Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Enhanced Speech Emotion Recognition in Noisy Environments: Adaptive Emotion Denoising Diffusion Approach With Iterative Confidence Learning Strategy
No full textSpeech emotion recognition (SER) in noisy environments is challenging due to the overlap of emotional cues with background noise. This article proposes a novel approach to transfer emotional information from clean to noisy speech, ensuring robust recognition even in adverse conditions. First, 3-D multiresolution modulated filtered cochleogram features are extracted to capture dynamic emotional information, while delta and delta-delta features enhance emotional dynamics in both time and frequency domains. Additionally, the Emotional BiMamba Encoder, utilizing bidirectional parallel processing through the Multitime View Bidirectional state-space model is designed to capture complex emotional patterns across temporal scales, preserving short- and long-term dependencies. Next, the adaptive emotion denoising diffusion (AEDD) based on a diffusion-denoising probabilistic model, applies confidence filtering to select representative emotional segments and transfer emotional information from clean to noisy speech, addressing noisy emotional data scarcity. Finally, the iterative confidence learning strategy (ICLS) enhances the classification network (CN) through a two-stage learning process, progressively adapting CN to noisy feature distributions while ensuring consistency during diffusion. The experimental results show significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods on three datasets: on interactive emotion dynamics capture (IEMOCAP), weighted accuracy (WA) increases by 5.07%, unweighted accuracy (UA) by 5.23%, and weighted average F1 (WF1) by 5.44%; on Chinese Academy of Sciences Automation Institute of Automation (CASIA), WA and UA rise by 2.72%, and WF1 by 2.23%; and on Berlin German Emotion Speech Bank (EMODB), WA improves by 3.46%, UA by 3.23%, and WF1 by 3.45%. These consistent gains across different signal-to-noise ratios further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method
The impacts of nonnegative doctor portrayals on public evaluations and professional attractiveness in medicine
No full textThis study explores the impacts of four common nonnegative media portrayals of doctors (i.e., science experts, angels in white, white-coated warriors, and vulnerable groups) on public evaluations (i.e.,stereotype content, emotional responses, and trust) and professional attractiveness (i.e.,willingness to marry or encourage child to become a doctor). Study 1 (N = 216) featured a between-participants design, revealing that the warrior and angel portrayals both led to more favourable ratings for warmth, competence, morality, admiration, reduced contempt, and trust than were observed in the control group. The warrior portrayal consistently received the highest scores in most dimensions, including professional attractiveness. The expert portrayal notably enhanced competence evaluations and reduced contempt, whereas the vulnerable portrayal elicited higher levels of sympathy but was associated with the lowest scores in most other dimensions. Study 2 (N = 320) featured a 3 (portrayal type; within-participants) x 6 (sequence; between-participants) mixed design, revealing that presentation order moderated the effects of such portrayals. The most effective sequence, angel-expert-vulnerable, elicited the highest overall evaluations, whereas the angel-vulnerable-expert sequence was least effective. These findings suggest that not only content but also sequence of portrayals can shape public attitudes towards doctors, thus highlighting relevant implications for health communication and media strategies.</p
Study of the interaction mechanism of aroma components in Baijiu and associated brain response microstates
