Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CASNot a member yet
28529 research outputs found
Sort by
Attachment Security Priming Reduces Risk-Taking and Emotional Responses to Loss
No full textWe examined the effects of attachment security priming on economic risky decisions and their neural underpinnings. Participants were exposed to either attachment security primes (N = 28) or control primes (N = 29) and then completed a gambling task while connected to an electroencephalogram system. We anticipated that attachment security priming would affect risky decision-making at both the behavioral and neural levels. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 components were analyzed. At the behavioral level, participants in the attachment security priming group selected less risky choices than those in the control group. At the neural level, participants exposed to attachment security primes exhibited attenuated FRN but no significant difference in P3 amplitude. The regression analysis showed that small P3 amplitude predicted large risk-taking tendencies in the control priming group, whereas P3 amplitude did not significantly predict risk-taking tendencies in the attachment security priming group. These findings suggest how boosted attachment security affects economic risky decisions: It lowers people's affective reactions to undesirable outcomes and buffers people's underestimation of the outcome salience. Specifically, attachment security seems to attenuate risk-taking by preventing people from down playing the significance of outcomes. Our findings extend existing knowledge by demonstrating attachment security priming ability to reduce risk-taking tendencies beyond naturalistic to economic decisions.</p
The Relationship Among Range Adaptation, Social Anhedonia, and Social Functioning: A Combined Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Resting-State fMRI Study
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Social anhedonia is a core feature of schizotypy and correlates significantly with social functioning and range adaptation. Range adaptation refers to representing a stimulus value based on its relative position in the range of pre-experienced values. This study aimed to examine the resting-state neural correlates of range adaptation and its associations with social anhedonia and social functioning.Study Design In study 1, 60 participants completed resting-state magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fMRI scans. Range adaptation was assessed by a valid effort-based decision-making paradigm. Self-reported questionnaires was used to measure social anhedonia and social functioning. Study 2 utilized 26 pairs of participants with high (HSoA) and low levels of social anhedonia (LSoA) to examine the group difference in range adaptation's neural correlates and its relationship with social anhedonia and social functioning. An independent sample of 40 pairs of HSoA and LSoA was used to verify the findings.Study Results Study 1 showed that range adaptation correlated with excitation-inhibition balance (EIB) and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC) functional connectivity, which in turn correlating positively with social functioning. Range adaptation was specifically determined by the EIB via mediation of ventral-medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivities. Study 2 found HSoA and LSoA participants exhibiting comparable EIB and vPFC connectivities. However, EIB and vPFC connectivities were negatively correlated with social anhedonia and social functioning in HSoA participants.Conclusions EIB and vPFC functional connectivity is putative neural correlates for range adaptation. Such neural correlates are associated with social anhedonia and social functioning
Shared and Unique Neural Codes for Biological Motion Perception in Humans and Macaque Monkeys
No full textThroughout evolution, living organisms have honed the ability to swiftly recognize biological motion (BM) across species. However, how the brain processes within- and cross-species BM, and the evolutionary progression of these processes, remain unclear. To investigate these questions, the current study examined brain activity in the lateral temporal areas of humans and monkeys as they passively observed upright and inverted human and macaque BM stimuli. In humans, the middle temporal area (hMT+) responded to both human and macaque BM stimuli, while the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (hpSTS) exhibited selective responses to human BM stimuli. This selectivity is evidenced by an increased feedforward connection from hMT+ to hpSTS during the processing of human BM stimuli. In monkeys, the MT region processed BM stimuli from both species, but no subregion in the STS anterior to MT is specific to conspecific BM stimuli. A comparison of these findings suggests that upstream brain regions (i.e., MT) may retain homologous functions across species, while downstream brain regions (i.e., STS) may have undergone differentiation and specialization throughout evolution. These results provide insights into the commonalities and differences in the specialized visual pathway engaged in processing within- and cross-species BMs, as well as their functional divergence during evolution
