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Response of New Zealand Rabbits to Drinking Water Treated with Alum and PolyDADMAC
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at Amna B. Medani1, Hanan M. N. Gabril, Samia M.A. El BedwiPolyDADMAC (Polydiallyl-Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride) and Alum
(Aluminium Sulphate) were the chemical agents used for potable water
flocculation in Khartoum State. The response of New Zealand rabbits to
drinking water treated with alum and polyDADMAC in terms of serum
changes in electrolytes was studied. Six New Zealand rabbits of balanced
sexes were purchased, clinically adapted for two weeks and divided into 2
groups, control (group 1) and test ( group 2). The test group was orally
given a dose of 1% polyDADMAC and 1% alum in a blend ratio of 1:2,
respectively, for an experimental period of 10 weeks. Test chemicals
blend was similar to the dose applied by Khartoum Water Plant, during
flood season, for human consumption. Sera were analyzed for electrolytes
prior to the experiment and, thereafter, at weekly intervals. Serum
calcium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium levels showed remarkable (P≤
0.01 - 0.001) decreases compared to the control, the fact which can be
attributed to the hepatic damage induced by test chemicals. Sodium and
potassium levels were not determined. The test group had significantly
(P≤ 0.01) low iron that can be attributed to the direct effect of alum.
Intestinal wall with spotted white colour (probably due to alum causing
focal enteritis), was greatly affected with the irritant alum and/or its
metabolites. When the ion-exchanged resin was used to remove poisons
from water, it precipitated by alum. It is more apt to gripe; the salt
intensifies the action of resin and hence produces the hydragogue effect.
This action was very clear in the congested mesenteric blood vessels and
was symptomatically manifested by diarrhoea and salivation due to
nausea. Alum and polyDADMAC which are currently used in potable
water treatment in Khartoum State, proved toxic to New Zealand rabbits
in terms of changes in electrolytes coupled with enteropathies
Assessment of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in the Blue Nile Region, Sudan (1996-2005), Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] use/land cover (LU/LC) changes, particularly deforestation and land
degradation, are one of the challenges that face the forest sector in Sudan
and create the need for well-designed information systems and
management plans. To cope with this issue, the efficiency of successive
forest inventories was tested in the Blue Nile region, in particular Karkoj
map sheet. Part of the data was obtained from a field survey conducted
within the framework of an AFRICOVER project in 1996. In order to
estimate the changes, a field mission was executed in 2005 to revisit the
same plots determined previously. Earth Observation (EO) data in form of
LANDSAT scenes were used to assess the estimated results achieved,
based on the terrestrial forest inventories. For precise estimate, the EO
data were taken in periods which coincide with the field survey data
acquisition dates and season. At the LU/LC information level, the results
obtained from the two applied methods were highly correlated.
Meanwhile, the results taken from the two successive inventories (1996
and 2005) gave detailed information about the vegetation cover (e.g.
species composition, regeneration, age, etc.). In the map sheet under
investigation, the results showed that forest land was drastically decreased
from 47.1% to 17.7% during the studied time period. Moreover, the study
indicated that some of valuable tree species disappeared (12 tree species
were recorded in 1996 compared with only 5 in 2005), and the number of
stems per unit area also decreased from 116 to 105 per hectare. The
conversion of forest into agricultural fields and grassland was a main
force of deforestation. In conclusion, remote sensing and GIS are efficient
tools to estimate the large-scale LU/LC and its dynamics in timely and
cost-effective manner
Captive Red-necked Ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) Intensive Starter/Grower Chick Rearing
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other E.A.E. Elobeid, M. T. Salih, Aisha E. FakiThis study was conducted to evaluate, for the first time in Sudan, captive
ostrich (Struthio camelus camelus) chick rearing. The parent red-necked
(Struthio camelus camelus) flock (5 males and 7 females, 2-3 years old, at
the second season of production) was stocked from the wild (Dindir
National Park). Accommodation was in one breeding pen and feeding
plane was 14% crude protein and 09.23 MJ ME/ kg. Thirty-eight hatched
red-neck ostrich chicks, harvested in batches from a ratite incubator/
hatcher, were used in this rearing trial. Hatching chicks, after spending 3-
4 days in the brooder, were considered starters for eight weeks before
becoming growers for other eight weeks. Starters and growers were fed
23% and 16% crude protein and 14.75 and 10.11 MJ ME/kg, respectively.
