Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Sex differences in plasma lipid profiles, but not in glucose metabolism in patients with first-episode antipsychotics-naive schizophrenia
No full textBackground: First-episode antipsychotics-na & iuml;ve schizophrenia (FEAN-SCZ) is associated with abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. While sex differences in the incidence and severity of SCZ and metabolic abnormalities have been documented, the specific metabolic abnormalities between the sexes remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate sex-specific differences in plasma glycolipid profiles in FEAN-SCZ patients. Methods: A total of 172 FEAN-SCZ patients (male/female: 83/89) and 31 healthy controls (male/female: 14/17) were recruited. Psychopathology assessment was conducted using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Glycolipid profiles, including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined in all participants. Results: FEAN patients displayed significantly higher fasting and 2-hour glucose levels compared to healthy controls (both p < 0.001). Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) prevalence in male patients was 24.1 % (n = 20) and 25.9 % (n = 23) in females, contrasting with 0 % (n = 0) in the control group. FEAN patients exhibited elevated blood insulin and TC levels (both p < 0.05) and increased insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR (p < 0.01). Among male patients, those with IGT had significantly higher TC, TG and LDL levels than non-IGT patients (all p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in female patients between IGT and non-IGT groups. Body mass index (BMI), TG and HDL levels were identified as significant predictors of IGT in male FEAN patients. Conclusions: IGT is present in a subset of FEAN-SCZ patients. Male patients with IGT exhibit distinct alterations in plasma lipid profiles compared to non-IGT patients
The effect of anhedonic traits on snack food consumption and interoception of food-related pleasure and bodily sensations
No full textHuman eating behaviour is driven by the need to secure energy demands and the desire for pleasure. Signals from the body guide this behaviour, relying on the ability to sense internal sensations. Impaired interoception has been linked to unhealthy eating habits. However, the impact of anhedonia (reduced ability to experience pleasure) on interoception and eating behaviour has not yet been studied and could enhance our understanding of eating behaviour. We conducted a cross-sectional study using self-report measures on 309 Chinese consumers with high (n = 150) and low (n = 159) anhedonic traits to explore differences in interoceptive experiences of snack food consumption. Specifically, we investigated interoceptive awareness, intuitive eating, and food-related pleasure using validated questionnaires. Additionally, we examined snack intake frequency, drivers of snack food consumption and post-ingestive sensations using self-developed questionnaires. We hypothesised that individuals with high anhedonic traits would exhibit low interoceptive awareness and lower intensity of interoceptive sensations linked to snack food consumption. Consistent with our hypotheses, low interoceptive awareness and intuitive eating were observed in individuals with high anhedonic traits. Furthermore, individuals with high anhedonic traits reported lower food-related pleasure, lower healthy snack intake frequency, and lower intensity of post-ingestive sensations for healthy snacks compared to the group with low anhedonic traits. Differences detected between groups were mainly detected for healthy snacking and not unhealthy snacking. Understanding how anhedonic traits relate to food pleasure and bodily sensations related snack consumption can provide novel insights and clarify focus areas for developing strategies supporting interoceptive awareness for long-term dietary behaviour changes
Self-Compassion and Professional Quality of Life Among Psychological Counselors: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study
No full text自我同情是心理咨询师对抗共情疲劳，提升共情满意的重要因素。有多项研究提示，自我同情的体验是辨证且复杂的，其内在丰富的维度在不同个体间似乎展现出不同的异质性特征。然而，目前对心理咨询师的自我同情群体异质性的研究还很匮乏，而基于心理咨询师自我同情的异质性特征，考察其与专业生活品质关系的研究则更加稀少。本研究结合质性与量化研究方法，深入考察中国文化背景下心理咨询师的自我同情特征及其与专业生活品质的关系。
本研究由三个研究组成：研究一采用质性研究方式，使用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样，对陕西西安共 12 名心理咨询师进行半结构化访谈。通过主题分析法，提取心理咨询师自我同情的方式、体验与相关要素；研究二采用量化研究，使用方便抽样，对全国各地共 347 名心理咨询师进行线上问卷调查，测量工具为自我同情量表。通过潜在剖面分析及 R3step 法分析，对心理咨询师自我同情潜在类别及人口学特征对其影响进行分析；研究三采用量化研究，研究对象与方法同研究 二，测量工具为专业生活品质量表。通过描述性统计、独立样本 t 检验、方差分析、BCH 法分析、分层回归分析等方法，对心理咨询师自我同情潜在类别与专 业生活品质的关系作递进式探索。
研究一结果发现，心理咨询师的自我同情含有四大主题：（1）自我同情的异质取向。其中又包含三个子主题：积极表现——内在取向，其主要表现有自我觉察、停在当下、允许与接纳等；积极表现——外在取向，其主要表现有消遣放松、寻求亲友支持、行动改变等；消极表现——缺乏同情，其主要表现为情绪反刍、自疑自责。（2）自我同情的局限性体验，即心理咨询师的自我同情过程存在伴随消极感受以及感到效力有限的情况。（3）困境的双重面向：意义建构与限制条件。其中包括心理咨询师对困难的态度以及对自我同情受阻的归因。（4） 中国文化对咨询师自我同情的双重作用，包含“集体主义取向与自我同情的压抑” 子主题，以及“传统文化根基与修养智慧”子主题。
