Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Parents vs. partners: Whom do individuals prioritize in decision making?
No full textIn everyday life, individuals often face decision-making dilemmas involving the balancing of the interests of close family members such as parents and partners. This conflict is particularly prominent in societies like China, which emphasize filial piety. While previous studies revealed a parental preference in zero sum contexts, the current study explored how Chinese adults make decisions between their parents and partners in non-zero-sum contexts. Participants (N = 195, ages ranged from 19-53 years) completed the Columbia Card Task, in which participants needed to choose to flip a card (either a gain card or a loss card) or pass in two conditions: parent gains/partner losses and partner gains/parent losses. Particularly, the gains for one party did not necessarily mean equal losses for the other party. If participants prioritized one party, they would flip more often in the condition where that party was the beneficiary. We also examined whether age, gender, relationship stage, as well as relationship quality with parents and partner would moderate the preferences. Results indicated that Chinese adults did demonstrate a preference to prioritize their parents in non-zero-sum decision-making contexts. Moreover, only parent relationship quality significantly moderated the preference: individuals who had average to high levels of relationship quality with parents prioritized their parents, while those with worse relationships with parents considered both parentsand partners equally. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of decision-making process between intergenerational and romantic relationships, shedding light on the complex interplay of cultural values and relationship dynamics in shaping adults' relational priorities.</p
The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment Experiences on Emotion Regulation in Chinese Methamphetamine-Dependent Inpatients: A Mediation Model
No full textChildhood maltreatment increases the risk of drug dependency by affecting emotion regulation. However, the relationship between childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, rumination and impulsive behaviour remains unclear. This study examined the mediating role of rumination and impulsivity in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation among methamphetamine-dependent inpatients (MDIs). A total of 592 male MDIs were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants provided sociodemographic information and completed assessments using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Responses Scale (NH-RRS), SUPPS-P Impulsivity Behaviour Scale (SUPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DER). Of the 592 inpatients, 56.4% reported experiencing childhood maltreatment. Compared to nonmaltreated patients, those who experienced childhood maltreatment were more likely to be unmarried, have hypertension, exhibit greater self-motivation for detoxification, and report higher levels of suicidal ideation. They also demonstrated poorer emotion regulation. Additionally, rumination mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotion regulation. Our findings suggest a significant association between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotion regulation in MDIs, with rumination serving as a key mediator of this relationship.</p
How AI Alleviates Woes: The Impact of Chatbot Relational Cues on Emotional Interaction Experiences
No full textThe relationship between humans and AI has evolved into a phase of deep integration, with the latest generation of text-based chatbots increasingly serving as trusted companions for emotional support. Relational cues (features in chatbots designed to simulate human emotional and social behaviors) reflect the core characteristics of human social existence and play a crucial role in enhancing human-AI emotional interactions. This research employs a mixed-methods approach to explore how relational cues shape human-AI emotional interaction experiences. Study 1 selected common indicators of emotional interaction experience and used an experimental method (n = 196), which showed that relational cues significantly increased users' emotional arousal, system usability, emotional attachment and human-AI trust. Moreover, mind perception exerted a negative moderating effect on the relationship between relational cues and pleasure, arousal, dominance, emotional attachment and usability. Furthermore, the efficacy of specific types of relational cues (particularly empathy) was stronger in extreme negative emotional events compared to moderate ones. Study 2 used an online survey method (n = 25) and further revealed that relational cues can improve mood, enhance perceived realism, foster intimacy, and elevate conversational quality. These improvements collectively contributed to enhancements in multifaceted emotional interaction experiences. It is worth noting that empathy cues exhibited the most positive effect in both studies. These findings highlight the beneficial role of relational cues in human-AI emotional interactions and their boundary conditions, providing a theoretical foundation for emotional agent design from the perspective of chatbot, users, and event
Neural Oscillation Features of ADHD Symptoms in Children: EEG Evidence From Resting State and Oddball Task
