Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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CellMemory: hierarchical interpretation of out-of-distribution cells using bottlenecked transformer
No full textMachine learning methods, especially Transformer architectures, have been widely employed in single-cell omics studies. However, interpretability and accurate representation of out-of-distribution (OOD) cells remains challenging. Inspired by the global workspace theory in cognitive neuroscience, we introduce CellMemory, a bottlenecked Transformer with improved generalizability designed for the hierarchical interpretation of OOD cells. Without pre-training, CellMemory outperforms existing single-cell foundation models and accurately deciphers spatial transcriptomics at high resolution. Leveraging its robust representations, we further elucidate malignant cells and their founder cells across patients, providing reliable characterizations of the cellular changes caused by the disease
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Empirical Evidence for the Simple Bayesian Model of Autism
No full textThe Bayesian framework conceptualizes human perception as a process of probabilistic inference, where the brain integrates prior expectations with incoming sensory evidence to construct a mental model of the world. Within this framework, several distinct theories-collectively termed the "simple Bayesian model"-suggest that perceptual atypicalities in autism stem from an imbalance between the precision of prior beliefs and sensory input. This study presents a systematic review and the first meta-analysis to evaluate empirical evidence for the simple Bayesian model. We synthesized 24 effect sizes from 23 eligible studies using a random-effects model to test its core predictions: that autistic individuals exhibit universally "broader" priors and/or heightened sensory precision compared to non-autistic controls. We found a significant, small-to-moderate overall effect in the predicted direction (Hedge's g = 0.37). However, heterogeneity across studies was large and significant and was not explained by any of the examined moderators: prior type (structural vs. contextual), stimulus type (social vs. nonsocial), task setting (implicit vs. explicit), cognitive domain (higher-level cognition vs. perception), or participant characteristics. Given the significant unexplained heterogeneity, our findings offer only limited support for a universal "simple Bayesian model" of autism. We conclude that future research should move beyond the simple Bayesian model to investigate more sophisticated, hierarchical Bayesian accounts of autism.</p
Developmental changes in brain activation and functional connectivity during Chinese handwriting
No full textHandwriting is a fundamental linguistic and motor skill that significantly contributes to cognitive development, effective communication, and academic success. However, how brain systems develop to support handwriting remains unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study examined the differences in regional activation and functional network connectivity during Chinese handwriting between 52 children (9-13 years old) and 40 young adults. We found that, compared to adults, children exhibited lower activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left precentral gyrus, and right posterior occipital cortex, possibly reflecting variations in functional specialization of handwriting-related circuits. In contrast, network analysis showed that children had greater global and local efficiency of the whole-brain networks than adults, particularly in the default mode network and visual network, possibly reflecting a large-scale reconfiguration of brain networks during handwriting automatization. These observed differences suggest that the brain systems supporting handwriting are still being established from middle childhood to young adulthood, underpinned by focal functional specialization and reconfiguration of functional networks. These findings provide new insights into the neurodevelopment of skills that integrate linguistic and motor processes, and expand our understanding of brain functional plasticity
Re: Efficacy and Safety of Oxalobacter formigenes in Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
No full textInterpersonal environmental communication (IEC) has not been systematically examined in terms of its effects on different types of pro-environmental behaviors, its applicability to groups with varying levels of ecological worldview, and its long-term impact. To address these theoretical gaps, we conducted three studies based on impression management theory. Study 1, using cross-sectional survey data (n = 1,889), revealed that IEC has a stronger effect on adolescents' public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors and is more influential for those with a lower ecological worldview. Study 2, using longitudinal data (n = 764), demonstrated that IEC has a long-term and more pronounced impact on specific public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., donation), and on adolescents with a lower ecological worldview in certain pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., volunteer services). Study 3, using a longitudinal survey of adults (n = 601), further validated that IEC has a long-term and stronger effect on public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors and on adults with a lower ecological worldview. These studies provide strong evidence of the robust, long-term, and cross-age effect of interpersonal environmental communication on pro-environmental behaviors. Based on these findings, policymakers in education, media, and community could foster public activities that are collective and visible, enhancing opportunities for social engagement around pro-environmental actions.</p
Identifying Father Involvement Profiles Among Chinese Rural Children Using Latent Profile Analysis: The Relations to Depressive Symptoms and the Moderating Role of Parental Relationship