研究二结果发现：（1）中国心理咨询师自我同情呈现 4 种潜在类别：自我冷酷组（低自我慈悲高自我冷酷, n=91, 26.22%）、自我慈悲组（高自我慈悲低自我冷酷, n=75, 21.61%）、自悯矛盾组（中自我慈悲高自我冷酷, n=23, 6.62%）、自悯中等组（中自我慈悲中自我冷酷, n=158, 45.55%）。（2）以“自我冷酷组” 作为参考组，心理咨询师的年龄、学历、专/兼职、受训背景、从业年限、月工作量、收入满意度、朋辈督导频率等人口学特征与自我同情潜在类别的归属存在显著关联。
研究三结果发现：（1）不同学历、专业、从业年限、受训背景、朋辈督导、个人督导、婚姻状况、收入满意度的心理咨询师在共情满意得分上的差异均具有统计学意义；不同学历、专业、工作单位、从业年限、朋辈督导、个人督导、婚姻状况、收入满意度的心理咨询师在倦怠得分上的差异均具有统计学意义；不同 年龄、工作单位、受训背景、个人体验的心理咨询师在次级创伤压力得分上的差异均具有统计学意义。（2）心理咨询师的共情满意、倦怠、次级创伤压力在不同自我同情潜在类别间的差异均具有统计学意义。具体而言，在共情满意维度，自我冷酷组显著低于其他 3 组，自我慈悲组显著高于其他 3 组；在倦怠维度，自我慈悲组显著低于其他 3 组，自悯中等组显著低于自悯矛盾组和自我冷酷组，自悯矛盾组与自我冷酷组间差异无统计学意义；在次级创伤压力维度，4 组潜在类别两两之间差异均具有统计学意义。（3）分层回归分析显示，在控制人口学变量后，自我同情潜在类别对专业生活品质的不同维度均有显著影响。具体而言，相比于自我冷酷组，对共情满意，自我慈悲组呈显著正向关联，自悯矛盾组呈显著负向关联；对倦怠水平，自我慈悲组和自悯中等组均呈显著负向关联，自悯矛盾组呈显著正相关联；对次级创伤压力，自我慈悲组和自悯中等组均呈显著负向关联，自悯矛盾组呈显著正向关联。
研究结论：心理咨询师自我同情的向度十分丰富，同时又受个人及社会多种因素影响和制约；国内心理咨询师具有 4 种自我同情潜在类别；这 4 种潜在类别对专业生活品质呈现出各自不同的关系路径。</p
Decision-Making in Repeated Games: Insights from Active Inference
No full textThis review systematically explores the potential of the active inference framework in illuminating the cognitive mechanisms of decision-making in repeated games. Repeated games, characterized by multi-round interactions and social uncertainty, closely resemble real-world social scenarios in which the decision-making process involves interconnected cognitive components such as inference, policy selection, and learning. Unlike traditional reinforcement learning models, active inference, grounded in the principle of free energy minimization, unifies perception, learning, planning, and action within a single generative model. Belief updating occurs by minimizing variational free energy, while the exploration-exploitation dilemma is balanced by minimizing expected free energy. Based on partially observable Markov decision processes, the framework naturally incorporates social uncertainty, and its hierarchical structure allows for simulating mentalizing processes, providing a unified account of social decision-making. Future research can further validate its effectiveness through model simulations and behavioral fitting.</p
The Influence of Social Context on Perceptual Decision Making and Its Computational Neural Mechanisms
No full textPerceptual decision making refers to the process by which individuals make choices and judgments based on sensory information, serving as a fundamental ability for human adaptation to complex environments. While traditional research has focused on perceptual decision making in isolated contexts, growing evidence highlights the profound influence of social contexts prevalent in real-world scenarios. As a crucial factor supporting individual survival and development, social context not only provides rich information sources but also shapes perceptual decision making through top-down processing mechanisms, prompting researchers to recognize the inherently social nature of human decisions. Empirical studies have demonstrated that social information, such as others' choices or group norms, can systematically bias individuals' perceptual decisions, often manifesting as conformity behaviors. Social influence can also facilitate performance under certain conditions, particularly when individuals can accurately identify and adopt high-quality social information. The impact of social context on perceptual decisions is modulated by a variety of external and internal factors, including group characteristics (e. g., group size, response consistency), attributes of peers (e. g., familiarity, social status, distinctions between human and artificial agents), as well as individual differences such as confidence, personality traits, and developmental stage. The motivations driving social influence encompass three primary mechanisms: improving decision accuracy through informational influence, gaining social acceptance through normative influence, and maintaining positive self-concept. Recent computational approaches have employed diverse theoretical frameworks to provide valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying social influence in perceptual decision making. Reinforcement learning models demonstrate how social feedback shapes future choices through reward-based updating. Bayesian inference frameworks describe how individuals integrate personal beliefs with social information based on their respective reliabilities, dynamically updating beliefs to optimize decisions under uncertainty. Drift diffusion models offer powerful tools to decompose social influence into distinct cognitive components, allowing researchers to differentiate between changes in perceptual processing and shifts in decision criteria. Collectively, these models establish a comprehensive methodological foundation for disentangling the multiple pathways by which social context shapes perceptual decisions. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies provide converging evidence that social context influences perceptual decision making through multi-level neural mechanisms. At early perceptual processing stages, social influence modulates sensory evidence accumulation in parietal cortex and directly alters primary visual cortex activity, while guiding selective attention to stimulus features consistent with social norms through attentional alignment mechanisms. At higher cognitive levels, the reward system (ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) is activated during group-consistent decisions; emotion-processing networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala) regulate experiences of social acceptance and rejection; and mentalizing-related brain regions (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction) support inference of others' mental states and social information integration.
These neural circuits work synergistically to achieve top-down multi-level modulation of perceptual decision making. Understanding the mechanisms by which social context shapes perceptual decision making has broad theoretical and practical implications. These insights inform the optimization of collective decision-making, the design of socially adaptive human-computer interaction systems, and interventions for cognitive disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa. Future studies should combine computational modeling and neuroimaging approaches to systematically investigate the multi-level and dynamic nature of social influences on perceptual decision making
Neural Oscillation Features of ADHD Symptoms in Children: EEG Evidence From Resting State and Oddball Task
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to explore neural oscillation features (resting-state + oddball-EROs) of ADHD symptoms in children in a dimensional approach and to construct a multi-metric model combining objective EEG measures and subjective parental ratings to predict children's behavioral performance.Method: Seventy-seven children (age range: 6-12 years) participated in laboratory assessment. ADHD symptoms were first evaluated using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT), followed by EEG recordings during both resting-state and oddball task conditions. Three parent rating scales were also used to evaluate children's behavioral performance: the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD RS-IV): Home Version, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Conners' Parent Rating Scales (CPRS).Results: Seventy-one children with valid IVA-CPT results were included in data analysis. The main results revealed a relationship between poorer attention performance and decreased eye-open alpha1 power in the resting state, reduced N2 delta power in the oddball condition, and elevated non-delta band power in the standard condition of the oddball task. Poorer response control performance was associated with increased eye-closed alpha1 power, as well as increased eye-open alpha2 and beta2 power. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the inattention subscale from parental assessments on the RS-IV, combined with P3 alpha power in the standard condition of the oddball task, was the strongest predictor of children's attention performance.Conclusion: The current study identified important neural oscillation features of ADHD symptoms in both the resting state and during an oddball task and offers new insights into multi-metric prediction for ADHD assessment and diagnosis
The role of trait inference and pragmatic inference in young children's selective learning
No full textDespite the early development of children's sensitivity to the informativeness of testimony, there is limited understanding of their interpretation of others' history of informativeness. This study investigates how preschoolers make trait inferences and pragmatic inferences about informants who differed in informativeness, and how these abilities affect their selective learning. Four- and 5-year-olds (N = 64) observed two informants with differential access to a series of conjunctive causal events (full vs. partial). They were then asked to make pragmatic and trait inferences about the informants before choosing one informant to learn from. Five-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, preferred to learn from the informative speaker. This pattern of selective learning held only for children who evaluated the informative speaker as smarter and for those children who could infer the informants' epistemic states from the strength of statements. These findings highlight the crucial role of trait reasoning and pragmatic ability in guiding children's selective learning.</p
Teaching with surprise to enhance children's inclination for creative thinking and creative tendencies