Each chick was weighed initially on the first day of the starter ration
feeding and, thereafter, weekly until the end of the grower rearing period.
Feed intake (kg/flock) was recorded on a daily basis by weight difference.
The overall average performance values of starter ostrich chicks for 8
weeks (initial -8 weeks) were 4267g, 156.21 g and 01.21, for body
weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively. The
average daily dry matter intake was 148.51 g. The overall average
performance values of grower ostrich chicks for 8 weeks (8-16 weeks)
were 13443g, 200 g and 2.44, for body weight, average daily gain and the
feed conversion ratio, respectively. The average daily dry matter intake
was 455 g. The starter and grower periods were characterized by high
growth rates and high feed conversion ratios. Starter ostrich chick
mortalities, due to omphalitis and heat stress, were 10% of the flock.
Mortalities during chick grower period were due to strangulation,
impaction, injury and leg deformities. Total mortalities were 37% of the
flock. Chick performance was fair compared to red-necked and African
black starter/grower chick
Effects of Irrigation with Disposed Produced Petroleum Water on the Soil and Plants at Khartoum Refinery, Sudan
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] study aimed to assess the effect of irrigation interval with disposed
produced petroleum water (DPPW) on the soil and vegetation cover at
Khartoum Refinery Company (KRC). Thirty-six soil samples (at depths
of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm) were taken from tree plantation blocks. The
treatments were P0 (none irrigated, as a control) and P1 and P2 were
irrigated for four and eight years, respectively, and were analyzed for pH,
cation exchange capacity (CEC), total soluble Na+, Ca++, Mg++ and Cl-.
Twenty-one samples of tree leaves were collected from P0, P1 and P2 and
analyzed for Na, Ca and Mg. The results showed that at the soil surface
(0-30 cm) no differences within and between blocks in pH that was about
7.0 where the CEC of P0 and P2 have lower content compared to P1.
Application of the DPPW increased the soluble Na+ of P1 and P2
compared to P0 (2.2, 0.46 and 0.04 Meq/L respectively), and the same
trend was shown by soluble Ca++ (74.5, 18 and 2.5), and Mg++ (3.0, 2.5
and1.0). Cl- content increased as irrigation interval increased (4.5, 104.5
and 30.0 Meq/L for P0, P1 and P2, respectively). Systematic decrease of
all soil chemical content with depths was shown for P0, P1 and P2. For
the plant, there was an increase in Na as irrigation interval increased
(50.67, 516.67 and 723.33 for Po, P1 and P2 respectively), whereas Ca
and Mg increased in P1 compared to P2 and P0. The risk of accumulation
of soluble salts is expected to occur with time, therefore, specific
treatments to decrease the salts content of DPPW are crucial
DESIGN DIESEL-PHOTOVOLTAIC HYBRID POWER PLANT
No full textobjective of this project are: To study and design a 4MW solar photovoltaic system in AL-FASHIR city to operate with the original diesel power plant in a hybrid form. Study and develop a feasibility study for the new designed photovoltaic power plant. Illustrate some future recommendations to help in improving system performance.Diesel generators are often used to secure the basic energy supply in countries where the public grids do not provide a reliable source of energy. Despite comparatively low investment costs for purchasing the machines, the operating costs for maintenance and fuel are rather high. The current development of the crude oil price on the global market, in particular, is leading to a drastic rise in costs. In addition, there is the logistical problem of transporting the diesel fuel, which has a strong influence on the overall costs, particularly if it has to be transported to remote areas. A photovoltaic hybrid system can be included as an additional source of energy to reduce the fuel consumption of diesel generators and hence their high operating costs. The favourable price trend of photovoltaic systems provides for a short amortization period. The actual challenge lies in technically conceiving and implementing the diesel/PV hybrid system without the use of energy storage systems, which are costly, and whose temperature sensitivity and limited life span are a limiting factor for the entire system. Also an economic evaluation takes place in the process of determining the best operation scenario
VOICE CONTROL USING CIC-500 DSP DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
