Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Sex differences in plasma lipid profiles, but not in glucose metabolism in patients with first-episode antipsychotics-naive schizophrenia
No full textBackground: First-episode antipsychotics-na & iuml;ve schizophrenia (FEAN-SCZ) is associated with abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. While sex differences in the incidence and severity of SCZ and metabolic abnormalities have been documented, the specific metabolic abnormalities between the sexes remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate sex-specific differences in plasma glycolipid profiles in FEAN-SCZ patients. Methods: A total of 172 FEAN-SCZ patients (male/female: 83/89) and 31 healthy controls (male/female: 14/17) were recruited. Psychopathology assessment was conducted using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Glycolipid profiles, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined in all participants. Results: FEAN patients displayed significantly higher fasting and 2-hour glucose levels compared to healthy controls (both p < 0.001). Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) prevalence in male patients was 24.1 % (n = 20) and 25.9 % (n = 23) in females, contrasting with 0 % (n = 0) in the control group. FEAN patients exhibited elevated blood insulin and TC levels (both p < 0.05) and increased insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR (p < 0.01). Among male patients, those with IGT had significantly higher TC, TG and LDL levels than non-IGT patients (all p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in female patients between IGT and non-IGT groups. Body mass index (BMI), TG and HDL levels were identified as significant predictors of IGT in male FEAN patients. Conclusions: IGT is present in a subset of FEAN-SCZ patients. Male patients with IGT exhibit distinct alterations in plasma lipid profiles compared to non-IGT patients.</p
The relationship between smartphone use and cognitive function among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: the moderating role of sex
No full textThis study explored the relationship between smartphone use and cognitive function among older adults in Chinese communities, integrating both self-reported and objective data. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 209 participants aged 60 and above. The results showed that longer years of smartphone use, a greater variety of applications (apps), and the use of non-social apps was positively associated with cognitive function. In contrast, the use of social apps was linked to lower performance in certain cognitive subdomains. Hierarchical multilevel linear regression showed that years of smartphone use were a significant positive predictor of overall cognitive function. Additionally, the study identified a moderating effect of sex on the relationship between social app usage and cognitive function. Specifically, increased social app usage is associated with poorer cognitive function in men. The results indicate that prolonged and diverse smartphone use is associated with better cognitive health, while the influence of social app usage differs between sexes. The study underscores the importance of considering sex differences in future research on smartphone use and its cognitive effects in older adults.</p
Prolonged visual perceptual changes induced by short-term dyadic training: The roles of confidence and autistic traits in social learning
No full textAs social creatures, we are naturally swayed by the opinions of others, which largely shape our attitudes and preferences. However, whether social influence can directly impact our visual perceptual experience remains debated. We designed a two-phase dyadic training paradigm where participants first made a visual categorization judgment and then were informed of an alleged social partner's choice on the same stimulus. Results demonstrated that social influence significantly modified participants' subsequent visual categorizations, even when they had been well-trained prior to the dyadic training. This effect persisted for an extended period of up to six weeks. Diffusion model analysis revealed that this effect stemmed from perceptual processing more than mere response bias, and its strength was inversely related to the participants' confidence and autistic-like tendencies. These findings offer compelling evidence that our perceptual experiences are deeply influenced by social factors, with individual confidence and personality traits playing significant roles.</p
Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of autistic features in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a large scale cross-sectional study
No full textObjectiveSex differences have been suggested in both schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of autistic features in male and female patients with chronic SCZ.MethodsA total of 1690 chronic SCZ patients (M/F: 1122/568) were recruited from ten psychiatric hospitals in China. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Autism Severity Score and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were utilised to assess the presence of autistic features and measure cognitive function, respectively.ResultsFemale SCZ patients had a higher prevalence of autistic features than male SCZ patients. In male patients, those with autistic features exhibited higher illness duration and RBANS scores, but lower years of education. Whereas in female patients, those with autistic features had higher RBANS scores, but lower years of education. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that years of education, illness duration, visuospatial/constructional abilities, and language were correlated with autistic features in male patients. In female patients, years of education, language, and delayed memory were correlated with the presence of autistic features.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that sex differences exist in the prevalence and clinical correlates of autistic features in chronic SCZ patients
Semantic and Phonological Prediction in Language Comprehension: Pretarget Attraction Toward Semantic and Phonological Competitors in a Mouse Tracking Task
