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Comparison Between Two Baggara Cattle Subtypes in Meat Quality Attributes
No full textThis study was conducted to assess the differences in meat quality between two Baggara
beef subtypes (Nyalawi and Mesairi). Thirty bulls (15 from each subtype), 4 years old,
commercially finished for 3 months were used. Slaughter and carcasses weights were
determined and meat samples were cut from Longissimus thoraces muscles between the
11th and the 12th ribs. Chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss,
objective colour, myofibrillar fragmentation index and sensory evaluation were
determined. The results showed that, the hot dressing percentage of the Nyalawi
(51.70%) was significantly higher than the Mesairi (46.76%). The Nyalawi gave
significantly low muscle moisture (73.97%) and cooking loss (33.91%) and significantly
higher fat (1.86%), water holding capacity ratio (2.39) and myofibril fragmentation index
(24.21) than the Mesairi subtype. There were no significant differences in colour values
L*, a* and b* between the two subtypes. Sensory rating scores revealed a significant
increase in tenderness (3.06) and overall acceptability (2.91) and a non significant
increase in colour, juiciness and flavour in Nyalawi meat compared with the Mesairi
meat. The study concluded that the Baggara breed subtypes Nyalawi and Mesairi are
significantly different in the meat quality attributes. Studies of the inheritance of fat and
meat tenderness traits are needed to improve the meat quality of these subtypes
Gauging Seedlings Growth of Certain Arid Lands Tree Species
No full textThis study was carried out to assess the performance of certain tree species of arid
lands at the nursery stage. An experiment was conducted in Khartoum Forest Reserve on
the eastern bank of the White Nile abutting the Mugran confluence. Six arid land tree
species; namely, Acacia ehrenbergiana, A. nubica, A. seyal, A. tortilis, Salvadora persica
and Ziziphus spina-christi, were chosen for this study. Seeds collected from Gedaref
State, Red Sea State and Khartoum State were pre-treated for rapid germination, and the
appropriate tests were done at Soba Tree Seed Centre. In the nursery, standard operations
were used: Soil mixture of river silt and sand at 1:1 ratio by volume was packed into 10 x
20 cm polythene bags punctured at the lower ⅔ part. The filled bags were arranged in
seedling beds and flood irrigated in such a way that the soil got wetted by imbibition.
This allowed smooth wetting of the soil mix, and the seeds sown at the top got moisture
without disturbance. Irrigation frequency was every other day in the beginning and
reduced to twice and once weekly. The experimental design was completely randomized
block with three replications. The results of the nursery tests revealed differences in
seedlings growth between the tree species: A. tortilis and Z. spina-christi showed the
highest survival percentage, and the highest shoot length was shown by A. tortilis and A.
ehrenbergiana. The longest roots were found in A. tortilis and A. ehrenbergiana. This is
important in arid lands since the long seedling roots tap water from deep soil layers. On
the basis of height, root length and survival percentage, A. tortilis, A. seyal, and A.
ehrenbergiana are most suitable for arid lands conditions. The other species A. nubica, Z.
Spina-christi and S. persica come next. Therefore, it is recommended that in species
selection to adopt the following preference: A. tortilis > A. ehrenbergiana > A. seyal. A.
nubica, being unpalatable for animals and unsuitable for fuel wood. They may be used in
stabilizing sand dunes and controlling sand movement
A Survey on Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases of Cattle with Particular Reference to East Coast Fever in Fangak County, Jongeli State, South Sudan
No full textThis study was carried out in Fangak County at four localities: Hai Toggar, Bichol
kun village and Hai Moaazkerfoqu in Phoumpayam locality as suspected areas for East
Coast fever (ECF) (Group A) and Kuerkan in Manjangpayams non suspected area for ECF
(Group B). These groups A and B were based on animal movement, trade business and
intermarriages (animals paid for dowry). The study aimed to identify the tick species
prevalent in the area and the impact of ethnoveterinary practice on ticks responsible for
transmission of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) with emphasis on ECF. A total of 391 ticks, 150
sera and 150 blood smears were collected from cattle of different age groups. A total of 120
serum samples were tested using indirect Polymorphic Immunodominant Molecule (PIM)
ELISA to detect Theileria parva antibodies. The results indicated that 5/44 (11.4%) samples
from non suspected area (group B) and 48/76 (63.2%) samples from suspected area (Group
A) revealed antibodies. The overall positivity was 53/120 (44.17%) which was highly
significant (P≤0.001) but there was a insignificant correlation with sex, age and coat colour
of the animals. Three tick genera and seven species were recorded. The genera were
Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. The species were A. variegatum, A. lepidum,
H. rufipes, R. (B.) decoloratus, R. (B.) annulatus, R. e. evertsi and R. sanguineus. The most
abundant tick species were A. variegatum, R. (B.) decoloratus, H. rufipes and R. (B.)