No full textThis project is introduced to build a simple speech recognition system using CIC -500 (DSP) that controls several appliances (i.e. turning on/off) by processing the spoken word . The control action is performed using microcontrollerSpeech is the most important way of communication for people. Using the speech as interface for processes became more important with the improvements of artificial intelligent. Speech processing in general is considered a field that represents a revolution in a Digital Signal Processing (DSP). The main goal of speech recognition is to develop techniques and systems for speech input to machine This project is introduced to build a simple speech recognition system using CIC -500 (DSP) that controls several appliances (i.e. turning on/off) by processing the spoken word . The control action is performed using microcontroller The spoken word is received and compared with the saved words then a sine wave signal with a specific frequency is generated according to the spoken word, this signal is used in the control action The speech recognition in this project is mainly performed with a technique called FFT algorith
Wireless Networks Security Issues
No full textThe objective of this project is to provide agencies with guidance for establishing secure
wireless networks. Agencies are encouraged to tailor the recommended guidelines and
solutions to meet their specific security or business requirements.
increase the efficiency of the wireless networks, and it is to provide the level of security,
which equals the level of security in the wired networks or better.Wireless networks is very importance than wired networks in our live, they are very efficiency but have more attacks than wired networks, which have physical perimeter, for this reason we discuss in this project the security of wireless networks, which present in Authentication, Encryption, Availability, and Integrity. Encryption is important to protection of data, so we improve and evaluate the performance of the one type of algorithm of encryption in this project, and then wireless networks became have more security than wire network
VOICE CONTROL USING CIC-500 DSP DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM
No full textThe main idea of this project is to build a simple speech recognition system using Digital Signal Processor (DSP) that controls home appliances by processing the spoken word. The method used is simple. The system accepts the spoken words as inputs, compares them and accordingly generates different analog signals at its output. These analog signals are further processed so microcontroller operates the appropriate appliancesThe main idea of this project is to build a simple speech recognition system using Digital Signal Processor (DSP) that controls home appliances by processing the spoken word. The method used is simple. The system accepts the spoken words as inputs, compares them and accordingly generates different analog signals at its output. These analog signals are further processed so microcontroller operates the appropriate appliances. The outcome of this project is a system that is able to control other devices according to a voice command input. The project has a good impact on DSP systems implementation and design concepts, the implemented functions worked well, however further research and development in many directions may be added to what have been done. The results indicate with no doubt that the system was implemented successfully and that the output matched the expected results with a very good accuracy. The performance of the system can be improved even more if we can guarantee a noiseless environment
MIRROR ROBOT TO IMITATE HUMAN MOTION
No full textThis project has been developed to control a robotic arm using human motion hence it can be used in medical application where it’s difficult to instruct the computer to do specific action.Today robots are involved in all life aspects; they have been used to replace humans in the situations that are dangerous or difficult for them, in addition robots do not care about the surrounding environment unlike humans. The use of robots in industry increases the production and quality of the intended product with high accuracy. Since these robots do not have brains humans must control them, one traditional way is to use computers to instruct these robots. Another way is to be able to control them using human motion, by some kind of sensors to capture this motion. This project has been developed to control a robotic arm using human motion hence it can be used in medical application where it’s difficult to instruct the computer to do specific action. The project aims has been met successfully and the robotic arm moved according to the human arm controlling it