Effects of Mindful Breathing Exercise on Attention Bias in Chinese College Students With Sub-Threshold Depression
No full textObjectives The attention bias of people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with difficulty disengaging from negative stimuli (e.g., images of sad faces). However, the mechanism of attention bias in individuals with sub-threshold depression (sD) is less studied. The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of attention bias in sD group and the effects of mindful breathing exercise as a possible intervention method. Method A dot probe task, which measures attention by presenting dot probes following emotional and neutral stimuli, was used. It provides three indices based on reaction time: the bias index (BI) indicates if the participant has attention bias towards emotional stimuli; the orientation index (OI) indicates if the participant has faster reaction towards emotional stimuli, and the disengagement difficulty index (DI) indicates if the participant has more attention dwell time thus more difficulty disengaging from emotional stimuli. Facial images displaying sad, fearful, happy, and neutral expressions were used as stimuli. In Study 1, a comparison was made between sD group (n = 30) and healthy control (HC) group (n = 28); in Study 2, a comparison between two sD groups, the intervention group (n = 23) completed a 20-day mindful breathing exercise (15 min per day) and the control group (n = 22) did not. Dot probe tasks were done before and after the intervention. Results In Study 1, the sD group had greater attention bias index (BI) (p < 0.05), and greater disengagement difficulty index (DI) to a marginal extent (p = 0.07) towards sad faces than the HC group; In Study 2 post-test, the BI (p < 0.05) and DI (p < 0.05) of the intervention group towards sad faces were significantly smaller than the control group. Conclusions Individuals with sub-threshold depression have negative attention bias associated with attention disengagement difficulty towards sad faces; a 20-day mindful breathing exercise reduces the attention bias and the associated attention disengagement difficulty towards sad faces
Effects of Mindful Breathing Exercise on Attention Bias in Chinese College Students With Sub-Threshold Depression
No full textObjectives The attention bias of people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with difficulty disengaging from negative stimuli (e.g., images of sad faces). However, the mechanism of attention bias in individuals with sub-threshold depression (sD) is less studied. The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of attention bias in sD group and the effects of mindful breathing exercise as a possible intervention method. Method A dot probe task, which measures attention by presenting dot probes following emotional and neutral stimuli, was used. It provides three indices based on reaction time: the bias index (BI) indicates if the participant has attention bias towards emotional stimuli; the orientation index (OI) indicates if the participant has faster reaction towards emotional stimuli, and the disengagement difficulty index (DI) indicates if the participant has more attention dwell time thus more difficulty disengaging from emotional stimuli. Facial images displaying sad, fearful, happy, and neutral expressions were used as stimuli. In Study 1, a comparison was made between sD group (n = 30) and healthy control (HC) group (n = 28); in Study 2, a comparison between two sD groups, the intervention group (n = 23) completed a 20-day mindful breathing exercise (15 min per day) and the control group (n = 22) did not. Dot probe tasks were done before and after the intervention. Results In Study 1, the sD group had greater attention bias index (BI) (p < 0.05), and greater disengagement difficulty index (DI) to a marginal extent (p = 0.07) towards sad faces than the HC group; In Study 2 post-test, the BI (p < 0.05) and DI (p < 0.05) of the intervention group towards sad faces were significantly smaller than the control group. Conclusions Individuals with sub-threshold depression have negative attention bias associated with attention disengagement difficulty towards sad faces; a 20-day mindful breathing exercise reduces the attention bias and the associated attention disengagement difficulty towards sad faces.</p
The Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Depression in Early Adulthood: The Roles of Resilience and Personality Type