annulatus constituting 64.7%, 12.8%, 6.7% and 5.6%, respectively. The lowest ticks
recorded were R. e. evertsi with a prevalence rate of 1.3%, A. lepidum 4.3% and R.
sanguineus 4.6%. These results were not significant (P> 0.05) for locations, sex, age groups
and animal coat colour. The male and female ticks represented 65.5% and 34.5%,
respectively. No blood pathogens for TBDs were detected, while four (0.03%) animals were
positive for trypanosomes. The outcome of questionnaires showed poor knowledge on ECF
and its vector in the area. It is concluded that there is no R. appendiculatus in Fangak area;
while T. parva antibodies were detected. The prevalence of other TBD vectors needs to be
elucidated by further work in this area
Captive Red-necked Ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) Intensive Starter/Grower Chick Rearing
No full textThis study was conducted to evaluate, for the first time in Sudan, captive ostrich
(Struthio camelus camelus) chick rearing. The parent red-necked flock (5 males and 7
females, 2-3 years old, at the second season of production) was stocked from the wild
(Dindir National Park). Accommodation was in one breeding pen and feeding was on
14% crude protein and 09.23 MJ ME/kg. Thirty-eight hatched red-neck ostrich chicks,
harvested in batches from a ratite incubator/ hatcher, were used in this rearing trial.
Hatching chicks, after spending 3-4 days in the brooder, were considered starters for
eight weeks before becoming growers for other eight weeks. Starters and growers were
fed 23% and 16% crude protein and 14.75 and 10.11 MJ ME/kg, respectively. Each chick
was weighed initially on the first day of the starter ration feeding and, thereafter, weekly
until the end of the grower rearing period. Feed intake (kg/flock) was recorded on a daily
basis by weight difference. The overall average performance values of starter ostrich
chicks for 8 weeks (initial -8 weeks) were 4267g, 156.21 g and 01.21, for body weight,
average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively. The average daily dry matter
intake was 148.51 g. The overall average performance values of grower ostrich chicks for
8 weeks (8-16 weeks) were 13443g, 200 g and 2.44, for body weight, average daily gain
and the feed conversion ratio, respectively. The average daily dry matter intake was 455
g. The starter and grower periods were characterized by high growth rates and high feed
conversion ratios. Starter ostrich chick mortalities, due to omphalitis and heat stress, were
10% of the flock. Mortalities during chick grower period were due to strangulation,
impaction, injury and leg deformities. Total mortalities were 37% of the flock. Chick
performance was fair compared to red-necked and African black starter/grower chicks
Factors Affecting Fuel Consumption in Household Cooking in El-Salam Locality, South Kordofan State, Sudan
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting fuel consumption in
household cooking in El-Salam Locality as a contribution to solving problems of energy
and forest resource management. The specific objectives were to a) study the
socioeconomic factors related to type of fuel and fuel acquisition and use, b) study factors
related to composition and level of consumption of household fuels and c) develop
econometric models to estimate household fuel consumption. Data collected, using a
structural questionnaire, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and
regression analysis. Sample size was 382 respondents selected using multistage random
sampling, where 23 villages (25% out of 93) were first randomly selected. Secondly, for
each village the sample size was determined in proportion to total population, and
respondents were selected randomly. The main results showed that the type of fuel used
was related to the location of the administration units, type of house construction material
and education level of head of household. Regression results showed that the level of
firewood consumption was related positively to availability of alternative fuels and
household size and negatively to education level of the head of household and price of
firewood. Consumption level of charcoal was related positively to household size and
price of alternative fuel and negatively to the price of charcoal and household income.
