Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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运动赋能心灵：科学视角下的“体心脑融合”
No full text<正>长期以来，我们在关注青少年智力开发的同时，对其身体、心理与大脑协同成长的重视程度仍有待提高。如今，随着社会竞争的加剧与生活节奏的加快，青少年心理健康问题逐渐凸显，这使得探寻促进青少年身心健康发展的有效路径变得尤为迫切。运动，作为一种兼具强身健体与提升心理健康的活动方式，正日益受到科学界和教育界的广泛关注。大量神经科学研究表明，运动能重塑大脑，对青少年心理健康有着多维度的积极影响。构建“体心脑融合”的发展模式，能为青少年的健康成长开辟新的道路。</p
Research Framework and Construction Strategies for Child-friendly Cities from the Perspective of Neuro-urbanism
No full text作为城市生活中特殊且弱势的群体，儿童青少年的心理健康状况受到城市环境的深刻影响。该议题近年来受到多学科广泛关注，也成为儿童友好城市建设的重要内容。研究基于神经都市主义视角，挖掘城市环境与儿童青少年大脑发育、神经功能及心理健康之间的复杂关联，从总体特征、绿色空间、土地利用方式等方面剖析了城市环境对儿童青少年心理健康的作用机制；构建“环境—儿童”互动模型框架，提出“物理—生物—心理—社会”四维模型并搭建儿童友好城市研究框架；最后从提升生活环境安全性、完善促进体力活动空间、增加社交活动机会、增强活动场地自然性以及推动从儿童友好到全龄友好等多个维度提出儿童友好城市建设方略。旨在推动构建契合“儿童立场”、“本土实际”和“学科融合”的儿童友好成长空间理论体系与建设范式，促进儿童身心健康发展。</p
Chain mediating effect of psychological capital and core self-evaluation between childhood trauma and social adaptation among vocational students
No full text目的 探索高职生童年期创伤、心理资本、核心自我评价对社会适应的影响及作用机制。方法 2023年11月—2024年5月，以河北省涿州市某职业院校311名学生为调查对象，采用童年期创伤问卷（childhood trauma questionnaire-28 items short form,CTQ-SF）、积极心理资本问卷（positive psycap questionnaire,PPQ）、核心自我评价量表（core self evaluations scale,CSES）和中国大学生适应量表（China college student adjustment scale,CCSAS），通过网络平台分2批进行调查，分析各变量之间的关系。结果 311名高职生童年期创伤、心理资本、核心自我评价和社会适应总分分别为（39.55±9.81）、（116.95±25.57）、（33.12±6.82）和（191.46±34.45）分。童年期创伤与社会适应、心理资本和核心自我评价均呈负相关（r=-0.313、-0.323、-0.372，均P<0.01），心理资本与社会适应、核心自我评价均呈正相关（r=0.783、0.733，均P<0.01），核心自我评价与社会适应呈正相关（r=0.703,P<0.01）。心理资本与核心自我评价均在童年期创伤和社会适应间起中介作用，前者的中介效应值为-0.157，占总效应的61.811%，后者的中介效应值为-0.044，占总效应的17.323%；心理资本与核心自我评价在童年期创伤和社会适应间起链式中介作用，链式中介效应值为-0.053，占总效应的20.866%。结论 对于有童年创伤经历的个体而言，提升其心理资本和核心自我评价是促进社会适应能力提升的有效策略。</p
Partner Phubbing and Relationship Satisfaction: A Moderated Chain Mediation Model
No full text目的：考察伴侣低头行为与亲密关系满意度的关系，消极归因和感知接纳的中介作用以及童年情感忽视的调节作用。方法：采用伴侣低头量表、消极归因量表、感知接纳量表、亲密关系满意度量表和童年情感忽视量表，对563名有伴侣的成人被试施测。结果：（1）伴侣低头行为、消极归因、感知接纳、亲密关系满意度和童年情感忽视两两之间显著相关；（2）消极归因和感知接纳在伴侣低头行为和亲密关系满意度之间起完全链式中介作用；（3）童年情感忽视在中介模型直接路径(伴侣低头行为→亲密关系满意度)、前段(伴侣低头行为→消极归因)和中段(消极归因→感知接纳)起调节作用。高童年情感忽视组，伴侣低头行为对亲密关系满意度的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.17, SE=0.05, P<0.001)，而低童年情感忽视组不显著(β=0.05, SE=0.04, P=0.17)。在中介路径前段，低童年情感忽视组伴侣低头对消极归因的正向预测作用显著(β=0.36, SE=0.04, P<0.001),高童年情感忽视组正向预测作用增强(β=0.51, SE=0.05, P<0.001)。在中介路径中段，低童年情感忽视组，消极归因对感知接纳的负向预测作用显著(β=-0.48, SE=0.04,P<0.001)，高童年情感忽视组负向预测作用增强(β=-0.74, SE=0.04, P<0.001)。结论：消极归因和感知接纳在伴侣低头行为和亲密关系满意度之间起完全链式中介作用，童年情感忽视调节直接路径及部分中介路径。</p
The Relationship Between Couple Neuroticism Matching and Life Satisfaction: A Response Surface Analysis
No full text目的：探究匹配视角下神经质对夫妻双方生活满意度的影响。方法：采用大五人格简版量表中的神经质维度以及一般生活满意度量表对369对夫妻进行调查，并进行响应面分析。结果：（1）相比于伴侣的影响，自身的神经质对生活满意度的负面影响更大;（2）妻子神经质过高时不利于丈夫生活满意度;（3）夫妻神经质的一致性效应不成立。结论：夫妻神经质匹配对丈夫生活满意度的影响表现出一种复杂的模式，而妻子生活满意度更多受到自身神经质的影响。</p
A Shared Mental Model for the Natural Human-Agent Interaction
No full text自然而智能的人机交互是未来人机协同的发展趋势，这就要求智能体具备理解人类意图和实现类人协作的能力。然而，现有认知模型在应对动态性、复杂性和社会性交互需求方面存在局限，难以有效支持自然人-智能体交互系统的设计与评估。因此，基于经典认知模型框架，并结合心理理论等社会认知机制，共享心智模型在感知、认知、行为三大模块的基础上，创新性地引入共享空间模块，构建了包含共同经验、心理理论等模块的多维理论框架。通过共享外部空间的情境同步和共享内部空间的认知对齐，该模型能够动态描述人智交互过程中的协同机制，为设计具有社会智能的交互系统提供理论支撑，并为交互自然性的量化评估与优化提供新思路。</p
The mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression in methamphetamine patients
