAD+ - dependent homocholine
dehydrogenase and consequently, trimethylaminopropionaldehyde
oxidized to β-alanine betaine by a NAD+ - dependent aldehyde
dehydrogenase. Thereafter, cleavage of β-alanine betaine C-N bond
yielded trimethylamine and 3-hydroxypropionate (C-3 moiety).
Thereafter, 3-hydroxypropionate was further oxidized to malonate semialdehyde
by a NAD+ - dependent 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase
Assessment of Critical Control Point in Dairy Farms in Khartoum State, Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the University of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] attempt was made to apply Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points
(HACCP) system in dairy farms in Khartoum State and to suggest control
limits based on the international standard. World Health Organization and
Food and Agriculture Organization recommended the HACCP system as
a modern tool for disease prevention. Critical points were investigated in
150 farms using California Mastitis Test and Rose Bengal Plate Test for
detection of bovine mastitis and brucellosis, respectively. The results
revealed that the overall prevalence rates of bovine mastitis and
brucellosis were 69.3% and 36%, respectively. Other critical points were
obtained from the owners of the dairy farms by a questionnaire, using
non-probability sampling method or willingness of the owners for
interview. Tick infestation was found in 94% of the farms which could be
a risk factor and the application of the odds ratio (OR) was 1.694. The use
of antibiotics for treatment of animals was, also, practiced in 54.7% of the
farms. The critical points associated with environment in dairy farms and
distribution of milk in Khartoum State was investigated, using a
questionnaire survey and non probability sampling method. The condition
of beddings was poor in 70% of the dairy farms. Absence of cleaning and
disinfection of the teats were recorded in 108 and 104 farms, respectively.
Furthermore, distribution of the milk depended on either vehicle without
chilling (50.7%) or donkey carts (49.3%). Quantification of the risk
indicated that hand washing of the milkers could be a risk factor (OR =
2.574), while the condition of the housing as well as the distribution of the
milk could be a protective factor (OR=0.383 and 0.278, respectively). In
conclusion, many critical points associated with animals or environment
were observed in dairy farms in Khartoum State. Diseases of animals
included infectious and zoonotic disease, flies and tick infestation, use of
antibiotics for treatment and absence of veterinary care. The critical points
associated with environment were poor hygiene during handling, storage
and distribution of the milk. Moreover, the control limits for all
mentioned critical points were as follow: Access to veterinary service,
vectors control, improvement of general hygiene in the dairy farms during
different practices taking in consideration the low temperature during
storage and distribution of the milk
Assessment of Land Cover in the Blue Nile State, Sudan, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] study aimed to assess land cover in the Blue Nile State using remote
sensing and GIS techniques. The main objectives of the study were to
assess the Land Cover Classification System and the object-oriented
methods in estimating the land cover changes and in assessing the
encroachment of rainfed agriculture on the forest lands and grazing areas,
during the period 1984-2010. The results showed that there was an
increase in the agriculture area at the expense of the forest lands and
grazing areas, with 51% of the forest area under crop production in 2010.
Based on the research findings, a land use model was proposed to support
planning and to be used as a basis for updating the national land use and
investment maps of the study area
Effect of Uterine Bacterial Infection during Postpartum on Reproductive Efficiency in Cross-bred Dairy Cows
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] study was designed to determine the intensity of bacterial load in the
uteri of postpartum (PP) dairy cows, and the effects of this uterine
bacterial infection on some of their reproductive traits. Six reproductive
traits were evaluated: uterine involution (UI), appearance of the first
dominant follicle (DF), recrudescence of the first oestrus (FO), length of
the days open (DO), calving interval (CI) and the rate of service per
conception. Uterine endometrial swabs were collected on day 5 PP from
130 dairy cows and cultured within 2 hours of collection onto blood agar
and MacConkey agar media. The uteri of 120 cows (93%) were infected.
From the total infected cows, 40 were used to evaluate the effect of
bacterial uterine infection on their reproductive performance. Twenty
cows were severely infected and the remaining 20 were mildly infected.
The results showed that dairy cows suffering severe uterine bacterial
infection had a significantly (P≤0.001) extended uterine involution period,
long time for the appearance of the first DF and FO, length of DO and CI
compared with the dairy cows that suffered mild uterine bacterial
infection. Moreover, the dairy cows which suffered severe uterine
bacterial infection had a significantly (P≤0.001) increased rate of service
per conception compared with the cows with mild uterine bacterial infection. It is concluded that the reduced reproductive efficiency of
cross-bred dairy cows in the Sudan is likely to be due to early PP uterine
bacterial infection
Rooting Patterns and the Effect of Sesbania species on Soil Moisture Content
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] study was conducted at ICRAF field station in Machakos, Kenya. It
was designed to examine the effect of three Sesbania species on soil
moisture content and to test their rooting patterns. For each of the
Sesbania species, free growth (roots and shade present), guy-wiring
(shade removed) and root barrier (roots removed) treatments were used.
The Sesbania species, with these treatments, were intercropped with
maize. Sole maize was used as control. The treatments were arranged in a
randomized complete block design with ten treatments and three
replications. In each plot, a single row of Sesbania was planted at 0.5
within-row spacing. Six maize rows were planted at 0.3m within-row
spacing and 0.75 m between-row spacing. Soil moisture content was
monitored in Sesbania sesban and sole maize treatments. The root length
density was studied in guy-wiring treatments of S. sesban and S.
macrantha. The number of roots in the profile wall was studied in the free
growth treatment of the three species. The results indicated that soil
moisture content was lower in rows near trees compared with those far
from trees. The study of the root system indicated that Sesbania sesban
has higher root length density than S. macrantha. It is concluded that
roots of the studied species can compete with agricultural crops for
moisture and nutrients
مصادر المعلومات الرقمية بالمكتبات المدرسية بولاية الخرطوم دراسة مسيحية
No full textمصادر المعلومات الرقمية بالمكتبات المدرسية بولاية الخرطوم دراسة مسيحي
Secure Covert Channel By Using Gigh _ Payload Video Stegangraphy
No full textSecure Covert Channel By Using Gigh _ Payload Video Stegangraph