Liquefied petroleum gas consumption was related positively to education level of the first
wife, income and degree of urbanization and negatively to type of house construction
material. It is concluded that socioeconomic factors should be taken in consideration if
sound energy planning is to be purs
Role of Rural Women in Natural Resources Management in South Kordofan State
No full textThe issue of gender mainstreaming has become a major concern over the past
years in Sudan, where the country is weak in strategies, policies and legal frameworks
that support the women's rights. Despite that, woman plays a key role in rural areas that
depend on non-wood forest products (NWFPs) through responsibilities in decision
making, meetings, extension, motivation and outlook within the milieu of natural
resources. The objective of this study was to examine the role of women in rural areas in
forest management. Data were collected, using semi-structured interviews of household
heads, in twenty-two villages. The sample size was three hundred households, distributed
among the administrative units of Rashad Locality, South Kordofan State, according to
the principle of population proportional to size. Data were summarized using descriptive
statistics and cross tabulation. The results are presented in form of percentages,
frequencies, tables and pie charts. They revealed a highly significant influence of
women's on forest harvesting and processing. More than 58 % of the women were
involved in both activities compared with 29% and 12.5% of men in te two activities,
respectively. Meanwhile, the majority of them are subsistence poor farmers who suffer
scarcity of food supplies and health care. Therefore, they count on NWFPs which provide
them with critical subsistence in addition to job opportunity, especially during the dry
season when other alternatives are not available. The study recommended more emphasis
be laid on the potential role of NWFPs and on the ability of women to participate in
public forum and contribute to both rural development and objectives of biodiversity
conservation
قبول استقالة وتخريج الطالبة ايمان عبدالله البشاري بالدرجة العامة كلية الصحة
No full textقبول استقالة وتخريج الطالبة ايمان عبدالله البشاري بالدرجة العامة كلية الصح
الفلسفة التربوية السودانية المستقبلية المنشودة وغاياتها في ضوء المتغيرات العالمية الجديدة
No full textتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استعراض ومناقشة المتغيرات العالمية المعاصرة: السياسية، الاقتصادية، المعرفية، المعلوماتية (التقنية) والثقافية وانعكاساتها على التربية بشكل عام، وعلى فلسفة التربية السودانية بصفة خاصة.
يتمثل السؤال الرئيس العام في هذه الدراسة في:
ما الفلسفة التربوية السودانية المستقبلية المنشودة وغاياتها في ضوء المتغيرات العالمية الجديدة؟
تهدف الدراسة إلى الإجابة عن الأسئلة الفرعية الآتية:
1. ما أهم المتغيرات العالمية الجديدة؟
2. ما وجه العلاقة بين الفلسفة والتربية؟
3. ما أهم معالم الفلسفة التربوية السودانية المنشودة؟
4. ما موقف الفلسفة التربوية السودانية المنشودة من المتغيرات العالمية الجديدة؟
وصولاً إلى الإجابات المناسبة عن تلك التساؤلات، استخدم في هذه الدراسة المنهج الفلسفي التحليلي الاستنباطي لغرض رصد وتحليل أهم المتغيرات العالمية المعاصرة وما ينتج عنها من تأثيرات على نظام التعليم في السودان بصفة عامة، وعلى الفلسفة التربوية وغاياتها في السودان بصفة خاصة.
لكي تحقق الدراسة أهدافها، قسمت إلى أربعة أقسام: القسم الأول يستعرض أهم المتغيرات العالمية المعاصرة. القسم الثاني يعنى بتحليل مفهوم "فلسفة التربية" ومعناها، أهميتها وعلاقتها بالفلسفة العامة.
يشخص القسم الثالث واقع الفلسفة التربوية السودانية الراهن مع محاولة إبراز ذلك الواقع وتعقيداته. في القسم الرابع، تبذل المحاولة لإبراز موقف الفلسفة التربوية السودانية من المتغيرات العالمية الجديدة من ناحية، ومن الناحية الأخرى استعراض أهم الخصائص والوظائف التي ينبغي أن تكون لها في ضوء واقع الفلسفة الاجتماعية السوداني
Community involvement in language documentation the case of the Tima language in Sudan
No full text12 Community involvement in language documentation the case of the Tima language in Suda