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Assessment of Some Aspects of Climate Change Impacts and Approaches for Mitigation in Kassala State
No full textThe objective of the study was to indicate the impacts of climate change in
Kassala area during the last three decades. The study was conducted in Aroma and south
Kassala areas. For change detection, two images were taken for each site for 1984 and
2008. The change detection assessment was based on special statistics generated from
supervised classification of spatial and temporal data of each image using, ETM 1984 and
ETM 2008. The dynamic changes that occurred in each site were translated into four land
uses. The result indicated that there was declining forest cover in each of the two sites but
more pronounced in south Kassala than Aroma area. A trend of increasing agricultural
lands and scattered trees and shrubs is clearly shown against decreasing forest land from
north to south. The study indicated that dynamic land use changes and their net annual
changes are affected by the intensity of agriculture. In Aroma, the annual net change in
forest cover during 1984-2008 was -0.179% associated with annual net change of
agriculture of -0.175% while bare land increased having a net change of +0.458. In south
Kassala, the annual net change in forest cover was -0.279% associated with annual net
change of agriculture of +0.5%. The results are in agreement with the perception of the
local people that forest cover is declining and that the major causes are agriculture
expansion, fuel wood collection, grazing and natural factors. The mitigation approach
necessitates policy reforms towards integrated land use management with collaboration
of rural people
Effect of Petroleum Produced Water on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Tree Species in Heglig, South Kordofan, Sudan
No full textThis study investigated the effect of irrigation with petroleum produced water
(PPW), at phases of bioremediation in Heglig, on seed germination, seedling growth and
survival of two indigenous species (Acacia seyal and Balanites aegyptiaca) and two
exotics (Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Jatropha curcas). The treatments were PPW from
lagoons (untreated), reed (Phragmites australis) beds and after reed beds (treated water),
and from a well in Heglig (control). The water treatments were analyzed for dissolved oil,
total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, temperature and pH. Seeds from the four
species were planted in polythene bags filled with clay soil and placed in Heglig nursery.
Water treatments were assigned randomly to each species. Seed germination was
monitored daily for three weeks. Seedling survival and shoot length were monitored for
four months. Three sequential destructive harvests for seedlings were carried out to
measure and calculate biomass parameters. The results showed significant differences
among treatments in dissolved oil and total dissolved solids. However, seed germination
percentage and rate, and seedling survival for each species were not affected by the
treatments. A. seyal showed significant differences in some seedling growth parameters
in harvests two and three, whereas the control treatment showed higher values than the
other treatments. Balanites aegyptiaca showed significantly higher values for the control
treatment in root parameters in harvests one, two and three; and higher values for root
weight in harvest three. E. camaldulensis seedling growth parameters showed significant
differences among the water treatments in few growth parameters in harvest two, where
the control treatment showed higher values than the other treatments. J. curcas seedlings
were not affected by the water treatments in the three harvests. The study concluded that
seed germination and seedling survival (100%) of the tested species were not affected by
PPW. However, some seedling growth parameters were affected, where the control gave
bigger seedlings than the other PPW treatments from the phases of bioremediation. The
indigenous species were more affected than the exotics and the effect was more
pronounced with time
رفع نتيجة الطالب آدم بوش آدم عبدالمولي دكتوارة الفلسفة في الزراعة كلية الدراسات العليا
No full textرفع نتيجة الطالب آدم بوش آدم عبدالمولي دكتوارة الفلسفة في الزراعة كلية الدراسات العلي
احصائية بنتائج الامتحانات التي عرضت علي مجلس الدراسات الانسانية والتربويية في اجتماع رقم 73-2014
No full textاحصائية بنتائج الامتحانات التي عرضت علي مجلس الدراسات الانسانية والتربويية في اجتماع رقم 73-201
الاستمارة الالكترونية لتسليم نتائج الامتحانات الملاحق والبدائل 2012-2013 المستوي الخامس كلية التربية
No full textالاستمارة الالكترونية لتسليم نتائج الامتحانات الملاحق والبدائل 2012-2013 المستوي الخامس كلية التربي
Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics
No full textEncyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistic
Fulfulde English Dictionary
No full textFULFULDE ENGLISH DICTIONARYThis dictionary is no doubt the outcome of F. W. de St.
Croix's many thousands of hours work on a language he
earned and studied while working for the Fulbe whom he
rved for twenty-two years and died serving their language
'Fulfulde). This is because on retiring from colonial service,
tl1eauthor fully engaged on polishing a Fulfulde dictionary
towards its publication. At first he contacted the Oxford
University Ptess, London, to publish his treasure. He was
owever referred to school of Oriental and African Studies
SOAS) of the University of London, who in turn advised de
St. Croix to further improve on the work by contacting
linguists. The advice shattered the aging retired veterinary
officer
Comparison of Phenotypic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Clinical Escherichia coli Collected From Two Unrelated Geographical Areas
No full textEscherichia coli
is a clinically significant bacter
ium because they are the most
common species recovered in the
clinical laboratories and has been incriminated in human
infectious diseases (Koneman
et al. 2006). During the
last few decades,
E. coli
have evolved toward antimicrobial resistance (N
ys et al., 2004; Peralta et al., 2007)Background:
Antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic
Escherichia coli
is an increasing problem especially in
developing countries.
Aims:
To compare between resistance patterns of
E. coli
collected from two unre
lated geographical areas.
Methods:
A descriptive comparative study was conducted between May 2010 and August 2011.
E. coli
(n= 402)
collected from hospitals in Khartoum
state, Sudan and in Aseer region, Saud
i Arabia were studied. Identification
and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates we
re performed following standard methods. Multi-drug
resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to
≥
three antimicrobials.
Results:
Of the 402
E. coli
isolates studied, MDR patterns were significantly higher among isolates from Sudan
than Saudi Arabia [92.2% (214/232) vs. 70.6% (120/170)] (p = 0.000). The resistance rates of
E. coli
isolates
were recorded as follows (Sudan and
Saudi Arabia): High to moderate resistance to amoxicillin (97.7% and
94.2%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.3% and 82
.5%), tetracycline (77.1% and 74.2%), amoxicillin-
clavulanic acid (51.4% and 70%), ceftriaxone (64%
and 52.4%) and ciprofloxacin (58.4% and 40%). Low
resistance was to ceftazidime (35% and 20%), gentamicin (35% and 17.5%) and nitrofurantoin (22.4% and
11.7%). Resistance to amikacin was un
common (1.9% and 5%). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in resistance
rates of isolates between both countries in term to patient's gender and age. The most frequent MDR phenotypes
among isolates were to 7(15.9%) in Khartoum
state and to 3(20.8%) in Aseer region.
Conclusions:
Variation and emerging of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic
E. coli
isolates was observed
in both regions. Continuous monitoring of resistance prof
iles, locally and international surveillance programs are
require