8393 research outputs found
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Monitoring and Forecasting of Sorghum Yield in the Mechanized Rainfed Agriculture Sector in the Sudan
No full textA study was undertaken to test the validity of an FAO method for monitoring and
forecasting sorghum yield in three main sorghum production areas of the mechanized
rain-fed sub-sector; namely, Al-Gadarif, Al-Damazin and Kosti. The periods of crop
development were determined from the plots of mean normal (30 years) rainfall (Pn) and
potential evapotranspiration (PET) versus 10-days interval (dekad) during the growing
season. Annual water satisfaction (SI) indices were estimated for 10 years from annual
water balance for the study period (1987- 1996). This index indicates the extent to which
the water requirement of the crop was satisfied in cumulative way. Highly significant
cubic relationships between Pn or PET and seasonal dekads were obtained. The growing
season of Al-Gadarif was semi-normal and that of Al-Damazin was typically normal,
whereas that of Kosti was characterized by the absence of a wet period. An example for
the calculation of SI for sorghum grown in 1987 in each of the three study areas was
presented and analyzed. The correlations between sorghum yield and seasonal rainfall
was highly significant (r2 =0.747) and linear in Al-Damazin area and significant (r2=
0.514) and cubic in Al-Gadarif area. The relationship was not significant in Kosti area.
The correlation between yield and SI were significant and cubic for Al-Gadarif
(r2=0.537) and Al-Damazin (r2= 0.439) but not for Kosti. The pooled data gave a
significant correlation (r2=0.127) between yield and SI index. However, the coefficient of
determination was very low
Effect of Transition Period and Supplementation of Vitamins and Selenium on Physiological Responses of Crossbred Dairy Cows
No full textThe dairy industry in Sudan is based on native breeds, crossbreeds and pure
exogenous imported cattle. Development of effective management strategies to alleviate
the adverse effects of physiological status and impacts of thermal and nutritional stresses
requires basic and applied research work. In dairy cows, the periparturient period presents
major physiological challenges as it is affected by metabolic stressors and changes in
endocrine status and immune function which result in increased risk of diseases. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes which occur during the
periparturient period in crossbred dairy cows. It was, also, intended to provide
information regarding the potentials of supplementation with vitamins and selenium
during the transition period. Twenty-four clinically healthy cows were assigned to 3
groups of 8 cows each, a control group and two treated groups, which received
parenterally vitamin E and selenium (Vit. E + Se) or multivitamins: A, D and E (MY).
The cows were monitored for 8 weeks before and 4 weeks after calving. The postpartum
decrease in body weight of cows was more pronounced in the control group. The calf
birth weight was significantly higher in the supplemented groups. PCV and Hb
concentration decreased during the periparturient period; cows supplemented with Vit E+
Se had higher PCV values during the transition period. The total leukocyte count (TLC),
neutrophil and eosinophil ratios increased, whereas lymphocyte ratio decreased at
parturition and postpartum period. Supplementation with vitamins and Se decreased TLC,
neutrophil and eosinophil ratios and increased lymphocyte ratio. Plasma total protein,
albumin and urea levels decreased at parturition, the decrease was more pronounced in
the control group. The triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased at parturition and
postpartum period with no effect of supplementation. Plasma Na increased at parturition
and decreased postpartum in all experimental groups. Plasma P decreased at parturition
and increased postpartum. Plasma Mg decreased at parturition and postpartum in all
experimental groups. The activity of transferase enzymes (AST and ALT) increased at
parturition with no effect of supplementation. Plasma insulin decreased at parturition in
all experimental groups. The information generated could be used in monitoring the
nutritional status and health of dairy cows. Antioxidants, including vitamins and Se,
could be used to confer protection and enhance immunity of cows, particularly during the
transition period, characterized by metabolic stress and immunosuppression
Software Defined Radio Rf Receiver
No full textThe objective of this project is to design A Computer Software Defined VHF Radio Receiver in the range of frequencies (85 MHz to 150 MHz) with minimum hardware and high flexibility for the University of Khartoum educational ground station, also the product aimed to be available for upgrading and modification by the students, graduates and researchers.Recently the concept of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) appeared and offered massive reduction on the hardware design architecture of the conventional radio receivers and turning it into a software segments. Giving high flexibility, compatibly, performance and configurability. It can be also easily upgraded with new features and services. Leading to further developments on its basic functions without changing the hardware core. The purpose of this project is to design A Computer Software Defined VHF Radio Receiver for the University of Khartoum Educational Ground Station in the range of frequencies of (85 MHz to 150 MHz). The signal will be received by the receiver and then the demodulation processes will be applied on it by a computer software as well as other functions such as filtering and amplification instead of hardware circuit stages specialized to do these functionalities. The scope of this project will focus on the hardware design and implementation of the receiver. The final testing of the system will be conducted using an open software program installed on the computer. The project is software designed, computer simulated and hardware implemented as Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The results of the designed system were satisfactory and close enough to the expected theoretical assumption and objectives of the project. Leading to a promising future advancements and developments
ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION LOSSES IN SUDAN
No full textthis project is Understanding the types of power losses and use the appropriate methodologies to calculate the losses in the systems b- Use an appropriate software to calculate technical losses in system c- Use techniques to calculate the nontechnical losses and fight it d- Investigate the nontechnical losses in SudanThe electricity theft is a crime in our society because it increases the costs and decreases the safety of the network. the main problem it is not increment of losses it also leads to dangerous situations and causes house fire and death. its hard or impossible to use a collected data to detect or determine the nontechnical losses. in some areas that does not record the loads from the shared meters it cannot determine any losses ( technical or non technical) because it does not give a good identification of losses. A case study for technical losses was applied on the IEEE 9-buses using (ETAP) software which used Newon-Raphson method to solve load flow equations. The nontechnical losses information's in Sudan was investigated by using the statistics that collected from the data that given from the distribution company engineers. Also the mechanism that used to reduce the technical and non technical losses was implemented and discussed briefly. The objective of the project was done and the results that implemented from the technical losses case was satisfaction
