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The effect of ion chamber volume on intensity-modulated radiotherapy small field dosimetry
No full textThe use of appropriate equipment during the measurements required for a treatment planning system (TPS) directly affects the quality of treatment. The present study investigates the effect of small field output factors (OF) obtained with ion chambers of different volumes on intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans. Three different beam models (BM65, BM13, BM04) were created at TPS using small fields OFs measured by ion chambers with three different volumes, i.e. 0.65, 0.13 and 0.04 cc respectively. IMRT plans with the same features were designed for these models. The difference between the calculated and measured doses at dose distributions for each IMRT plan was investigated using point-dose measurement and gamma index method. The OF values obtained with a 0.65 cc ion chamber were significantly different, especially in small fields. The greatest difference in point-dose measurements made in IMRT plans was observed in the plans produced in the BM65 beam model. There was no significant difference in gamma passing rate (GPR) values in 2D array measurements. Inaccurate OF values obtained during small-field measurements is one of the important parameters that affect dosimetric accuracy. Therefore, using different dosimetric methods in quality assurance during TPS commissioning may allow to detect measurement errors, especially in small-field measurements
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Rats with Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFIntroduction: Insulin resistance is associated with a pro-inflammatory state increasing the risk for complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its chronobi-otic effects, the pineal hormone melatonin is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ef-fects. Melatonin was also suggested to affect insulin secretion. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of melatonin on inflammation in diabetic rats and to study the possible involvement of the melatonin receptor, MT2. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 per group): (1) control, (2) strepto-zotocin/nicotinamide induced diabetes type 2 (T2DM), (3) T2DM treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg/day), and (4) T2DM treated with melatonin (500 µg/kg/day for 6 weeks) and the selective MT2 receptor antagonist luzindole (0.25 g/kg/day for 6 weeks). Blood samples were taken for biochemical parameters and various tissue samples (liver, adipose tissue, brain) were removed for im-munohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB), and Q-PCR analyses, respectively. Results: Melato-nin significantly reduced increased blood levels of liver transaminases (AST, ALT), blood urea ni-trogen (BUN), triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and cholesterol in diabetic rats with luzindole treatment partly reversing this effect regarding the lipids. Furthermore, the liver and adipose tissues of T2DM rats treated with melatonin showed lower expression of the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB as compared to the T2DM group without melatonin. The results also showed that the MT2 receptor is at least partly involved in the protective effects of mel-atonin. Conclusions: Our results suggest that melatonin exerts relevant anti-inflammatory effects on various tissues in type 2 diabetic rats. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
The feasibility of anthropometric measurements for evaluation of abdominal obesity in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
No full textIntroduction: total kidney volume (TKV) increases in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which perturbs anthropometric measurements. Objectives: the primary objectives were to investigate the accuracy of waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) for determining abdominal obesity in patients with ADPKD by comparison with magnetic resonance images. The secondary objectives were to investigate the associations of energy/macronutrient intake with WC and WHR. Methods: sixty patients with ADPKD were recruited from a nephrology outpatient clinic in this cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures were: TKV, total subcutaneous fat (TSF), total intraperitoneal fat (TIF), WC, WHR, body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness (SFT), and energy/ macronutrient intake. Results: mean age was 48.6 ± 11.3 years, 38 of 60 were women, median TKV was 1486 (IQR, 981-2847) mL. The patients classed as obese by the BMI had higher WC, TSF, TIF, and SFT than did non-obese; however, WHR was similar in obese and non-obese men. In the all-patients group, the WHR of obese and non-obese patients were also similar. TKV was positively correlated with WC and WHR in women, but not in men. In the multivariate analysis, TKV was an independent factor affecting WC and WHR in women. Dietary fat intake was similar in groups with and without abdominal obesity according to WC and WHR. Conclusions: in women with ADPKD, WC and WHR may not be accurate anthropometric measurements for evaluation of abdominal obesity; however, they may be associated with TKV. © 2022 SENPE y Arán Ediciones S.L
A finite element model of the deltoid muscle and biomechanical analysis of the standing dumbbell fly for shoulder exercises
