Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Study on the curative effect of aerobic exercise combined with methylphenine on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
No full text注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder，ADHD）是一种以多动、注意力不集中及冲动为主要表现的神经发育障碍，若未及时干预，可能对儿童的身心健康和社会功能造成严重影响。传统治疗以药物为主，但药物治 疗依从性低且存在一定的副作用。本研究旨在探讨运动干预联合哌甲酯治疗对ADHD 儿童注意力、自我意识及问题行为的影响，以期为 ADHD 的综合干预提供科学依据，并深入了解儿童家属在治疗过程中的体验，为优化 ADHD 治疗与家庭支持体系提供科学依据。
研究一采用分层多级抽样法，依据特定公式计算样本量，考虑失访率及抽样误差后，选取 106 例 ADHD 儿童。根据儿童及家属意愿分为对照组（57 例，仅接受药物治疗）和联合干预组（49 例，接受药物治疗与有氧运动干预）。对照组接受哌甲酯治疗，联合干预组在此基础上进行为期 6 个月的有氧运动干预，包括 3 公里法特莱克跑和亲子篮球挑战。在干预前后对儿童的注意力、自我意识、问题行为、执行功能、生活质量以及不良反应进行测评和记录。研究结果如下：
（1）注意力改善：干预后，联合干预组在注意任务上的反应时间、漏报及错报数目显著低于对照组，综合反应控制商（FRCQ）、综合注意力商（FAQ）、 听觉注意商（AAQ）、视觉注意商（VAQ）显著高于对照组，显示联合干预能显 著改善注意力表现。
（2）自我意识提升：联合干预组 PHCSS 总分显著高于对照组，各维度得分均有显著改善，特别是焦虑、行为、智力与学校状况、幸福与满足等维度，表明运动干预对提升儿童自我意识具有显著作用。
（3）行为问题改善：干预 6 个月后，两组 ADHD 儿童 PSQ 各维度得分较干预前均下降，且联合干预组在冲动多动、品行问题、多动指数、学习问题、身心问题各维度得分低于对照组，显示行为问题改善明显。
（4）执行功能提升：联合干预组 BRIEF 量表中的行为调控指数（BRI）和元认知指数（MI）显著低于对照组。在具体维度中，抑制、情绪控制、计划、工作记忆及任务启动得分改善尤为显著，提示运动干预能全面改善儿童执行功能。
（5）生活质量提高：PedsQL 量表显示，联合干预组的生理功能、情感功能、社会功能及学校功能维度得分均显著高于对照组，其中生理功能和情感功能提升尤为显著，表明运动干预对生活质量的提升作用显著。
（6）安全性：联合干预组不良反应发生率为 6.12%，低于对照组的 17.54%。
研究二运用访谈研究，对 10 位研究一联合干预组的家属进行半结构化访谈，运用主题分析法剖析访谈资料。结果发现：
（1）家庭支持因成员认知差异而不同，社会支持有限且不均。家属期望社会机构提供专业教育、心理辅导服务，希望学校配备专管教师。
（2）家属确诊时多从困惑到接受，多因老师提醒关注到孩子异常。对治疗方案认知不足，尤其在非药物干预和长期管理方面。对药物治疗，认可效果但忧副作用；对非药物治疗感兴趣，却因资源少、费用高难以尝试。
（3）照护孩子使家属承受育儿焦虑、自责内疚、社会压力和家庭关系紧张等负担。家属通过交流、运动等自我调节，期望社会加强科普，减少歧视，提供更多专业支持。
有氧运动干预联合哌甲酯治疗能够全面改善 ADHD 儿童的注意力、自我意 识、行为问题、执行功能及生活质量。研究显示，运动干预不仅通过改善注意力和执行功能促进学业表现，还能通过提升自我意识和社会功能改善儿童的心理健康与行为问题，降低药物相关的不良反应，提高治疗的安全性和依从性。通过访谈研究，深入剖析了 ADHD 儿童家属的体验，发现家庭与社会支持不足、家属对治疗的认知局限以及照护过程中的心理压力是主要挑战。家属普遍期望获得更多专业支持，如家长支持小组和学校专门辅导教师，同时对药物治疗的效果持肯 定态度，但也担忧其长期副作用。此外，照护 ADHD 儿童给家属带来了显著的育儿压力，包括焦虑、自责内疚以及对孩子未来的担忧。研究二的结果提示，在未来的 ADHD 综合干预中，应加强家庭支持体系建设，提升家属对治疗方案的认知，并提供更多非药物治疗资源，以缓解家属的心理压力，提升治疗依从性。本研究为制定更全面的 ADHD 干预策略提供了科学依据，未来 ADHD 治疗应整合医疗干预与家庭支持，构建全方位综合治疗模式，以促进 ADHD 儿童的康复与发展。</p
Perceived Stress and Waste Separation Habit: The Roles of Self-Control, Policy Effectiveness, and Subjective Norm
No full text随着城镇化和经济社会的快速发展，人口不断向城市聚集，生活节奏明显加快，生活垃圾的产生量急剧增加，引发了严重的环境问题，并威胁公众身心健康。养成垃圾分类习惯是实现生活垃圾源头减量化的重要途径，能够促进资源的有效回收，推动环境和社会的可持续发展。尽管我国政府已采取一系列措施推动垃圾分类，且大多数居民对垃圾分类表示支持，但仍未能养成垃圾分类习惯，存在严重的知行冲突。其中，生活压力可能是导致知行冲突的原因之一，但目前尚未得到明确证实。
在当前我国经济发展的新常态背景下，居民面临的工作和家庭责任等生活压力不断增加。生活压力引起的自我控制资源损耗，可能是导致居民优先应对自身事务而无暇顾及，甚至忽视或不愿意进行垃圾分类的主要原因。然而，部分研究发现压力感知可能促进亲环境行为，个体在压力环境下会表现出利他的亲社会偏好。垃圾分类习惯的养成需要居民克服即时满足的干扰，坚持进行关乎长远利益的分类行为，这既需要内在动力的驱动，也需要有效公共政策的推动以及主观规范等外在动力的共同作用。因此，垃圾分类习惯的养成可能与居民的压力感知、自我控制等个人因素有关，同时也受政策有效性、主观规范等外部因素的影响。 基于此，本研究旨在探讨压力感知、自我控制、感知政策有效性及主观规范等关键因素对居民垃圾分类习惯的影响及其作用机制。
研究一基于习惯形成理论，以我国居民为研究对象(N=528)，通过问卷调查考察了压力感知、自我控制、感知政策有效性和主观规范对垃圾分类习惯的影响。结果显示，自我控制、感知政策有效性及主观规范均对垃圾分类习惯有显著的正向预测作用，表明这些因素在促进居民垃圾分类习惯的形成中具有重要作用。然而，压力感知对垃圾分类习惯的影响较为复杂，具有双重效应。具体而言，压力感知不仅对垃圾分类习惯有直接的积极影响，还通过自我控制对垃圾分类习惯产生间接的消极影响，即“遮掩效应”(suppression effect)。这表明，尽管压力感知可能在一定程度上促进垃圾分类习惯的形成，但其对自我控制资源的消耗也可能抑制居民进行分类。此外，感知政策有效性在自我控制和垃圾分类习惯之间起中介作用；主观规范在感知政策有效性和垃圾分类习惯之间起中介作用。
研究二进一步探讨了压力感知、自我控制、感知政策有效性和主观规范在影响垃圾分类习惯上的具体表现，丰富和补充现有量性研究的发现，并深入解释了 量化研究中压力感知对垃圾分类习惯直接积极影响的心理机制。为此，研究二邀请了 18 位受访者参与半结构化访谈，以收集他们的观点和经验。受访者包括7位居民、2 位来自物业管理公司的桶前督导员、2 位物业普通从业人员、3 位物业管理负责人、3 位环保公益组织人士及 1 位政府相关工作人员。结果表明，压力感知、自我控制、感知政策有效性及主观规范对垃圾分类习惯的影响与研究一的结论类似。自我控制、感知政策有效性及主观规范能积极影响分类习惯，但压力感知对分类习惯既有消极影响，也有积极影响。此外，研究二还发现，在当前社会背景下，基于感知政策有效性视角的“多元共治”社区治理方式对促进居民分类习惯的形成具有重要作用。这一发现为更有效地推动垃圾分类习惯的形成提供了新的见解和实践方向。
综上所述，本研究揭示了压力感知、自我控制、感知政策有效性及主观规范等关键因素对垃圾分类习惯的影响及其作用机制，尤其是压力感知在这一过程中所起的复杂作用。研究结果为进一步理解压力感知对垃圾分类习惯的复杂影响及其心理机制提供了新视角，并为培养居民的垃圾分类习惯、维持分类行为及制定更有效的垃圾分类政策提供了重要的启示和理论依据。</p
The Relationship Between Preschool Teachers’ Safety Responsibility Stress and Teaching Efficacy: The Moderating Roles of Teaching Style and Occupational Stability
