Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The Relationship Between Co-rumination and Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textNumerous studies have explored the link between co-rumination and depressive symptoms, but a consensus remains elusive. This study proposes a dual-pathway model to explain this relationship through a "positive path" (adaptive response) and a "negative path" (distress response). It also conducts a meta-analysis to evaluate the exact association between co-rumination and depressive symptoms in children, adolescents, and young adults. A total of 66 studies (27,794 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. In this study, the main effect test revealed a significant positive correlation between co-rumination and depressive symptoms (n = 70; r = 0.128; 95% CI = 0.106 to 0.150). Moreover, age was found to be a significant moderator. Specifically, the association between co-rumination and depressive symptoms was weaker in adolescents compared to undergraduates and adults. In addition, measure of co-rumination was identified as an important moderator, showing marginal significance. The association was stronger when using the original Co-Rumination Questionnaire compared to other versions and code methods. Finally, the relationship between co-rumination and depressive symptoms was not moderated by gender, measure of depressive symptoms, publication year, study quality, or simple size. The current study reveals the positive association between co-rumination and depressive symptoms while highlighting both the positive and negative trade-offs of co-rumination.</p
Study on the Intervention Effect of High-precision tDCS on the Irrational Decision-making Behavior of Internet Addicts
No full text研究发现网络成瘾者存在严重的“忽视长期利益、追求短期利益”的非理性决策行为.采用高精度tDCS技术干预网瘾被试和对照组，对比两组在最后通牒任务中的拒绝率和相应的反应时，发现单次20 min的右背外侧前额叶阳性刺激可以显著降低网瘾被试的拒绝率，并缩短其反应时间.研究结果说明，不仅单次高精度tDCS可促进网瘾者非理性决策行为的改善，而且通过干预关键脑区，即使是神经环路复杂的决策这一高级社会认知，高精度tDCS也可以实现对于决策整体加工的促进作用.因此，从其短时高效的作用效果出发，高精度tDCS未来可以考虑作为网瘾甚至更多其他病症的有效干预方法之一.</p
Higher refresh rate does not necessarily improve scrolling experience on mobile phones
No full textThe present study explored how different refresh rates affect the scrolling experience on mobile phones. Users (N = 76) completed two out of three scrolling tasks involving texts and/or images, with refresh rate set at 60, 90, or 120 Hz. Users were required to rate the perceived smoothness and levels of jittering at each refresh rate and detect if there was a perceivable change in refresh rates while scrolling. The results showed that refresh rates of 90 and 120 Hz enhanced perceived smoothness and reduced screen jittering compared to 60 Hz, with minimal differences observed between 90 and 120 Hz across most tasks. Moreover, users showed greater sensitivity to changes in refresh rate between 60 Hz and higher values than to changes within the 90 Hz to 120 Hz range, with this difference being more pronounced when the refresh rate decreased. Additionally, users displayed a more conservative response bias toward refresh rate decreases compared to increases in the specific scrolling task. These findings shed light on users’ perceptual experience of scrolling with various refresh rates, and offer useful design guidelines for optimising the screen display of mobile devices.</p
Inhibition of the basolateral amygdala to prelimbic cortex pathway enhances risk-taking during risky decision-making shock task in rats
No full textMany animal studies have explored decision-making under risk and punishment, particularly regarding potential rewards, but less focus has been placed on contexts involving net losses. Understanding decision-making under net loss conditions can shed light on the neural mechanisms involved. The basolateral amygdala to prelimbic cortex (BLA-*PL) pathway is crucial for risky decision-making. In this study, we investigated how rats make decisions under no-reward but shock conditions, specifically examining the role of the BLA-*PL pathway. In the risky decision-making shock task (RDST), rats chose between a "small/certain" lever, which consistently delivered one pellet, and a "large/risky" lever, offering variable rewards with a 50 % probability of reward and a 50 % probability of 1-s foot-shock. The results showed that the shock condition decreased the preference for the large/ risky lever, despite increasing rewards. Importantly, inhibiting the BLA-*PL pathway significantly increased the selection of the "large/risky" lever compared to the control. Although rats in the clozapine N-oxide (CNO) group did not exhibit significant differences in response latency between levers, they exhibited heightened sensitivity to rewards and losses, suggesting that the BLA-*PL pathway affects the encoding of the relationship between aversive stimuli and reward-seeking. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of risk-taking, particularly regarding how inhibition in the BLA-*PL pathway can influence reward processing and decision-making under no-reward but shock conditions, with implications for understanding risk-related psychiatric disorders
COGNITIVE ENHANCING EFFECT OF RTMS COMBINED WITH TDCS IN PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED, SHAM-CONTROLLED STUDY
No full textEmotion regulation repertoires predict the risk of major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: Few studies explored emotion regulation (ER) repertoires (the tendency to utilize multiple ER strategies in different contexts) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). It remains unclear to what extent ER repertoires can assess the risk of MDD and other psychiatric disorders. Method: Three subsamples including 1397 non-clinical individuals, 135 MDD patients, and 127 healthy controls (HCs) were combined to explore ER repertoires. We further built classifiers of ER repertoires to distinguish MDD patients from HCs, and additionally examined its performance based on published studies (total N = 4918). Results: Adaptive, average, maladaptive, and intensely maladaptive repertoires were identified. The classifier based on ER repertoires effectively distinguished MDD patients from HCs, demonstrating an AUC of 0.803 (SD = 0.067). Additionally, the classifier exhibited discriminatory power for various psychopathologies in published studies, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, and personality disorders (AUC: 0.616-0.779). Limitations: Future studies should investigate the longitudinal influence of ER repertoires on the development of psychopathologies. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an individual's ER repertoire is a critical psychopathological risk that can serve as a valuable indicator for assessing risk and imply the potential utility of reforming ER repertoire