No full textRecent evidence increasingly suggests that comprehenders are capable of generating probabilistic predictions about forthcoming linguistic inputs during language comprehension. However, it remains debated whether language comprehenders predict low-level word forms and whether they always make predictions. In this study, we investigated semantic and phonological prediction in high- and low-constraining sentence contexts, utilizing the mouse-tracking paradigm to trace mouse movement trajectories. Mandarin Chinese speakers listened to high- and low-constraining sentences which resulted in high and low predictability for the critical target words. While listening, participants viewed a visual display featuring two objects: one corresponding to the critical target word (the target object) and the other being either semantically related, phonologically related, or unrelated to the target word. Participants were instructed to click on the target object. The analysis of mouse movement trajectories revealed two key findings: (1) In both high- and low-constraining contexts, there was a spatial attraction of the cursor toward semantic competitors, notably occurring before the target word was heard; (2) there are indications that phonological pretarget attraction effects were observed primarily in high-constraining contexts. These findings suggest that the constraints of sentences have the potential to modulate the representational contents of linguistic prediction during language comprehension. Methodologically, the mouse-tracking paradigm presents a promising tool for further exploration of linguistic prediction.</p
音高线索和节拍类型对音乐拍子追随的影响
No full text拍子追随是人类听音乐时自发的身体同步行为。为了探究音高线索和节拍类型对拍子追随的影响，实验中让被试分别在有/无音高的条件下聆听2/4或3/4拍的音乐，并依据拍子进行同步敲击，记录每次敲击的时间点。结果发现，(1)音高线索提升拍子追随的准确性；(2)2/4拍音乐追随的准确性比3/4拍更高；(3)拍子追随的时间总是提前于音乐的真实拍点。研究不仅揭示了音乐中音高和时间维度的信息如何影响拍子同步，还验证了拍子感知的预期机制及其普遍性。</p
当你发现孩子越来越犟——解读自主性里程碑
No full text当一个孩子学会了说话，学会了走路，能够自己探索周围的世界时，他便开始“藐视”别人对自己的控制，处处喜欢显示自己的力量，这就是孩子人生第一个自主性里程碑。镜头回放冬天的清晨，一个不到3岁的男孩坚持要自己用钥匙打开爸爸的电动自行车，并且拒绝爸爸的帮忙。他试了两三分钟都没能将钥匙插进钥匙孔，爸爸急了：“上幼儿园要迟到了，我来！”孩子喊：“不行，我来！”“你又弄不开，这都几点了，再说你手不冷啊！”父子俩几轮吵下来，孩子还是没有打开电动车，急得哇哇哭，爸爸的脾气也上来了：“你开吧，开吧，你今天必须打开！”孩子也开始大喊：“你走！你走！我再也不要你了。我讨厌你！
Research of Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD among Reunited Populations based on Machine Learning
No full textThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the reunited population in China and examine influencing factors, including psychological flexibility, social support, and psychological resilience, to inform mental health interventions. Using an online survey, data were collected via Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Regression analysis was performed to explore significant predictors. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) models were used for analysis of the collected survey data. Furthermore, this paper used Inter Quartile Range (IQR) and winsorizing methods for detection and handling of outliers. Incidence rates were 70.8%, 76.0%, and 60.1% for anxiety, depression, and PTSD, respectively. Psychological flexibility negatively associated with all three conditions. Social support and resilience, though positively associated, were insufficiently developed in this population. Both SVM and RM efficiently analyzed the collected data. Enhancing social support and fostering psychological flexibility are recommended to improve coping mechanisms and mental well-being.</p
Breath of Life: A Biofeedback Game with Diverse Breathing Techniques for Enhanced Real-Life Emotion Regulation
No full textMental health is a critical public health concern, with emotion regulation (ER) playing a pivotal role in maintaining and improving psychological well-being. While respiratory biofeedback games have emerged as effective tools for ER training, existing research predominantly focuses on single-session interventions with limited techniques, emphasizing short-term skill transfer in simulated environments. This approach has led to a significant gap in understanding the long-term application of these techniques in real-life contexts, which is essential for designing effective ER training games. To address this gap, we developed a biofeedback game incorporating four distinct breathing techniques and conducted a 10-week longitudinal study with 25 participants. After one week of training, the majority of participants demonstrated successful transfer of breathing techniques to real-life scenarios. Our findings provide actionable design insights for promoting long-term skill transfer and highlight the potential of respiratory biofeedback games as sustainable tools for emotion regulation training.</p
A cross-database micro-expression recognition framework based on meta-learning
No full textMicro-expressions are facial expressions that are revealed unconsciously when suppressing true emotions and are widely used in multiple tasks, such as deception detection. However, at present, the amount of available micro-expression data is small, and there are large differences between different databases, so it is still difficult to accurately perform cross-database micro-expression recognition, which hinders real applications of recognition. To address this issue, this article first presents a meta-learning framework suitable for cross-database micro-expression recognition named Meta-CDMERF, which is trained by combining multiple micro-expression databases. Then, a residual feature-wise linear (RFL) module is proposed to generate more feature distributions and adaptively choose representative features during multi micro-expression database training, thereby reducing the feature distance between samples of the same type in different databases. Next, a new loss function is designed, which combines the cross-entropy loss function with an interclass loss function. Specifically, the inter-class loss is based on the mean value of similar features from the support set and aims to increase the distance between samples of different categories, thereby capturing subtle changes in micro-expression images. Finally, the unweighted average recall (UAR) and unweighted F1 score (UF1) values of the proposed method on the CASME II database are 62.64% and 60.00%, respectively, reaching state-of-the-art performance
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