No full text幼儿教师的教学效能感作为学前教育质量发展的核心驱动要素，深刻影响着师幼互动质量、幼儿学习品质及教师职业发展等多维教学前教育质量核心指标。当前幼教行业面临复合型挑战：教师职业固有的多角色-高负荷特性，叠加少子化趋势与安全责任压力的外部环境冲击，导致教学策略被迫转向防御性模式，职业稳定性持续弱化，最终形成制约教学效能感提升的恶性循环，严重制约学前教 育质量发展。
而现有研究多聚焦显性教学因素对效能感的影响，而对安全责任压力这一潜藏于日常保教活动的系统性风险关注不足。尤其在幼儿园安全责任无限扩展的背景下，亟需揭示安全压力对教学效能感的作用机制，并探索有效的干预路径。针对以上现状，本研究聚焦幼儿教师群体，突破传统显性因素分析框架，创新性地将安全责任压力这一隐性核心变量纳入研究体系，系统构建"压力源-调节机制-效能产出"的理论模型，重点揭示教学风格、职业稳定感在安全责任压力和教学效能感之间的调节作用机制及其边界条件。
通过混合研究方法（研究一和研究二）整合量化分析与深度访谈，研究发现：幼师安全责任压力和职业稳定感分别与教学效能感呈负向和正向关联，且在压力传导过程分别受到教学风格和职业稳定感的缓冲和增强效应调节，另外安全责任压力与职业稳定感呈负相关，和传统保守型教学风格呈正相关。质性研究进一步揭示，制度性支持缺位和家长过度追责导致安全责任无限泛化，形成"预防性高压"与"防御性教学"的恶性循环。具有较强教学策略意识的教师会主动运用专业方法化解压力，而职业稳定感较高的教师则因将安全保障视为非职业义务，在压力持续增强时易出现职业认同危机，进而导致教学效能显著下降。
综上，本研究创新性揭示职业稳定感和教学风格在压力-效能传导过程中的动态调节效应。理论层面拓展了教学效能感研究的生态系统视角，实证层面为理解低生育率背景下幼师职业压力与教学效能的内在关联提供了新证据。研究发现对优化学前教育质量评估体系、完善教师专业发展支持机制具有启示意义，为幼儿园教师队伍建设提供新的理论切入点。</p
Distinct oxytocin signaling pathways synergistically mediate rescue- like behavior in mice
No full textSpontaneous rescue behavior enhances the well- being and survival of social animals, yet the neural mechanisms underlying the recognition and response to conspecifics in need remain unclear. Here, we report that observer mice experience distress when encountering anesthetized conspecifics, prompting spontaneous rescue- like behavior toward the unconscious mice. This behavior facilitates the earlier awakening of anesthetized mice while simultaneously alleviating stress in the helper mice. Our findings reveal that endogenous oxytocin (OXT) release from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus regulates the emotional component of rescue- like behavior. In contrast, OXT release from the PVN to OXTR in the dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) mediates the motor component of the behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these two pathways exhibited distinct temporal dynamics and functional roles. The the remarkable ability of rodents to engage in targeted helping behavior and suggest that distinct subcortical oxytocinergic pathways selectively and synergistically regulate the motor and emotional aspects of rescue- like behavior.</p
The Effects of Facilitation and Inhibition During Multimodal Somatosensory Integration
No full textThe somatosensory system, including modalities such as touch, temperature, and pain, is essential for perceiving and interacting with the environment. When individuals encounter different somatosensory modalities, they interact through a process called multimodal somatosensory integration. This integration is essential for accurate perception, motor coordination, pain management, and adaptive behavior. Disruptions in this process can lead to a variety of sensory disorders and complicate rehabilitation efforts. However, research on the behavioral patterns and neural mechanisms underlying multimodal somatosensory integration remains limited. According to previous studies, multimodal somatosensory integration can result in facilitative or inhibitory effects depending on factors like stimulus type, intensity, and spatial proximity. Facilitative effects are observed primarily when stimuli from the same sensory modality (e. g., two touch or temperature stimuli) are presented simultaneously, leading to amplified perceptual strength and quicker reaction times. Additionally, certain external factors, such as cooling, can increase sensitivity to other sensory inputs, further promoting facilitative integration. In contrast, inhibitory effects may also emerge when stimuli from different sensory modalities interact, particularly between touch and pain. Under such conditions, one sensory input (e.g., vibration or non-noxious temperature stimulation) can effectively reduce the perceived intensity of the other, often resulting in reduced pain