Default Mode Network, Disorganization, and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Disorganized thinking is a prominent feature of schizophrenia that becomes persistent in the presence of treatment resistance. Disruption of the default mode network (DMN), which regulates self-referential thinking, is now a well-established feature of schizophrenia. However, we do not know if DMN disruption affects disorganization and contributes to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS).Study Design This study investigated the DMN in 48 TRS, 76 non-TRS, and 64 healthy controls (HC) using a spatiotemporal approach with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We recovered DMN as an integrated network using multivariate group independent component analysis and estimated its loading coefficient (reflecting spatial prominence) and Shannon Entropy (reflecting temporal variability). Additionally, voxel-level analyses were conducted to examine network homogeneity and entropy within the DMN. We explored the relationship between DMN measures and disorganization using regression analysis.Results TRS had higher spatial loading on population-level DMN pattern, but lower entropy compared to HC. Non-TRS patients showed intermediate DMN alterations, not significantly differing from either TRS or HC. No voxel-level differences were noted between TRS and non-TRS, emphasizing the continuum between the two groups. DMN's loading coefficient was higher in patients with more severe disorganization.Conclusions TRS may represent the most severe end of a spectrum of spatiotemporal DMN dysfunction in schizophrenia. While excessive spatial contribution of the DMN (high loading coefficient) is specifically associated with disorganization, both excessive spatial contribution and exaggerated temporal stability of DMN are features of schizophrenia that become more pronounced with refractoriness to first-line treatments.</p
Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of autistic features in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a large scale cross-sectional study
No full textObjectiveSex differences have been suggested in both schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of autistic features in male and female patients with chronic SCZ.MethodsA total of 1690 chronic SCZ patients (M/F: 1122/568) were recruited from ten psychiatric hospitals in China. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Autism Severity Score and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were utilised to assess the presence of autistic features and measure cognitive function, respectively.ResultsFemale SCZ patients had a higher prevalence of autistic features than male SCZ patients. In male patients, those with autistic features exhibited higher illness duration and RBANS scores, but lower years of education. Whereas in female patients, those with autistic features had higher RBANS scores, but lower years of education. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that years of education, illness duration, visuospatial/constructional abilities, and language were correlated with autistic features in male patients. In female patients, years of education, language, and delayed memory were correlated with the presence of autistic features.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that sex differences exist in the prevalence and clinical correlates of autistic features in chronic SCZ patients
A simple clustering approach to map the human brain's cortical semantic network organization during task
No full textConstructing task-state large-scale brain networks can enhance our understanding of the organization of brain functions during cognitive tasks. The primary goal of brain network partitioning is to cluster functionally homogeneous brain regions. However, a brain region often serves multiple cognitive functions, complicating the partitioning process. This study proposes a novel clustering method for partitioning large-scale brain networks based on specific cognitive functions, selecting semantic representation as the target cognitive function to evaluate the validity of the proposed method. Specifically, we analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 11 subjects, each exposed to 672 concepts, and correlated this with semantic rating data related to these concepts. We identified distinct semantic networks based on the concept comprehension task and validated the robustness of our network partitioning through multiple methods. We found that the semantic networks derived from multidimensional semantic activation clustering exhibit high reliability and crosssemantic model consistency (semantic ratings and word embeddings extracted from GPT-2), particularly in networks associated with high semantic functions. Moreover, these semantic networks exhibits significant differences from the resting-state and task-based brain networks obtained using traditional methods. Further analysis revealed functional differences between semantic networks, including disparities in their multidimensional semantic representation capabilities, differences in the information modalities they rely on to acquire semantic information, and varying associations with general cognitive domains. This study introduces a novel approach for analyzing brain networks tailored to specific cognitive functions, establishing a standard semantic parcellation with seven networks for future research, potentially enriching our understanding of complex cognitive processes and their neural bases.</p
Structural brain changes in the anterior cingulate cortex of major depressive disorder individuals with suicidal ideation: Evidence from the REST-meta-MDD project
No full textBackground. Suicidal ideation (SI) is very common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region may be associated with SI in MDD patients. This study aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms of SI in MDD patients by analyzing changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in brain structures in the ACC region, which has not been adequately studied to date. Methods. According to the REST-meta-MDD project, this study subjects consisted of 235 healthy controls and 246 MDD patients, including 123 MDD patients with and 123 without SI, and their structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether there was a correlation between GMV of ACC and SI in MDD patients. Results. MDD patients with SI had higher HAMD scores and greater GMV in bilateral ACC compared to MDD patients without SI (all p < 0.001). GMV of bilateral ACC was positively correlated with SI in MDD patients and entered the regression equation in the subsequent logistic regression analysis. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that GMV of ACC may be associated with SI in patients with MDD and is a sensitive biomarker of SI.</p
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