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to explore neural oscillation features (resting-state + oddball-EROs) of ADHD symptoms in children in a dimensional approach and to construct a multi-metric model combining objective EEG measures and subjective parental ratings to predict children's behavioral performance.Method: Seventy-seven children (age range: 6-12 years) participated in laboratory assessment. ADHD symptoms were first evaluated using the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA-CPT), followed by EEG recordings during both resting-state and oddball task conditions. Three parent rating scales were also used to evaluate children's behavioral performance: the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD RS-IV): Home Version, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the Conners' Parent Rating Scales (CPRS).Results: Seventy-one children with valid IVA-CPT results were included in data analysis. The main results revealed a relationship between poorer attention performance and decreased eye-open alpha1 power in the resting state, reduced N2 delta power in the oddball condition, and elevated non-delta band power in the standard condition of the oddball task. Poorer response control performance was associated with increased eye-closed alpha1 power, as well as increased eye-open alpha2 and beta2 power. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the inattention subscale from parental assessments on the RS-IV, combined with P3 alpha power in the standard condition of the oddball task, was the strongest predictor of children's attention performance.Conclusion: The current study identified important neural oscillation features of ADHD symptoms in both the resting state and during an oddball task and offers new insights into multi-metric prediction for ADHD assessment and diagnosis.</p
Attention training interventions for PTSD in bereaved Chinese parents who have lost their only child: A randomized controlled trial with behavioral and neuroimaging data
No full textBackground: : Attentional bias towards threat is a core mechanism underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although attention bias modification (ABM) and attention control training (ACT) have been studied for PTSD, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent outcomes. Additionally, the nonemotional conditioning effect of ACT remains unvalidated. Shidu parents in China, a uniquely vulnerable group who have lost their only child, often suffer from severe and persistent PTSD, however, no RCT has yet investigated attention-based interventions among them. Thus, this RCT compared the efficacy of ABM, ACT, and attention control geometric training (ACG), which adapts ACT in a nonemotional context, on PTSD symptoms and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity among Shidu parents. Methods: : Participants were randomly assigned to the ABM (n = 21), ACT (n = 20), and ACG (n = 21) groups and completed eight biweekly sessions of ABM, ACT, and ACG, respectively. Symptoms, including PTSD clusters and anxiety as primary outcomes and PTSD total and depression as secondary outcomes, along with attentional bias were assessed at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, post-treatment, and a four-month follow-up. DLPFC activity was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at pre-treatment, mid-treatment and posttreatment. Results: : ACT demonstrated significant improvement in intrusion symptoms, with treatment effects sustained at the four-month follow-up. However, other PTSD symptom clusters, as well as anxiety and depression, did not show significant improvement across any of the groups. At the neurocognitive level, ACT showed reduced vigilance toward threat and decrease in bilateral DLPFC activation under the vigilance condition. In contrast, ACG exhibited only a nonsignificant trend toward reduced vigilance to threat, along with reduction in left DLPFC activity under the same condition. ABM showed no significant improvements in either behavioral or neural measures. Conclusions: : This study provides preliminary evidence that ACT may be a promising intervention for reducing intrusion symptoms and threat vigilance in Shidu parents, potentially through modulating DLPFC activation. These findings highlight the importance of targeting specific PTSD symptom clusters and corresponding neural pathways in future trauma interventions.</p
Associations Between Peer Relationships and Depressive Symptoms in Rural Children: Undirected and Bayesian Network Analyses
No full textPrevious studies have noted links between peer relationships and depressive symptoms, but few have explored the subtle internal connections and inherent directionalities of these associations. Undirected and Bayesian network analyses were utilized to explore the interrelationships among key constructs in this study, which focused on 802 Chinese rural children (Mage= 12.16 years, SD = 0.83, 46.13% boys). Undirected network analysis revealed that Self-hatred, Sadness, and Loneliness were central nodes within the networks of peer relationships and depressive symptoms. Mutual support, Friendship skills, and Popularity emerged as key nodes linking peer relationships with the network of depressive symptoms. Bayesian network analysis demonstrated that Sadness and Popularity act as triggering nodes within the network, which are ultimately leading to depressive symptoms such as Pessimism, School difficulty, Indecisiveness, and Feeling unloved. These findings provide supports for the development of targeted interventions to reduce depressive symptoms in rural children, with a focus on different aspects of peer relationship.</p
Teaching with surprise to enhance children's inclination for creative thinking and creative tendencies