perception. These facilitative and inhibitory interactions are critical for efficient processing in a multi-stimulus environment and play a role in modulating the experience of somatosensory inputs in both normal and clinical contexts. The neural mechanisms underlying multimodal somatosensory integration are multi-tiered, encompassing peripheral receptors, the spinal cord, and various cortical structures. Facilitative integration relies on the synchronous activation of peripheral receptors, which transmit enhanced signals to higher processing centers. At the cortical level, areas such as the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, through multimodal neuron responses, facilitate combined representation and amplification of sensory signals. In particular, the thalamus is a significant relay station where multisensory neurons exhibit superadditive responses, contributing to facilitation by enhancing signal strength when multiple inputs are present. Inhibitory integration, on the other hand, is mediated by mechanisms within the spinal cord, such as gating processes that limit transmission of competing sensory signals, thus diminishing the perceived intensity of certain inputs. At the cortical level, lateral inhibition within the somatosensory cortex plays a key role in reducing competing signals from non-target stimuli, enabling prioritized processing of the most relevant sensory input. This layered neural architecture supports the dynamic modulation of sensory inputs, balancing facilitation and inhibition to optimize perception. Understanding the neural pathways involved in somatosensory integration has potential clinical implications for diagnosing sensory disorders and developing therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific neural circuitry and mechanisms that contribute to these complex interactions, providing insights into the broader implications of somatosensory integration on behavior and cognition. In summary, this review highlights the importance of multimodal somatosensory integration in enhancing sensory perception. It also underscores the need for further exploration into the neural underpinnings of these processes to advance our understanding of sensory integration and its applications in clinical settings.</p
Sex-dependent impact of parental verbal abuse on brain lateralization of language
No full textBackground: Child maltreatment profoundly impacts mental health and cognitive abilities, with effects varying according to the type of maltreatment. Parental verbal abuse (PVA) is a pervasive yet often overlooked form of child maltreatment linked to significant changes in brain structures crucial for language. This study investigated the impact of PVA on behavior, brain structure, and function related to language, examining how these effects may differ between females and males. Methods: We recruited 142 adults who experienced varying levels of PVA during childhood. Participants completed questionnaires to assess their exposure to PVA, nonverbal abuse and neglect, and underwent cognitive tests to evaluate their language-related skills. We employed diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore how PVA affect structural characteristics of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and brain activation patterns during a sentence comprehension task. Results: Hierarchical regressions revealed sex-dependent effects of PVA on the AF lateralization. In females, PVA exposure was associated with decreased leftward lateralization of the AF's anterior segment and reduced frontal lateralization during sentence comprehension. Conversely, in males, PVA was related to increased leftward lateralization of the same segment, but this structural change did not correspond with significant effects on functional lateralization or language performance. Conclusions: This study highlights the susceptibility of AF's anterior segment and frontal activation to PVA, revealing distinct patterns between females and males. The findings underscore the necessity for future research to address these sex differences and develop targeted interventions to meet the distinct challenges that females and males may face
