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Microminerals level in Grasses, Some Organs and Serum of Camel in Butana Region, Sudan
No full textThis study was performed to assess some microminerals
concentrations of mixed grasses from Butana area also to determine the level
of some microminerals in blood serum and camels tissues in Tambol town.
Samples of mixed grasses were collected from natural pasture;
Samples of serum were obtained from camels where samples of liver, spleen
and kidney were collected from the same camels. The samples were
analyzed for trace minerals by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
The result showed that the microminerals levels were variable in
mixed grasses. The iron level of mixed grasses was 770.7+299.7mg/kg,
copper level was 8.62+1.2mg/kg and zinc level was 19.73+1.7mg/kg.
Accordingly, the mixed grasses were contained considerable amount of iron.
This study showed the serum iron level was 169.3+209.9 μg/dl, copper level
was 60.74+20.6 μg/dl and zinc level was 24.5+15.8 μg/dl. The iron level of
liver, spleen, kidney was 115.7+98.5 mg/kg, 219.61+62.44 mg/kg,
287.7+47.6 mg/kg respectively, where copper level was 64.835+46.80
mg/kg, 4.69+4.03 mg/kg, 14.44+2.93 mg/kg respectively and zinc level was
19.91+5.5 mg/kg, 2637+2.57 mg/kg, 22.26+1.1 mg/kg respectively.
The results reveal that camel tissues from Butana areas were exhibited
adequate concentrations of iron. However, kidney contained highest level of
iron. While copper was stored in small amount in spleen compared to other
organs. This was consequence of copper status in grasses pasture.
Generally, the often levels of some micro minerals of the camel
tissues in present study were within the recommended safety levels for
camel health and human use, as well as within the appropriate limits in
natural grass
The Effect Of Dietary Zinc Acetate Supplementation On Broiler Chicks Performanc
No full textA seven weeks feeding trial was conducted to assess the
effect of dietary zinc acetate supplementation on performance of
the broiler chicken and retention of P, Ca, Cu and Zn in the
tibia bone.
A number of hundred day-old commercial broiler chicks
(Hubbard) were randomly allocated to twenty experimental
pens, of one square meter area each, and located in an open deep
litter experimental house. Four experimental diets were
formulated from the common local feed ingredients used in
poultry feeding in the Sudan, and used in the trial. One diet
served as a control diet, without addition of zinc acetate, a
second diet was supplemented with 25mg/Kg zinc acetate, a
third diet with 50mg/Kg zinc acetate, and a fourth diet was
supplemented with 75mg/Kg zinc acetate. The experimental
diets were randomized to the experimental pens at the rate of
five replicates per treatment, in a completely randomized design
arrangement. The birds fed the zinc acetate supplemented diets
had a significantly increased feed consumption (P <0.05). This
effect improved body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and
dressing percentage of the experimental birds. There are no
significant effects of the dietary treatments on tibia ash and
mineral content. ( P, Zn, Ca and Cu.
lnteractions between Na transport and the transport of SCFA, cr and HC03- in sheep omasum
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at osama elmotamedLarge amount of HC03- and SCFA are leaving the reticulorumen and flow
into the omasum. The knowledge about the absorption of these anions from the omasum
is very limited. It was therefore the aim of the present study to characterize the transport
of SCFA and HC03 -. Because previous studies have shown interaction between anion and
Na transport (Martens and Gabel, 1988), the determination ofNa flux.rates were include
Traditional and Modern cultural Practices for the Cultivation of Deserts and Desertification-affected Lands in Sudan
No full textIn Sudan, agriculture and livestock production are the main sources of livelihood for more than 70 percent of the population. Agricultural production is practiced under three major production systems. These are: irrigated, rain fed semi-mechanized and rain fed traditional production systems. The total farmed area is 19.5 million hectares, or about 7.8% of the area of the country. The arid and semi-arid zones cover the largest part of the of the rain-fed farming production systems. Most of lands in Sudan especially in the northern and western regions are threatened by desertification and it has been classified as moderately to severely affected by desertification and environmental degradation. The long term declining trend in land productivity is one of the most visible indicators of the ecological degradation. Desertification and drought were identified as the most important constraints facing dry lands farming in Sudan.
Research in Sudan has developed and released several technologies and management practices to improve crops productivity and to mitigate the effect of land degradation and improved productivity with great consideration of long-term environmental effects. These technologies include: zero tillage, appropriate crop varieties, intercropping, water harvesting and storage and conservation techniques ,seed priming and micro-dosing, legumes introduction and Improving soil fertility ,agro-forestry systems, mulching, proper cultural practices and shelter belts. The key to development and improving the sustainability of degraded areas in Sudan is to stop any further deterioration and abuse of the natural resource base, that is, agricultural land, and the associated loss of soil productivity. In addition, scaling-up of the released technologies and appropriate polices can help facing the challenge of earning livelihood in desertification affected areas. Research is expected to continue working on the optimum use and conservation of natural resources and long-term environmental effects of farming practices, food security, recent environmental changes and adverse socioeconomic transformation
Nitrogen management to mitigate climate change and deliver future global food security.
