Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Stiffness-Tunable Neurotentacles for Minimally Invasive Implantation and Long-Term Neural Activity Recordings
No full textFlexible microelectrodes are ideal for chronic neural recordings; however, their low bending strength poses challenges during probe insertion. Here, a stiffness-tunable polyimide probe, termed Neurotentacle, is proposed for deep brain implantation. Its tunability is enabled by embedded microchannels with controllable liquid pressure. During insertion, the Neurotentacle becomes stiff under elevated internal pressure, allowing penetration of brain tissue without additional materials or tools. Once inserted, it regains flexibility by reducing the internal pressure. The novel ultra-thin microchannel fabrication technique enables the Neurotentacle to maintain dimensions similar to conventional flexible probes. This minimizes tissue damage during insertion while ensuring long-term biocompatibility and stability, confirmed by histological evaluations in both acute and chronic animal models. In long-term recordings, Neurotentacles outperform traditional shuttle-assisted implantation methods. The technique is straightforward, controllable, and does not require complex devices, making it ideal for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural recordings.</p
Artificial Intelligence Is Stereotypically Linked More with Socially Dominant Groups in Natural Language
Get PDFDespite the increasingly important role that artificial intelligence (AI) plays in society, its social representation remains underexplored. This study reveals that AI is asymmetrically stereotyped, being more closely associated with socially dominant groups. This conclusion is based on these investigations of AI's associations along the warmth–competence dimensions of the stereotype content model, its connections with socially advantaged (e.g., men, young, rich, white) versus disadvantaged (e.g., women, old, poor, non-white) demographic groups, and its perceived impact on high- versus low-prestige occupations. Across four studies using language-based analyses with static word embeddings, BERT-based models, and GPT-4o, as well as human-participant experiment validation, it is found that i) AI is strongly associated with high competence but exhibits variability in the warmth dimension (Study 1); ii) AI is more closely linked to advantaged demographic groups (Study 2); iii) advantaged demographic groups are semantically closer to AI than their disadvantaged counterparts along the warmth–competence dimensions (Study 3); and iv) high-prestige occupations (rather than low-prestige ones) are associated more strongly with AI's benefits than with its threats. Together, these findings indicate that public perceptions of AI are systematically biased toward socially dominant groups, potentially reinforcing existing social inequalities and raising concerns about an emerging "AI divide.".</p
The anterior-posterior gradient of the fusiform gyrus modulates the transition between mnemonic and perceptual features during reminiscences
No full textOur cognition can be oriented either towards the external environment, as in perception, or towards our own self and its memories. However, the perception-memory continuum underlying the construction of memories remains unclear. Addressing this gap in our knowledge is the goal of our study; for that we uniquely investigate a rare mental phenomenon, namely internallyand externally-oriented reminiscences as manifest in memories and experiential hallucinations. To probe the causality of precisely located areas in eliciting and structuring such perceptual-mnemonic interactions, we studied a large sample of 335 patients with electrodes implanted across nearly the entire cortical surface, combining intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) and electrophysiological causal connectivity. We demonstrate that the likelihood of internally-oriented reminiscences was significantly higher during stimulation of the anterior fusiform gyrus. Conversely, externally-oriented hallucinations were far more likely to occur upon stimulation of the posterior fusiform gyrus. The probability of connections from regions outside the fusiform gyrus that displayed internally-oriented reminiscences to the fusiform gyrus decreased along the anterior-posterior axis. This suggests that an anterior-posterior gradient within the fusiform gyrus mediates an analogous external-internal perceptual-mnemonic continuum.</p
Media Multitaskers’Working Memory and Attentional Characteristics
No full text随着学习与日常生活的数字化趋势，人们逐渐形成了同时处理多项媒体任务的习惯，如在视频学习时打开网页进行信息查询，这种行为被称为媒体多任务行 为（media multitasking）。媒体多任务行为对个体工作记忆的影响也受到越来越多的关注，目前有注意分散假设（scattered attention hypothesis）和注意训练假设（trained attention hypothesis）两种观点，注意分散假设认为媒体多任务行为会使个体注意分散，耗费额外认知资源进而影响其信息处理加工，从而导致工作记忆受损；注意训练假设认为媒体多任务行为会使个体在多个信息流间进行注意切换，从而提升工作记忆能力。本研究从这两个假设出发，创设自发媒体多任务情境和强制媒体多任务情境，探究重媒体多任务经验者（heavy media multitasker, HMM）与轻媒体多任务经验者（light media multitasker, LMM）分别在这两种情境下的1-back工作记忆任务绩效和眼动指标差异，以更探究媒体多任务者的工作记忆与 注意特征。