Neural signatures underlying the effect of social structure on empathy and altruistic behaviors
No full textHumans inhabit complex social networks, monitoring social structures that encompass both direct and indirect relationships. However, previous research primarily focused on direct relationships, leaving the neural basis of how social structure influences socioemotional processes understudied. This study addressed this gap by investigating the neural pathways underlying the influence of social structure on empathy and altruistic behaviors. During fMRI scanning, participants viewed painful or non-painful stimulation to innocent strangers who shared preferences with targets who had either treated participants fairly or unfairly. Afterwards, participants rated the pain experienced by these innocents and shared money with other innocents. Participants showed reduced empathic and altruistic responses toward innocents resembling unfair (vs. fair) targets, accompanied by heightened activation in regions crucial for emotion regulation and mentalizing, such as the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, whole-brain and local neural patterns in the anterior insula and premotor cortex robustly discriminated painful (but not non-painful) stimulation of different innocents, suggesting that social structure altered emotional and sensorimotor aspects of empathy. These alterations might be driven by top-down regulation, as indicated by heightened functional connectivity between the lateral prefrontal cortex and sensorimotor areas, as well as between the anterior insula and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex when witnessing the pain of innocents resembling fair (vs. unfair) targets. Together, our work is the first to uncover the neural underpinnings through which human empathy and altruistic behaviors are shaped by social structure beyond direct self-other relationships.</p
Green self-accountability and temporal distance impact on sustainable consumption behavior: the mediating role of anticipated emotions
No full textPurpose With the rise in global consumption depleting natural resources and harming the environment, promoting sustainable consumption is essential. Our study explores how green self-accountability affects sustainable purchasing over different time frames, examining the impact on short (one week) and long-term (one year) choices toward green products and the underlying mechanisms.Methods We conducted two experiments where participants made green purchasing decisions, with the first activating green self-accountability and the second also measuring anticipated emotional responses.Results Findings show that green self-accountability boosts sustainable purchasing, particularly for immediate choices, driven by anticipated pride in buying green products.Conclusion Green self-accountability significantly enhances sustainable purchasing, aided by anticipated pride. This suggests that marketing strategies emphasizing environmental urgency and consumers' eco-unfriendly behaviors can foster sustainable consumer habits.</p
Association Between Music Use and Depression Among College Students: The Moderating Roles of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Gender