No full textBackground and objectives: Childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly increases the risk of depression in patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD). However, the underlying psychological mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between CM and depression in patients with MAUD. Methods: We recruited 577 Chinese male inpatients with MAUD. CM, depression, and impulsivity were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Results: A total of 321 of 577 (55.63%) patients with MAUD had experienced at least one form of CM. Maltreated patients exhibited elevated impulsivity and severe depression compared to nonmaltreated patients (both p < .001). CM, impulsivity, and depression were significantly interrelated (all p < .01). In addition, impulsivity partially mediated the CM-depression link in patients with MAUD (beta = .015, 95% CI [0.007, 0.026]). Discussion and conclusions: Our findings indicate that CM has a long-term effect on depression, and impulsivity is an essential contributor to depressive symptoms in patients with MAUD who have experienced CM. Future research should investigate these associations using multimodal approaches and assess focused interventions that may reduce impulsivity and mitigate the psychological impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in patients with MAUD. Scientific significance: We identified impulsivity as a key mechanism in the CM-depression link, offering a novel intervention target. Our findings advance the understanding of the psychological mechanisms in addiction psychiatry and suggest that interventions targeting impulsivity may help mitigate depression in this population.</p
Patterns of adversity childhood experiences from family, peers, and teachers in Chinese adolescents and emerging adults
No full textFamily, peers, and teachers are significant influences in the lives of most individuals. This study examines the differential associations of adversity childhood experiences from family, peers, and teachers with complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in Chinese adolescents and emerging adults. This study involved a total of 5,477 adolescents and 3,995 emerging adults in China, surveyed on two occasions. Participants completed questionnaires assessing family adversity, peer victimization, and teacher maltreatment at T1, as well as CPTSD symptoms and PTG at T2. Four distinct profiles were identified among adolescents: "low risk," "family adversity," "peer adversity," and "multiple adversities," while four profiles emerged among emerging adults: "low risk," "family adversity," "teacher-peer adversity," and "multiple adversities." Both adolescents and emerging adults in the "low risk" group reported the lowest levels of CPTSD symptoms and the highest levels of PTG. Conversely, among adolescents, the "multiple adversities" and "peer adversity" groups showed the highest CPTSD symptoms, while the "family adversity" group reported the lowest PTG. Among emerging adults, the "multiple adversities" had the highest CPTSD symptoms, and both "multiple adversities" and "family adversity" groups showed the lowest PTG. The study highlights the differential impact of distinct adversity childhood experience sources on CPTSD symptoms and PTG in Chinese adolescents and emerging adults.</p
How Visual Imagery Representations Are Formed: Through Suppression, Not Activation