No full textThe complex aroma of Baijiu is influenced by the interactions of various flavor compounds. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations and headspace solid-phase microextraction to both simulate and validate the interaction mechanisms between two key aroma compounds in Baijiu: ethyl caprylate and ethyl acetate. The findings indicate that a reduction in electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces enhances the volatility of these compounds within Baijiu. Electroencephalography microstate analysis revealed distinct neural responses to the aroma compounds in Baijiu. In the ethyl caprylate group, the frequency of occurrence for all microstate classes significantly decreased, whereas their duration significantly increased. In the ethyl acetate group, the duration and coverage ratio of microstate C significantly decreased, whereas all parameters of microstate D significantly increased. In the mixed aroma group, all parameters of microstate classes A and D significantly increased, whereas those of class B significantly decreased. These results suggest that brain microstate activity reflects the millisecond-level temporal dynamics associated with Baijiu flavor perception
Chinese Face and Body Dataset (CFBD): Lab and personal photos of the same individuals
No full textFace stimuli used in face perception research often focus on between-model variability, underrepresenting within-model variability across conditions and time. However, exposure to within-model variability is crucial for developing stable representations of faces. Here, we introduce the Chinese Face and Body Dataset (CFBD), a publicly accessible resource that captures within-model variability to represent a broad spectrum of appearance and image variations in laboratory and natural settings. The CFBD comprises 2,195 images from 117 models, including both laboratory photos taken by researchers and personal photos donated by models. Each model is depicted in 10 to 31 photos, coded for attributes such as the time photos were taken, facial expressions, viewing angles, and environmental contexts. Independent participants also rated these photos based on facial attractiveness, trustworthiness, and distinctiveness. The results revealed that the CFBD captures a wide range of variations across appearances and image attributes, and the within-model variances in trait ratings are comparable to, if not greater than, the between-model variances. Moreover, within-model variances in the trait ratings differ by image type, with personal photos being rated as more attractive, distinctive, and trustworthy than their laboratory counterparts. By capturing a diverse range of appearances and images of Chinese individuals, the CFBD provides valuable resources that expand face datasets, potentially advancing our understanding of robust face representation.</p
Targeting the glymphatic system: Aβ accumulation and phototherapy strategies across different stages of Alzheimer's disease
No full textThe glymphatic system serves as the brain's clearance system. It deteriorates with age and is a significant contributor to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Modulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based clearance and targeting key components of the glymphatic system, such as aquaporin-4, can enhance amyloid-beta (A beta) clearance. Light therapy is emerging as a potential AD treatment approach, which involves the use of visible and near-infrared light at specific wavelengths (630/680/808/850/1070 nm), photosensitive proteins, and sensory stimulation at particular frequencies (e.g., 40 Hz). This phototherapy strategy can broadly influence the intracerebral fluid dynamics, including cerebral blood flow, CSF, and interstitial fluid (ISF), as well as structures related to the glymphatic system, such as vascular endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons. Additionally, it may directly or indirectly inhibit A beta accumulation by modulating endogenous small molecules, thereby improving cognitive function. Our previous research demonstrated that 630-nm red light can inhibit A beta cross-linking by clearing endogenous formaldehyde and promoting ISF drainage. Notably, A beta accumulation exhibits distinct characteristics at different phases of AD, accompanied by varying features of glymphatic system impairment. In the early stages, deep brain regions are significantly affected, whereas in the late stages, accumulation primarily occurs in the paracentral, precentral, and postcentral cortices. Owing to the limited penetration depth of light, this may pose a challenge to the clinical efficacy of phototherapy. Therefore, different stages of AD may require tailored phototherapeutic strategies. Meanwhile, it is important to acknowledge the ongoing controversies associated with lymphovenous anastomosis, a procedure that targets the glymphatic system. Therefore, this article reviews the characteristics of glymphatic system impairment across various AD stages and the mechanisms by which effective phototherapies modulate the glymphatic system. Potential phototherapeutic strategies corresponding to different stages of A beta accumulation are also proposed