No full textThe present study is a short-term intervention program aimed at cultivating children's creativity based on the 'butterfly model' of nurturing creativity, adopting a 2 x 3 mixed experimental design with placebo and no-treatment groups. They also received the equal intervention after the experimental group finished for the sake of fairness to all the participating children. A total of 74 Chinese children aged 5-9 participated in the study. The experimental and control groups were assessed using the following scales: Creativity Assessment Packet, and Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. After two weeks of intervention, children showed improvement in state-like variables, such as divergent thinking and creative tendencies, while their trait-like variables, such as intelligence, and the parental rearing patterns of their family members, did not show any improvement. The study provided a prudent paradigm for evaluating educational courses and established a foundation for future long-term research on cultivating children's creativity.</p
Early Bullying's Long Shadow: How Victimization in Childhood and Adolescence is Associated with University Students' Mental Health and Loneliness
No full textBullying victimization in childhood and adolescence is widely acknowledged for its detrimental effects on mental health and loneliness in young adulthood. However, the influence of onset time when bullying happens (in primary and/or secondary school) and of distinct forms of bullying remain underexplored. The study aims to explore the associations between seven forms of victimization (being teased or called nasty names; rumor spreading; physical harm; threat; property damage; robbery; social exclusion) during university students' primary and secondary school years and their current mental health and loneliness in China. A total of 684 university students (mean age = 19.05, SD = 1.56) completed Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire, which involves recollection of bullying victimization during primary and secondary school years. Stable victim (those who experienced bullying victimization during both primary and secondary school years) was most strongly associated with current higher levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness. Different forms of bullying victimization in primary and secondary school years were independently associated with mental health and loneliness. Specifically, rumor spreading in secondary school strongly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress, while social exclusion in primary school was closely linked to depression, anxiety, and loneliness. These findings underscore the long-term psychological impact of various forms of bullying victimization experienced in primary and secondary school years and highlight the importance of targeted interventions that address specific types of bullying in primary and secondary school years to mitigate their enduring effects on mental health in young adulthood.</p
Longitudinal Associations Among Trust, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction Among University Students: A Between- and Within-Person Analysis
No full textObjective This study aims to examine the longitudinal association between trust, life satisfaction, and loneliness, particularly at the within-person level. Method We employed Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPM) to distinguish stable between-person differences from within-person fluctuations. A total of 1148 students (M-age = 18.46 +/- 0.96 years; 63.41% women) from six Chinese universities participated in a six-wave, 3-year survey. Results Trust declined slightly over time. At the between-person level, trust was positively related to life satisfaction and negatively related to loneliness. At the within-person level, life satisfaction at T2, T3, and T4 positively predicted trust at T3, T4, and T5, respectively, and trust at T3 positively predicted life satisfaction at T4; trust at T4 and T5 negatively predicted loneliness at T5 and T6, respectively, and loneliness at T4 negatively predicted trust at T5. In addition, exploratory analysis indicated that loneliness may mediate the effect of trust on life satisfaction. Conclusions These findings expand our understanding of the link between social capital and health outcomes from a within-person dynamic perspective, suggesting that enhancing social capital and well-being may be mutually beneficial. Comprehensive student support programs that promote trust-building and reduce loneliness may be more effective in promoting overall well-being and social bonding.</p
THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL KEY CONSISTENCY ON MUSICAL TENSION
No full textTONAL MUSIC PERCEPTION RELIES ON HIERARCHICAL tension and relaxation, which is linked to predictive processes. However, the relationship between local and global processing in shaping tension is not fully understood. Our EEG and behavioral study manipulated musical congruence at local and global levels, revealing that local processing effects could be influenced by global factors. We found that when both local and global congruence were violated, there was a smaller P600 following increased beta oscillations, compared to when only global congruence was violated. This suggests that rapid fluctuations in tension during resolution processes resulted from limited modulation to predictive models. Furthermore, a higher amplitude of P600 occurred when local congruence was violated but global congruence was maintained, compared to when both were congruent, indicating that predictive updating required greater effort. However, local effects had the potential to override global effects, as evidenced by the disappearance of EEG effects induced by global incongruence in locally incongruent conditions and the resulting faster-changing tension curve. These findings suggest that local congruency plays a critical role in processing musical tension and holds a dominant position in music processing. The implications of these findings are discussed in detail in the theoretical framework of predictive processing.</p
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