No full textVoluntary imagery is described as "weak perception" and is thought to be represented through activating the neurons corresponding to imagined features, that is, activation hypothesis. However, direct evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Inspired by Pace et al. (2023), we examine an alternative suppression hypothesis, which states imagery involves suppression of neurons favoring nearby nonimagined features. While the activation hypothesis predicts a bell-shaped tuning curve of the neural representation for the imagined feature, the suppression hypothesis predicts a W-shaped tuning curve. To test these two hypotheses, we combined an imagery task with a discrimination task following the logic that different imagery-induced tuning curves would differently bias the perceived difference in the discrimination task. We probed the bias pattern by systematically manipulating the physical orientation difference and the discrimination-imagery relation condition. A series of psychophysical experiments were conducted. Results showed that after an imagery prior, bias pattern in the discrimination task followed the prediction of suppression hypothesis (Experiment 1a). By contrast, when substituting the imagery prior with a strong/weak perceptual prior, bias pattern was consistent with the prediction of activation hypothesis (Experiments 2a and 2b). Confounding effects of visual attention and perceptual imagery cue were excluded (Experiments 1b and 1c). We further constructed mathematical models and again validated our findings. In conclusion, behavioral and modeling results coherently suggested that the suppression hypothesis was a better explanation for imagery than the activation hypothesis. Our study challenges the traditional activation theory and provides novel empirical evidence for the suppressive representation of voluntary visual imagery
Theory of Mind Development in Children With Congenital Visual Impairment: Role of Visual Impairment and Verbal Ability
No full textThis study aims to explore the theory of mind (ToM) status in individuals with congenital visual impairment (CVI) and identify key predictive factors. For Study 1, the false-belief task was used to assess ToM ability in children aged 7-10 years (60 with normal sight, 33 with legal blindness, and 23 with total blindness). The results showed that children with total blindness had significantly lower false-belief scores than sighted children, with those with legal blindness performing in between. In the first-order false-belief task, verbal ability only moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children. Meanwhile, in the second-order false-belief task, verbal ability moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children and between children with legal blindness and sighted children. For Study 2, the faux pas task was used to examine the roles of age, residual vision, and verbal ability in ToM development among 166 adolescents aged 7-19 years with CVI. While age and verbal ability significantly predicted ToM development, residual vision had no significant predictive effect. In conclusion, compared with sighted children, those with CVI show delayed ToM development, though children with legal blindness perform better than those with total blindness. Age and verbal ability are key predictors of ToM development in children with CVI. Thus, in the early stages of ToM development, maximizing the use of residual vision and other senses is crucial. Further, enhancing verbal abilities, such as through using mental state terms in conversations and reading literary works, can mitigate the negative impact of CVI. Finally, intervention strategies should be tailored to age characteristics
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