No full textBackground: The relationship between childhood trauma and depression in early adulthood is complex and influenced by factors such as resilience and personality type. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of resilience and the moderating role of personality types in this relationship. Methods: A total of 1059 undergraduates (mean age = 19.87 +/- 1.82 years; 48.1% men, 51.9% women) were surveyed. The Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI) was used to assess the personality dimensions of the participants, which were further analyzed using latent profile analysis (LPA). Childhood trauma experiences were evaluated using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), while resilience was measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). All scales demonstrated high reliability and validity. Results: The findings indicated a positive correlation between childhood trauma and depression, mediated by resilience. Personality types moderated this mediation, with significant indirect effects observed only for individuals categorized as Type 2. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the mechanisms of depression in early adulthood, suggesting that an intervention targeting resilience and considering personality type may be beneficial. The result highlight the importance of a human-centered approach in understanding the interaction among personality traits and their potential moderating effect on the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms
Adaptation of the virtual assessment of mentalizing ability and evaluation of its utility and psychometric properties in Chinese individuals on the schizophrenia spectrum
No full textSchizophrenia is associated with impairments in theory of mind (ToM), the ability to understand and attribute mental states. However, the nature of the deficits across ToM subconstructs (viz., first- and second-order cognitive ToM, and first- and second-order affective ToM) remains unclear, partly due to assessment issues. The current study aimed to first adapt an ecologically valid ToM assessment tool, namely, the Virtual Assessment of Mentalizing Ability (VAMA), for use among healthy Chinese individuals (Study 1). We then compared 39 schizophrenia patients with 37 controls, and 48 individuals with high social anhedonia (SA) with 54 individuals with low SA (Study 2) using the adapted version of VAMA and Yoni Task. Results of Study 1 showed that the adapted VAMA demonstrated acceptable reliability (item-total correlation and test-retest reliability for total score, r = 0.731, pFDR < 0.01) and construct validity (main effect of Order and Type). In Study 2, schizophrenia patients performed significantly worse than controls, making more "hypermentalizing" and "no mentalizing" ToM errors. Moreover, hypermentalizing error in the patient group was found to be significantly associated with their negative symptoms (r = 0.388, pFDR < 0.05). Interestingly, the VAMA results differed from those of the Yoni Task, possibly due to differences in task complexity. Finally, individuals with high SA showed impairments in second-order cognitive ToM compared to the controls. Overall, our findings suggest that the VAMA can be adapted for use in China, and is sensitive to ToM impairments in clinical and at-risk groups. Limitations on the psychometric properties were discussed.</p
Clan Strength and Gender Imbalance: The Mediating Role of the "Zhaodi" Ratio
No full text目的：探讨宗族文化与性别比的关系以及“招娣/弟”比例的中介作用。方法：采用档案分析法获取“招娣/弟”比例，用祠堂比例和家谱比例作为衡量宗族文化的两个指标，基于2020年第七次人口普查数据来获取性别比，对中国31个省的数据进行分析。结果：（1）宗族文化的两个指标祠堂比例与家谱比例、性别比和“招娣/弟”比例两两之间呈显著正相关。（2）“招娣/弟”比例在宗族文化与性别比关系中的中介作用显著。结论：“招娣/弟”比例能够中介宗族文化和性别比的关系。家谱比例和祠堂比例所反映的宗族文化通过塑造人们的性别价值观和性别偏好影响人口结构中的性别比例。</p
Relationship between Individual Bullying Victimization and Mental Health in Vocational High School Students: The Moderating Role of Class-level Bullying Victimization
No full text目的：探索中职生个体和班级平均受欺负水平与心理健康之间的关系。方法：采用同伴欺凌量表、流调中心抑郁量表（简版）、生活满意度量表，在上海市两所职业学校开展问卷调查，共包含32个班级882名学生。结果：（1）中职生个体层次、班级层次受欺负水平与抑郁症状正相关，与生活满意度负相关。（2）班级层次受欺负水平削弱了中职生个体层次受欺负和心理健康之间的联系。对于遭受严重欺凌的受害者，处于低受欺负水平的班级比处于高受欺负水平的班级，表现出更差的心理健康水平。结论：“健康环境悖论”在中职生群体中具有适用性，个体和班级的受欺负水平均会对中职生心理健康带来负面影响。</p
Junior school students' friendship quality and smartphone addiction: a mediating role of self-compassion
No full text目的:探究初中生友谊质量和智能手机依赖的关系，以及自我关怀能力的作用。方法:研究对象为来自广东省的四所中学（城市3所，农村1所）的1492名非住宿制初中生。采用友谊质量问卷、青少年版自我关怀问卷和智能手机依赖量表简版，分别测量被试的友谊质量、自我关怀能力和智能手机依赖程度。分析上述各变量的相关性以及性别差异，并建立中介模型，考察自我关怀在友谊质量和智能手机依赖中的中介效应。结果:①友谊质量与自我关怀能力呈正相关（r = 0.244，P < 0.001），自我关怀能力与智能手机依赖程度呈负相关（r = -0.233， P < 0.001）；友谊质量总分与智能手机依赖的相关性无统计学意义，但其消极维度与智能手机依赖呈显著负相关（r = -0.193， P < 0.001）;②青少年的消极友谊、自我关怀存在显著性别差异（t=-2.85， P=0.004; t=4.89，P<0.001）③中介模型结果显示，自我关怀在消极友谊维度和智能手机依赖的关系中起部分中介效应（a*b = -0.113， 95%CI[ -0.169，-0.065]）结论:青少年的消极友谊可预测智能手机依赖，其作用是部分地通过影响自我关怀水平实现的。在预防青少年智能手机依赖问题上，须重点关注其消极友谊，同时还要提高其自我关怀能力。</p
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CAS? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!