No full textThe shoulder joint participates in different resistance training due to its high mobility. In previous studies, deltoid muscle force was investigated by the electromyography method. However, the effects of increasing exercise weight on deltoid biomechanics have not been adequately studied. In this study, shoulder biomechanics in dumbbell fly movements performed with different dumbbell weights were investigated. Accordingly, the biomechanical model of the upper extremity was prepared and the motion analysis of the dumbbell fly exercise was performed. Then, the exercise was simulated with MATLAB Simscape tools. As a result of the simulation, shoulder joint moment and deltoid muscle force were calculated. Thus, the finite element model was performed to examine the mechanical behavior of the deltoid muscle during exercises. In dumbbell fly exercises performed with different weights, the maximum joint moment was 42.82 Nm, 54.32 Nm and 65.83 Nm, respectively. Additionally, the highest muscle force was calculated as 1378 N, 1750 N, and 2121 N, respectively. When the weight of the dumbbell increased by 33.33%, maximum joint moment increased by 26.85% and 21.18%, and maximum muscle force increased by 26.99% and 21.20%, respectively. However, although the dumbbell weight increased by 25%, the maximum stress in the deltoid muscle increased strikingly by 33.33%. Consequently, it was observed that increasing the weight of the dumbbell did not cause the same increase in shoulder joint moment and deltoid muscle force. Moreover, it was found that increasing the weight of the dumbbell increases the stress in the deltoid muscle to a higher extent. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
The correlation between nursing students' healthy lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk factors' knowledge level, and obsession symptoms
No full textBACKGROUND: Nursing students have a role in the awareness of risk factors in the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Nursing students' awareness of disease risk factors plays a role in developing healthy lifestyle behaviors. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the relationship between the effect of nursing students' healthy lifestyle behaviors and cardiovascular disease risk factors' knowledge levels and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Two hundred and twenty-four students studying in the nursing departments of two foundation universities participated in the study between April and October 2020. Sociodemographic information form, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL), and Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) were applied to the students. RESULTS: It was found that the nursing students' healthy lifestyle behaviors (123.53 ± 25.78) and cardiovascular risk factors' knowledge level (21.08 ±± 2.70) were high. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (16.12 ± 6.22) were moderate. In the correlation of sociodemographic characteristics, it was found that age correlated with the nutrition subdimension of CARRF-KL and HPLP-II, income level correlated with HPLP-II, place of residence correlated with HPLP-II, CARRF-KL, and MOCI, and having a health problem correlated with health responsibility. Income status, place of residence, and presence of health problems were found to be correlated with HPLP-II in all subdimensions in the regression analysis. In the regression analysis of HPLP-II with CARRF-KL and MOCI scales, it was found that it was significantly related to interpersonal relations, spiritual growth, stress management, and total score dimensions. CONCLUSION: Healthy lifestyle behaviors of nursing students are related to cardiovascular risk factors' knowledge level and obsession symptoms. In addition, some demographic characteristics affect healthy lifestyle behaviors. © 2022 Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
The impact of COVID-19 on construction labor productivity: the case of Turkey
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study is to measure the impact of the factors affecting construction labor productivity by focusing on different types of construction works during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey, as well as discuss solutions and immediate actions. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted in two steps. First, a quantitative survey was carried out to determine the dimension of factors negatively affecting construction labor productivity and the loss rate of different construction works from the employee perspective. The factors were identified through a literature review. The crucial relationships were highlighted as a result of a statistical analysis. Second, a survey was performed to determine the loss rate through a comparison of man-hour values before and after the beginning of the pandemic from the employer perspective. After an analysis and comparison of the results, semi-structured interviews were performed to discuss all findings and discover ways to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on construction labor productivity. Findings: The results of the study clearly show that construction labor productivity was deeply affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Legal obligations, such as social distancing, wearing masks, and limitations on the number of workers, have been major drivers for lower labor productivity. Such obligations have a profound impact on interior construction works, especially based on teamwork. Concerning employer and labor-related factors, problems with getting payments on time, loss of income, and financial hardships are the leading factors resulting in decreased worker performance. Excavation, insulation, and plastering works were determined as the most affected construction works under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications: The quantitative portion of this study is limited to a sample of respondents in the Turkish construction industry. Further research is necessary to provide an in-depth review into construction labor productivity in other countries with a larger respondent sample. Another limitation is sourced by the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may turn out that some findings are outdated. Despite these limitations, the insights from this study may enable employers to understand the major drivers and deep impacts of labor productivity loss by uncovering the main vulnerabilities during the pandemic. Recommended measures may also help policy-makers and stakeholders in the construction industry take necessary and immediate actions to ensure better construction labor productivity. Originality/value: The study may contribute to a better understanding of a pandemic's impact on labor productivity by focusing on both employee and employer perspectives, especially in developing countries. The paper may help employers decide which priority measures are required for each construction work separately. The study is crucial not only for minimizing the negative effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on labor productivity but also for preparing for the post-pandemic era. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited
İÇSEL MARKALAMANIN MARKA VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞI VEİŞTE KALMA NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ: HİZMET SEKTÖRÜNDEBİR ARAŞTIRMA
No full textMarka vaadini, değerlerini ve özelliklerini benimseyen çalışanların, dış müşteriye
markayı daha iyi tanıtabileceğini savunan içsel markalama, son yıllarda önem kazanan bir
pazarlama unsuru olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İçsel pazarlamanın önem kazanmasıyla
literatürdeki yerini alan içsel markalama sayesinde işletmeler, günümüz pazar koşullarında
rekabet avantajı elde etmekte ve çalışanların markayla özdeşleşerek işletmeye bağlılıklarını
artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, içsel markalama ile marka vatandaşlık davranışı
ve işte kalma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek, ayrıca içsel motivasyonun bu
değişkenlerle ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, Marmara Bölgesinde bulunan beş
yıldızlı konaklama işletmelerinde içsel markalama faaliyetlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla
470 adet beş yıldızlı konaklama işletmesi çalışanına ulaşılmış olup elde edilen veriler
yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda ise içsel markalama
unsurlarının marka vatandaşlık davranışı ve işte kalma niyeti üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu
görülmektedir. Ayrıca içsel motivasyon ile marka vatandaşlık davranışı ve işte kalma niyeti
arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir
Covid Outbreak Based Recovery Project with "Horizontal World Treatment": Coronapolises
No full text2019 yılı sonunda Çin’in Wuhan eyaletinde çıkan ve çok kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılarak küresel bir
salgına (pandemi) dönüşen Covid-19 virüsü tüm ülkelerin yaşam biçimlerini, ruhsal yapılarını, algılarını,
yaşama bakışlarını kökten değiştirdi. Çok hızlı bulaşan ve ölümcül sonuçlara neden olan Covid-19 virüsünü
önlemek için büyük bir panik halinde çareler aranmaya başladı. Tüm dünya şaşkınlık içinde birbirinden farklı
yöntemlere başvurdu, kimi ülke yönetimleri küresel salgını başlangıçta ciddiye almadı ve hastalığın
yayılmasına neden oldu. Geldiğimiz noktada Türkiye’nin de içinde bulunduğu bazı ülkeler aşı çalışmalarını
başarıyla yürütmektedir. Bu makalede, gezegendeki tüm insanların toplumsal yaşam biçimlerini ve tehdit
algılarını değiştiren Covid-19 küresel salgını, damgalama, tecrit, işsizlik korkusu, özne iktidar ilişkisi, sosyal
ve tıbbi destekler, ülkelerin kültürel yapılarına göre değişen korunma ya da korunmaya karşı dirençler ve
çözüm önerileri ele alınmaktadır. Makalede, evrensel bilime katkı yapacak yeni kavramlar ve tanımlar
üretilmiş, hem covid-19 salgını hem de bundan sonra çıkması olası bilmediğimiz başka salgınların bulaşlarını
yaşam kalitesini düşürmeden önleyecek tedbirler gösterilmiştir. Antikçağlardan bugüne kadar kralları ve
Covid Outbreak Based Recovery Project With "Horizontal World Treatment"… 105
www.turkishstudies.net/language
yönetimleri bile deviren küresel salgınlar ürettiğim şu kavramlarla birlikte incelenmiştir: Toplumsal Tsunami,
Toplumsal Paniğe Karşı “Etik Suç” ve “An-Etik Ceza”, Self-Ostracism, Görünmeyenin Halüsinasyonu,
Virüsün “Demo-Faşist” Siyasal Yapısı, Kentsel İmparatorluklar, İktidar, Özne ve Nesne Patolojileri,
Genelleştirilmiş Simetrik Yaşam Alanı. Sonuç olarak, küresel salgınlara karşı köklü çözümler aranmıştır.
Çözüm olarak yeni bir kentleşme modeli olarak “Yatay Dünya Tedavisi” ile Koronapolisler (Koronapol’ler)
kurulması önerisinde bulunulmuştur
Metin Duygu sınıflandırılmasında hibrit wavelet yönteminin kullanımı
No full textVerilerin her geçen gün arttığı günümüzde herhangi bir metnin anlamsal ve duygusal çözümlemesi ihtiyaç duyulan konulardan biridir. Çalışmamız metinlerin sınıflandırılmasında kullanılabilecek üst anlam ilişkilerini çıkarmak ve metinlerin duygu sınıflandırmasını yapmak için yeni bir yöntem önermektedir.Bu yöntem daha önce metin analizinde çok az kullanılmış dalgacık dönüşüm yöntemidir. Çalışmamızda bu yöntemin klasik sınıflandırma algoritmaları ile birleştirilirmiş hali kullanılmaktadır. Dalgacık dönüşüm yöntemi metin içindeki anahtar kelimelerin üst anlamlarını ve temsil ettikleri ağırlıkları bulmaya yardım etmektedir. Duygu sınıflandırması probleminde, klasik yöntemler ile birlikte metin anahtar kelime vektörleri üzerinde dalgacık dönüşümü yapıldıktan sonra bulunan ağırlıkların kullanılması doğrulukları artırmıştır
Gold as a precious metal and gold banking; accounting practices regarding gold-based banking transactions within the framework of the bank uniform chart of accounts
No full textGeçmişte farklı şekillerde kullanılmış olan altın, gerek değişim gerekse yatırım amacı ile günümüzde de yoğun ilgi görmektedir. Ancak yoğun ilgiye rağmen altının ekonomik sistem dışında tutulması birtakım düzenlemelerle önlenmek istenmektedir. Altının ekonomik sisteme dahil edilmesi oldukça önemli bir husus olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bankaların da bu konuda önemli roller üstlenmesiyle birlikte altın bankacılığı kavramı da önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada altının ve altın bankacılığının gelişimi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, işletmeler ve bankalar tarafından gerçekleştirilen altına dayalı işlemlerinin muhasebeleştirilmesi ele alınmıştır. Yeni ve güncel bir konu olan altın bankacılığı işlemlerinin muhasebeleştirilmesini konu alan bu çalışmanın, ilgili literatüre katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, altına dayalı çalışan işletmeler ve diğer bilgi kullanıcıları için de yol gösterici olması çalışmanın amaçlarındandır