The impact of speech strategies on prosocial driving
No full text减少交通事故数量，促进道路交通安全一直是全球关注的重点问题。亲社会驾驶行为有助于减少交通事故和交通违规，促进亲社会驾驶行为已成为交通安全领域的重要议题。随着驾驶辅助系统的发展及其覆盖率的提高，驾驶员的驾驶环境发生了显著变化。在驾驶过程中，驾驶员接收的语音信息对其行为有着重要影响，特别是语音提示的内容与风格，会直接影响驾驶员的决策和行为反应。然而，目前车载系统的语音提示风格多样，如何设计语音提示以更有效地促进亲社会驾驶行为，仍需进一步研究与验证。此外，语音交互设计必须考虑驾驶员的情绪状态，尤其是愤怒情绪，因为这类情绪会对驾驶行为产生负面影响，增加交通事故 的风险。因此，本研究旨在探讨不同语音交互策略对亲社会驾驶行为的影响，重点关注驾驶员在日常和愤怒情绪下，哪种语音策略能更有效地引导出更安全、亲社会的驾驶决策。研究还进一步比较了人机交互与人际交互在不同情境下的效果差异，以评估语音策略的驾驶辅助系统是否能够达到甚至替代人类提醒的效果，从而为智能驾驶系统的设计提供更具实用性的参考和指导。
研究一通过问卷调查探究日常和愤怒状态下，语音交互策略对亲社会驾驶意愿的影响，共招募 604 名被试，301 名为日常状态组，303 名为愤怒状态组。结果发现，感谢策略对于促进亲社会驾驶意愿效果最好，依次是共情、无策略、无语音提示组，命令策略效果最差，有消极作用。对于驾驶辅助系统评价，感谢策略积极评价最高，其次是共情和无策略，命令策略积极评价最低。
研究二采用驾驶模拟器实验，通过模拟真实的驾驶情境，评估驾驶员在不同语音交互策略下的亲社会驾驶行为表现和主观体验，以及情绪状态的影响，同时对比人机交互和人际交互的效果。结果发现，感谢策略对于促进亲社会驾驶行为，增加让行率，降低纵向速度方面效果最好，尤其是在愤怒状态下更为突出，其次是共情策略，相比于其他策略，命令策略效果最差。
本研究将为驾驶辅助系统的设计提供重要的理论和实践依据。通过揭示不同情绪状态下，语音交互策略对亲社会驾驶行为的影响，可以为开发更智能、更具人性化的驾驶辅助系统提供参考，尤其是能够在紧急或情绪化的驾驶情境下，有效干预驾驶员行为，促进道路安全。同时，本研究也将为人机交互领域提供新的实证数据，探索人工智能与人类之间互动机制的潜在复杂性。</p
Patterns of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Childhood Trauma and Their Correlations with Positive Psychological Functioning
No full textWhile previous studies have acknowledged the distinction between complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a critical research gap exists in examining the differences in positive functioning between these two disorders. This study addresses the distinction between CPTSD and PTSD, focusing on positive psychological functioning among Chinese young adults with childhood trauma. PTSD and CPTSD symptoms were measured by the International Trauma Questionnaire. Positive psychological functioning was measured by the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Face Scale. A total of 1393 individuals met the inclusion criteria, including 486 males and 907 females, with an average age of 20.06 years (SD = 1.36). Through latent profile analysis, we revealed a 4-class model comprising the Low symptoms, Disturbance in self-organization disorder (DSO), PTSD, and CPTSD groups. Moreover, the findings revealed that individuals in the PTSD group exhibited the highest levels of both meaning presence and meaning search, followed by the Low symptoms, CPTSD, and DSO groups. Noteworthy, individuals in the CPTSD and DSO groups reported relatively diminished positive psychological functioning. The present study sheds light on the differences in positive adaptation across psychopathological consequences among young Chinese adults with childhood trauma. Generally, this study provided empirical support for the independent diagnosis of CPTSD. Importantly, the CPTSD group and DSO group showed lower positive adaptation compared to the PTSD group, highlighting the profound adverse effects of CPTSD symptoms on daily life
Self-help AI psychological counseling system based on large language models and its effectiveness evaluation
No full text本研究旨在探讨不依赖真实案例数据的前提下,基于大语言模型构建自助式AI心理咨询系统的技术可行性,及其对普通人群心理健康状况的改善效果。研究分为两个阶段:首先,基于零样本学习和思维链提示策略构建了一个自助式AI心理咨询机器人系统;随后,通过招募202名参与者进行为期两周的随机对照试验,评估了该系统的实际应用效果。实验1的结果表明,经提示工程优化后的GPT-4o模型在规范性、专业度、情感理解与共情能力以及一致性与连贯性方面均有显著提升。实验2发现,与控制组相比,使用自助式AI心理咨询机器人的参与者在短期内的抑郁、焦虑和孤独感均有显著改善。特别是,拟人化设计的AI咨询师在缓解孤独感方面表现出显著优势,而非拟人化设计在减轻压力方面效果更为明显。此外,焦虑症状的积极变化在一周后的随访中仍然保持,而其他指标的改善效果则未能持续。本研究初步探索了基于大语言模型的自助式AI心理咨询对心理健康的积极影响,揭示了不同AI设计对特定心理问题的差异化效果,为未来研究和实践提供了参考。</p
Symptom Structure of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Chinese Adolescent Psychosomatic Patients
No full text目的：分析我国青少年群体中复杂性创伤后应激障碍的症状结构。方法：使用创伤史问卷对西南某地级市医院心身医学科门诊866名青少年施测，筛选出具有创伤经历的568人作为有效样本（15.8±2.3岁，女性390人）。采用国际创伤问卷（international trauma questionnaire,ITQ）评估复杂性创伤后应激障碍症状。使用验证性因子分析对4个竞争模型进行检验。结果：验证性因子分析及模型比较的结果显示六因子相关模型优于其它竞争模型。结论：六因子相关模型能更好地反映创伤暴露青少年群体中的复杂性创伤后应激障碍的症状结构。</p
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