No full textMusic is a prevalent tool for alleviating depression among college students, yet its effects exhibit individual and gender variability. This study examined differential associations between healthy/unhealthy music use and depression severity among Chinese college students while investigating regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) as a moderator and exploring three-way interactions with gender. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we recruited 16,588 participants (55% male, M = 19.82 years, SD = 1.77) through convenience sampling. Standardized measures included the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale, the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale. Results revealed: (a) healthy music use negatively correlated with depression, whereas unhealthy music use showed a positive association; (b) RESE exhibited divergent moderating effects: high RESE weakened the health benefits of healthy music, while low RESE predicted maladaptive outcomes; unhealthy music use exhibited significant depressive risks in both high-RESE and low-RESE subgroups; and (c) a significant three-way interaction emerged, indicating that males with low RESE derived diminished mental health benefits from healthy music engagement compared to females with equivalent RESE levels. No gender-RESE interaction was observed for unhealthy music use. These findings underscore RESE's critical role in moderating music-related mental health outcomes, particularly highlighting gender-specific vulnerability patterns in ostensibly adaptive music engagement.</p
A Topic-Guided Self-Attention Network for Daily Mental Wellbeing Prediction Using Mobile Devices
No full textPrediction of daily mental wellbeing holds profound implications for individual healthcare and societal stability. Previous studies have shown the potential of using individual's multimodal behavioral data collected through mobile devices to predict his/her daily mental wellbeing metrics, such as stress, mood, and anxiety. However, effectively capturing long-range dependencies in behavioral time series data while accurately representing the statistical distribution patterns of various behaviors over a certain period is a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a daily mental wellbeing prediction model based on a Topic-Guided Self-Attention Network (TGSAN). This model utilizes self-attention mechanism to capture long-range dependencies from the behavioral data collected by mobile devices. We utilize a multi-granularity time encoding method to inject time information of different granularities (i.e., day and hour, or week and day) into the behavioral data, thereby enhancing the sensibility of the self-attention network to capture every individual's habitual cyclicality rhythm. Then, we introduce a neural topic model to analyze the statistical distribution characteristics of various behaviors in the monitoring period as behavioral distribution patterns for different individuals, and further propose a topic attention network to enhance the model's classification performance by guiding the weights of long-range dependencies features from the self-attention network with the derived topic information. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, the proposed TGSAN achieved superior performance on datasets that measure different mental health indicators (stress, mood, and anxiety), with F1 scores outperforming by 4.5% and 2.3% on the Crosscheck and StudentLife datasets, respectively, and accuracy outperforming by 3.3% on the GLOBEM dataset. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness and interpretability of combining self-attention mechanisms with neural topic model, for a better understanding of the relationship between different individuals' behaviors and their mental wellbeing
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