No full textBased on Lamb's three-dimension model, this study identified different profiles of father involvement using latent profile analysis. Then, this study examined the differences in depressive symptoms across these profiles, along with the moderating role of parental relationship. A total of 750 Chinese rural children (Mage = 11.86, SDage = 0.60; 53.07% males) were included in the study. The results identified three profiles: Low, Moderate, and High father involvement. Rural children in the Low father involvement profile showed higher depressive symptoms than the other two profiles. Parental relationship moderated this association. Specifically, in cases of a disharmonious parental relationship, moderate and high father involvement significantly reduced depressive symptoms. In cases of average and harmonious parental relationships, high father involvement significantly reduced depressive symptoms. This research highlights that, despite limited rural fathers' involvement, a harmonious relationship between parents can powerfully compensate
Identifying Father Involvement Profiles Among Chinese Rural Children Using Latent Profile Analysis: The Relations to Depressive Symptoms and the Moderating Role of Parental Relationship
No full textBased on Lamb's three-dimension model, this study identified different profiles of father involvement using latent profile analysis. Then, this study examined the differences in depressive symptoms across these profiles, along with the moderating role of parental relationship. A total of 750 Chinese rural children (Mage = 11.86, SDage = 0.60; 53.07% males) were included in the study. The results identified three profiles: Low, Moderate, and High father involvement. Rural children in the Low father involvement profile showed higher depressive symptoms than the other two profiles. Parental relationship moderated this association. Specifically, in cases of a disharmonious parental relationship, moderate and high father involvement significantly reduced depressive symptoms. In cases of average and harmonious parental relationships, high father involvement significantly reduced depressive symptoms. This research highlights that, despite limited rural fathers' involvement, a harmonious relationship between parents can powerfully compensate.</p
Longitudinal effects of parent-child relationship quality on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: the role of serotonergic multilocus genetic variation
No full textThe present study examined the impact of serotonergic multilocus genetic variation, parent-child relationship quality and gender on the developmental trajectory of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A sample of 552 first-year junior high school students from Hunan Province, China, participated in a three-wave longitudinal study. The study included detailed questionnaires and genetic sampling, conducted over a period of one and a half years. We hypothesize that parent-child relationship quality and serotonergic multilocus genetic profile score (MGPS) interact to influence adolescent NSSI trajectories, with possible gender differences. Using latent growth curve modeling (LGCM), the results revealed a linear decrease in NSSI over time, with parent-child relationship quality significantly predicting initial NSSI levels. The interaction between serotonergic MGPS and parent-child relationship quality predicted the intercept but not the growth rate of NSSI. There were also gender differences, such that female adolescents were more vulnerable to the combined effects of parent-child relationship quality and genetic factors, patterns that emerged for both initial NSSI intercept and slope. These results highlight the pivotal role of genetic and environmental factors, particularly parent-child relationship quality, in adolescent mental health. This work suggests that future interventions may be designed to strengthen parent-child relationships and tailored to genetic risks and gender-specific vulnerabilities
Challenges of Assessment and Intervention for the Mental Health Issues in Adolescence and Young Adults
No full textChallenges of Assessment and Intervention for the Mental Health Issues in Adolescence and Young Adults
No full textThe latent mechanism behind binocular advantage in reading
No full textMost individuals read binocularly, and previous studies have found a binocular advantage in reading speed. However, the underlying mechanism of the binocular advantage in reading remains unclear. In our study, we quantified contributions from basic visual functions, basic oculomotor functions, and reading-specific eye movements to the binocular advantage in Chinese reading speed, using six tasks and 32 metrics. Consistent with prior research, we confirmed a binocular advantage in Chinese text reading, with binocular reading being approximately 4% faster than monocular reading. Interestingly, although basic visual and oculomotor functions themselves exhibited binocular advantages, they did not account for the observed binocular advantage in reading among individuals with normal vision. This finding is particularly noteworthy because it provides an important normative reference for individuals with impaired vision, in whom basic visual and oculomotor functions may serve as critical explanatory factors for reading performance. In contrast, the concurrent reduction of three reading-specific eye movement metrics-fixation count, average fixation duration, and progressive saccade count-under binocular conditions well explained the binocular advantage in reading, despite these metrics not demonstrating a binocular advantage in isolation. Our results suggest that efficient parafoveal preprocessing and faster neural processing in binocular vision might play critical roles in binocular advantage in reading for individuals with normal vision
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