Web based Control of Electrical Power Supply
No full textThis project is going to develop a microcontroller-based system that controls automatically electric equipments. This system imposes the implementation of electronic circuit that performs automatic turning on/off each equipment connected to the system. Also User can configure time limits for each electrical device according to his own desire. The circuit was designed to be reprogrammed remotely over IP networks (e.g. University of Khartoum Network).In today's competitive environment, governments and public service authors face an increasing need to reduce operating costs without sacrificing productivity and comfort levels. As electricity is the major concern issue, therefore reducing electrical energy consumption and cost is an important step in meeting that goal. Building a developed technology in the means of automation and control allow the governments/public service authors to achieve their goals. This project is going to develop a microcontroller-based system that controls automatically electric equipments. This system imposes the implementation of electronic circuit that performs automatic turning on/off each equipment connected to the system. Also User can configure time limits for each electrical device according to his own desire. The circuit was designed to be reprogrammed remotely over IP networks (e.g. University of Khartoum Network). A practical design methodology was used to accomplish the overall project. This method employed essential phases over the project, and based on modular design concept, which is an approach that provides design flexibility. The System was developed under Linux environment aided with additional windows based programs. And PHP programming language was used, in addition all the data was saved in a MySQL database. By the end of this project, web based control of electrical power supply has been successfully designed and implemented with a maintained minimum cost. The design provides friendly and interactive graphical interface that can be easily accessed with least complexity for authorized users and administrator who have username and password. It should be noted that the system was designed for domestic environments, i.e. non industrial. BMS (Building Management Systems) are closely related to this project, However, establishing such systems imposes much maintenance cost, which is the main difference, since the project is seeking for minimum cost
File Sharing Service for Universities Based On Cloud Computing
No full textin this project is learn general skills such as project management, teamwork skills and learning to work under stress, and secondly, to learn new technologies and programming languages, exactly, how to use ASP.NET & C# in cloud computing field. And specifically, to create a service (software) for students and teachers in the same academic institution (universities) so that they can share files among themselves with total security and simplicity, and back them safely in the cloud at the same time.Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. The cloud model of computing promotes availability. Any web-based application or service offered via cloud computing is called a cloud service. Cloud services can include anything from calendar and contact applications to word processing and presentations. Software as a Service (SaaS) is the model in which an application is hosted as a service to customers who access it via the Internet. When the software is hosted off-site, the customer doesn’t have to maintain it or support it. A service (software) for students and teachers in the same academic institution (universities) so that they can share files among themselves with total security and simplicity, and back them safely in the cloud at the same time is designed and implemented using ASP.NET and C# in this projec
REHABILITATION OF HIGH VOLTAGE LAB
No full textthis project is Rehabilitation of both transformer and impulse generator and make them in proper form to
be use and to implement an kind of test
To give fine and detailed description and documentation of each equipment in both
generators the can be use for understand the devices, maintenance them and also develop
them.Generally high voltage labs are very important for both educational and commercial
applications. They can be used for illustration of the concepts of high voltage
generation and measurement and they are also used for testing insulators used in
transformer , lines and other high voltage components. University of Khartoum has a
well equipped HV lab that consists of a HV transformer and an impulse generator and
is considered one of the biggest labs in Africa.
The main problem of this lab is that it has been neglected and misused for many years
which lead to malfunction of much of the equipment, loss of many components and
loss of many connections and wirings. The major problem is lack of documentation
which was a big obstacle against operation and rehabilitation. So the work has to be
started from scratch.
The scope of the project is to prepare documentation for the lab and to restore the lab
to its useable condition and render it user-convenient.
The scope of the project has been accomplished. Elements and components available
in the university have been used for rehabilitation. Both HV transformer and impulse
generator functioned properly. Documentation of all equipment in the lab were
prepared. They explain the equipment functions, purpose and the connections
between them.
This documentation can be used for understanding, maintenance and development of
the lab
DESIGN OF A PV DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEM
No full textIn this project a 4MW PV system was designed. The number of modules, the number of inverters, and the efficient techniques of connecting them together was stated. Also the area of the designed PV system was calculated, and a suitable location for the system was chosen.The photovoltaic diesel hybrid systems are systems that combine photovoltaic system and diesel generators to generate electricity. The hybrid systems considered the optimal way of generating electricity in the remote area far away from the national electricity grid, and when the cost of the fuel increase significantly. For off-grid areas that use diesel generators to generate electricity, a PV system can be integrated with diesel generators to generate clean energy and save the cost of the fuel. In this project a 4MW PV system was designed. The number of modules, the number of inverters, and the efficient techniques of connecting them together was stated. Also the area of the designed PV system was calculated, and a suitable location for the system was chosen. The designed PV system is to be combined with the diesel power plant located in El-Fashir. The feasibility of the stand-alone diesel system and of the hybrid system were calculated and compared. The hybrid system found to be more economical than the old stand-alone diesel system, i.e. it can save more money and decrease the emissions of CO2