研究一对比了在自发媒体多任务情境下，HMM和 LMM的工作记忆任务绩 效及眼动指标差异。结果显示，在自发媒体多任务情境下，HMM比LMM的1-back 任务击中率更低、虚报率更高，在 1-back 任务区域内注视时长更少，在视频无关刺激区域内注视时长更长。这表明，在自发媒体多任务情境下，HMM 更易被无关刺激分散注意，工作记忆表现更差，符合注意分散假设。
研究二对比了在强制媒体多任务情境下，HMM 和 LMM 的工作记忆任务绩 效及眼动指标差异。结果显示，在强制媒体多任务情境下，HMM比LMM的1-back 任务虚报率更低、击中率更高，在 1-back 任务区域的注视时长更长，在各任务之间的注意切换次数更少。这表明，在强制媒体多任务情境下，HMM 注意范围更广、获取信息效率更高，工作记忆表现更好，符合注意训练假设。
总的来说，媒体多任务者在不同媒体多任务情境下的工作记忆和注意表现不同。媒体多任务者在自发媒体多任务情境中工作记忆表现更差，注意更易被无关刺激分散，而在强制媒体多任务情境中工作记忆表现更好，注意更能集中于主要任务。</p
Development and Validation of the Polymedia Compensation Scale for Left-Behind Children in Migrant Families
No full textLeft-behind children (LBC) in China, whose parents migrate to urban areas for employment, face unique challenges in maintaining parent-child relationships. This study investigates how LBC utilise polymedia to compensate for physical parental absence and examines its association with parent-child attachment. Through exploratory factor analysis of data collected from 549 LBC in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, we developed a Polymedia Compensation Scale comprising three dimensions: parental accessibility, parental engagement and perceived consolation. The scale structure was subsequently validated using a separate sample (N = 563), demonstrating robust psychometric properties. Analysis revealed that polymedia compensation experiences were significantly higher among younger LBC, LBC with migrant mothers and LBC reporting secure parent-child attachment. These findings contribute to our understanding of how digital communication technologies mediate parent-child relationships in the context of internal migration.</p
Invisible and Visible Processing of Facial Attractiveness in Implicit Tasks: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials (ERPs)
No full textFacial attractiveness can be automatically perceived in implicit tasks when the faces are visible. Nonetheless, to date, it is poorly understood to what extent facial attractiveness can be processed when faces are invisible. It is also worth exploring the differences between visible and invisible processing of facial attractiveness. To address these issues, the event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when participants were presented with attractive and unattractive faces under invisible condition (continuous flash suppression paradigm; CFS) and visible condition (gender judgment task). The results indicated that attractive faces elicited a larger P1 amplitude (110-150 ms) compared to unattractive faces, regardless of whether the faces were visible. Attractive faces also elicited a larger N170 amplitude (150-190 ms) compared to unattractive faces under the visible condition. Furthermore, visible faces elicited larger P1 and N250/early posterior negativity (EPN) amplitudes as compared to invisible faces. But only under the attractive condition, the visible faces elicited a larger N170 than the invisible faces. The present study suggested that facial attractiveness can be automatically perceived in the early stage regardless of visibility, although attractiveness processing was somewhat reduced in the absence of visual awareness
Cognitive-behavioral therapy to normalize social learning for patients with major depressive disorders: study protocol for a single-arm clinical trial
No full textBackgroundThe current study aims to explore the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in normalizing social learning capabilities and its underlying neural processes among patients with MDD, in terms of enhancing learning towards positive social feedback, and reducing excessive learning towards negative social feedback. This study also explores the potential for learning impairments in social contexts as a biomarker to predict the effectiveness of CBT.MethodsIn a single-centre, single-arm, open-label trial, 60 outpatients with MDD will undergo 12 sessions of CBT in three months. Data collection of patients will be administered at baseline and at the endpoint of the treatment. Additionally, 60 heathy controls will be recruited as a comparative group to assess deviations from the normal functions in the patients with MDD before and after CBT. Data collection of the HC group will be administered at baseline. Data collection of the two groups comprises of demographic information, clinical assessments, psychological assessments, and behavioral experiments (i.e. the Door Game and the Trust Game) in conjuction with task-based function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Data analysis comprises of an estimation of social learning capabilities by computational modeling, and identification of baseline abnormalities, treatment effects and endpoint abnormalities on social learning capabilities and its neural activities.DiscussionThis trial aims to assess the efficacy of CBT in normalizing social learning capabilities among patients with MDD by leveraging high ecological validity paradigms and computational modeling. This trial also contributes to understanding psychosocial biomarkers of CBT treatment effectiveness in reducing depressive symptoms.Trial registrationChiCTR2400094841 (www.chictr.org.cn; registration date: 12/29/2024) (retrospectively registered)