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] well being and health depends on clean air and clean water, as well as on the quality food. For
all these aspects nitrogen management is critical. Growing food with nitrogen fertilizers will inevitably
result in emissions of N2O, a greenhouse gas contributing to global warming over long time
scales. Growing food and burning fossil fuels also results in unintentional releases of other nitrogen
pollutants into air and water, which is generally harmful to human health and ecosystem services,
although some of these air pollutants also provide a short-term climatic cooling effect. Current evidence
suggests, on the short term, cooling effect to be as large or even larger than the N related warming
effects. Thus the existing warming effect of N2O may be masked on the short term, but will inevitably
dominate the long-term response. Mitigating releases of excess N into the environment by improving
efficiencies of N use in agriculture, industry, and transportation would reduce negative impacts to
ecosystem service and human health of air and water pollution, decrease both short-term cooling and
long-term warming, with an expected long-term net mitigation of N-driven warming, and while allowing
for productive agriculture to meet the globally growing demand for food
Rough Inference Engine for Neural Expert System
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected], [email protected],A new method for pre-processing input to neural network based on
rough sets analysis was proposed The method was used to construct a rough inference
engine within the frame of neural expert system. As an example, a neural expert system
for medical diagnosis was built using the two engines.
The obtained result shows
consistency of the given data and the classification given by experts
Assessment of changes in body surface temperature associated with ambient temperature using infrared thermograph in camels (Camelus dromedarius
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum to get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] surface temperature is an important mechanism
in temperature regulation of homeotherms (Philips and
Health, 1992). Vasomotor tone of peripheral blood vessels
in specialized heat exchanger regions depends on the
surrounding Ta (Tattersall et al., 2009). The major
mechanism of sensible heat loss is the cutaneous
vasodilatation in specialized body regions that serve as
heat exchanger with the environment. Such specialized
regions are characterized by high surface to volume ratio,
absence of fur, dense network of blood vessels and the
presence of arteriovenous anastomoses (Mauck et al.,
2003). The term ''thermal window" is applied to describe
these regions (Klir and Health, 1992). Recently, thermal
window has been defined as a restricted surface area
which is visible as hot spot in a thermal vision and differ by
more than 5 C from its adjacent regions (Weissenbock et
al., 2010). Exchanging body heat with the surrounding
environment through thermal windows is achieved by
modifying blood flow in these regions via controlling
vasomotor tone (Sumbera et al., 2007). Camel's skin has
numerous arteriovenous anastomoses which could
facilitate heat dissipation via high cutaneous blood flo
Energy Consumption During Cooking
No full textThis paper had been presented for promtion at the university of khartoum to get the full text please contact the other [email protected] analysis has been made of the energy expended in the cooking of a number of different foods in an electric forced - convection oven. Out of the total energy used of 1.4 to 1.7 MJ per kg of food, 0.43 to 0.72 MJ was actually absorbed by the food . Most of the balance was lost to the environment as heat. these results are discussed in terms of energy conservation.
A feature of the results is the close similarity between the energy absorbed by the food , and the sum of the sensible and latent heat
Language Status and Use in Dilling City, the Nuba Mountains
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] paper examines the status and use of language in the Nuba Mountains, Sudan.
It is based on responses to 1496 questionnaires administered to people belonging to
37 different ethnic groups. Subjects were asked about language proficiency,
language use in different domains and language attitudes. Factors such as sex,
generation, intermarriage, education and urbanisation were correlated to the process
of language shift among the groups under investigation. The results suggest a clear
language shift towards Arabic across many different groups, especially the Dilling,
Ama and Gulfan. Education and urbanisation were found to have strong effects on
the shift away from ethnic languages. Women appear to have taken the lead in the
process. Their growing role in socioeconomic life and the increasing opportunities
for women to get an education have been among the main impetuses for women to
abandon their own ethnic languages
Identity Construction and Linguistic Manipulation in Randuk
No full textThis paper had been presented for promotion at the university of Khartoum. To get the full text please contact the other at [email protected] paper gives an overview of the Randuk language, its use, development and the role it plays in marking speakers‟ identity. The paper is based on data collected from youths belonging to three different social groups: Shamasha (street boys), mechanics, and university students. This data was collected through interviews and participant observation and the resulting analysis demonstrates that Randok provides all the features of urban youth languages in Africa as outlined by Kiessling and Mous (2004). The language reveals strategies of linguistic manipulation (phonological, morphological and semantic) of pre-existing forms from Arabic and other languages - principally English. Metathesis, prefixation, suffixation, coinage, borrowing, metaphors, metonymies, onomastic synecdoches and dysphemisms are frequently used in Randuk. The use of these forms clearly indicates the identity of the speakers. This means that Shamasha, mechanics, and university students employ linguistically manipulated forms derived from their respective environment or community of practice. As such, one can observe the co-existence of different varieties of Randuk such as students, mechanics, Shamasha, blacksmiths, soldiers, and footballers. The analysis also shows that Randuk is gradually gaining new domains represented by the daily newspapers whose writers, especially the sarcastic ones resort to Randuk words to serve certain functions. The ultimate consequence of this tendency will be an increasing spread of Randuk among a number of communities leading to some form of standardization of the language