No full textThe present study is a short-term intervention program aimed at cultivating children's creativity based on the 'butterfly model' of nurturing creativity, adopting a 2 x 3 mixed experimental design with placebo and no-treatment groups. They also received the equal intervention after the experimental group finished for the sake of fairness to all the participating children. A total of 74 Chinese children aged 5-9 participated in the study. The experimental and control groups were assessed using the following scales: Creativity Assessment Packet, and Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. After two weeks of intervention, children showed improvement in state-like variables, such as divergent thinking and creative tendencies, while their trait-like variables, such as intelligence, and the parental rearing patterns of their family members, did not show any improvement. The study provided a prudent paradigm for evaluating educational courses and established a foundation for future long-term research on cultivating children's creativity
Altered dynamic reconfiguration of brain functional networks during gaming and deprivation in individuals with internet gaming disorder
No full textBackground and aimsBased on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model, this study aimed to identify dynamic reconfiguration of the basal ganglia network (BGN), limbic network (LN) and frontal-parietal network (FPN) in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD) during a real gaming situation. This approach overcomes the indirectness of experimental task situations in previous studies, providing direct evidence for the underlying neural basis of IGD.MethodsThirty gamers with IGD and 37 gamers with recreational game use (RGU) were scanned during online gaming and immediate deprivation. Two coefficients (recruitment and integration) were calculated using community structure, an emerging method, to represent individual functional segregation and integration of brain networks over time, respectively.ResultsThe IGD group showed greater recruitment of BGN and LN after deprivation of gaming, and greater integration between the inferior frontal gyrus in the FPN and BGN and between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the FPN and LN during deprivation. In contrast, the RGU group exhibited lower recruitment of BGN during deprivation than during gaming, stable recruitment of LN and stable integration between nodes in the FPN and BGN.ConclusionsGamers with RGU always maintain stable cognitive control and emotional regulation and could drop cravings/anticipation for continuing gaming after being interrupted gaming. However, gamers with IGD have stronger craving/anticipation and emotional responses after being interrupted gaming and insufficient control over cravings/anticipation and emotions. These findings help directly explain why gamers with IGD are addicted to gaming, despite having similar gaming experiences to those of gamers with RGU.</p
The Bidirectional Mediation Roles of Depression and Hostile Attribution Bias in the Relationship between Peer Conflict and Adolescents' Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Two-Wave Study
No full textPrevious research has established that the quality of peer relationships significantly impacts adolescents' physical and mental health. However, the relationship between peer conflict and cyberbullying perpetration remains insufficiently explored. Based on the General Aggression Model and the General Strain Theory, this study investigates the mediating role of depression and hostile attribution bias in the relationship between peer conflict and cyberbullying perpetration, as well as the moderating role of gender, aiming to offer a new perspective on understanding adolescent cyberbullying perpetration. Employing a two-wave survey design, the study encompassed 900 adolescents (Mage = 13.45, girls = 452), collecting data on peer conflict, depression, hostile attribution bias, and cyberbullying perpetration through self-reported questionnaires. The findings revealed that peer conflict at Time 1 (T1) significantly and positively predicted cyberbullying perpetration at Time 2 (T2). Depression and hostile attribution bias at T2 acted both individually and in a bidirectional chain as mediators between peer conflict at T1 and cyberbullying perpetration at T2. Gender differences were observed in the paths "peer conflict T1 -> cyberbullying perpetration T2" and "depression T2 -> cyberbullying perpetration T2." Specifically, compared to girls, boys who experienced peer conflict and depression were more likely to engage in cyberbullying perpetration. These findings not only theoretically expand the application of the General Strain Theory and the General Aggression Model, but also provide practical guidance for the prevention and intervention of cyberbullying perpetration among adolescents.</p
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