Boy's love fans versus non-fans in the sexual identity and neural response in the digital age's young females
No full textWith the omnipresence of online social media, Boys' Love (BL) culture has found a burgeoning audience among young females. However, we know very little about the audience of this online cultural phenomena, also the potential implications of BL culture to female remain under-explored. Study 1 conducted a survey to investigate the BL audience's demography data and attitudes to homosexual ect. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed that the sexual orientation and psychological gender of the female BL audiences are more diverse. In addition, we also find the audience spend a lot of time on BL. Study 2 focused on the BL senior fans to explore the neural and behavioral response of female while looking at Boys' Love(BL) stimuli and Heterosexual love stimuli by fNIRS. Behavioral results showed that there was no main effect of reaction time and accuracy between the BL-fans and non-BL-fans. Neural results confirmed that the Oxy-Hb responses for BL-love stimuli in BL-fans was significantly lower than the non-BL-fans. In addition, the interaction effect showed that the Oxy-Hb responses was significantly higher for BL-love stimuli than for heterosexual love stimuli in non-BL-fans, and no difference was found in BL-fans. This finding, maybe along with the discovery that the more pornography a person was exposed to, the higher the brain dopamine threshold, and the subsequent weakening of the neural response to sexual stimulation. The research leads to the conclusion that long term exposed to Boys' Love may decrease the reward sensitivity to BL stimuli and weakens the brain's response of the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) to BL stimuli.</p
Serial Multiple Mediation of Anxiety and Hostile Attribution Bias in the Relationship Between Need for Uniqueness and Adolescents' Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Two-Wave Study (Mar, 10.1007/s11469-024-01266-4, 2024)
No full textCyberbullying perpetration has become a common concern for academics and the public. However, whether need for uniqueness is associated with cyberbullying perpetration and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain to be identiffed. Based on the integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing, this study aimed to examine the relationship between need for uniqueness and cyberbullying perpetration and the mediating roles of anxiety and hostile attribution bias. Participants were 827 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.45, SD = 0.92, 400 boys). They completed the paper-and-pencil questionnaires in two-time waves. The hypotheses were tested by correlation analysis and Model 6 of the PROCESS macro. The correlations analysis indicated that need for uniqueness, anxiety, hostile attribution bias and cyberbullying perpetration were positively correlated with each other. Moreover, the mediation model testing indicated that anxiety and hostile attribution bias acted as parallel and sequential mediators between need for uniqueness and cyberbullying perpetration. This study contributes to our understanding of why individual characteristics, such as the need for uniqueness, are associated with cyberbullying perpetration from both an emotional and cognitive perspective. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of addressing anxiety and hostile attribution bias in interventions to reduce cyberbullying perpetration.</p
Optimizing Takeover Performance: Balancing Warning Information Amount for Urgent and Non-Urgent Autonomous Transitions
No full textInformative warnings can improve takeover performance in automated vehicles, but improper or excessive information may hinder it. This study investigates the optimal amount of information in urgent and non-urgent autonomous takeover transitions. Forty-five drivers were randomly assigned to groups receiving different amounts of the selected takeover warning information elements. Each group completed simulated takeover tasks in four scenarios with different urgency. Takeover performance, situation awareness, and stress levels were measured. The results indicate that, in urgent situations, single-element assistance delays takeover response, while three elements increase failure risk. However, dual-element assistance yields faster response, equivalent awareness, and minimal stress. In non-urgent situations, having three elements leads to the best awareness and lowest stress compared with having fewer elements. In conclusion, an appropriate and non-overwhelming level of information facilitates urgent takeover performance, whereas greater information is advantageous in non-urgent cases. These findings provide insights into designing appropriate warning amount assistants for automated driving takeover requests across varying time-pressure situations
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