Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Moderation Effect of Emotional Expressivity on the Associations Between Schizotypal Traits, Autistic Traits and Social Pleasure
No full textDiminished social pleasure has been reported in people with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies suggested that emotional expressivity is closely correlated with social pleasure. However, the underlying psychological mechanisms between traits related to schizophrenia and ASD, emotional expressivity, and social pleasure remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between subclinical schizotypal and autistic traits, facial expressions, and social pleasure. Eighty-six healthy participants (mean age = 20.35 ± 0.26 years, 44 males) were recruited to complete an emotion elicitation task and an autobiographical recalling task, while their facial expressions were videotaped for computerized analysis using the FaceReader. The intensity of different facial expressions (happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, and disgusted), valence, and arousal were extracted. The self-report Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS), Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS) were administered to measure subclinical traits and social pleasure. Partial correlation analysis and moderation analysis were performed. Both schizotypal and autistic traits were negatively correlated with social pleasure. The moderation effects of angry facial expression for both schizotypal and autistic traits on their associations with social pleasure were significant. In addition, scared and surprised facial expressions moderated the associations between positive and negative dimensions of schizotypy and social pleasure, while arousal moderated the associations between autistic traits and social pleasure. Our study identified different moderating effects of facial emotion expressions on schizotypal and social anhedonia and autistic traits and social anhedonia, thereby revealing possible different psychopathological mechanisms underlying similar social anhedonia in subclinical populations.</p
Functional differentiation and interactions among inferior, medial frontal and posterior temporal cortex in semantic control
No full textSemantic control enables flexible retrieval and manipulation of stored knowledge. A left-lateralized network including the inferior frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in this process. However, the functional differentiation within each region and their interactions remain unclear. Combining functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we demonstrate that all three regions are causally involved in semantic control. Anterior subregions are engaged under hard semantic tasks, whereas posterior subregions respond more generally. Machine learning prediction analyses indicate that combined activity across these regions predicts semantic performance better than any region alone. Dynamic causal modeling further reveals that semantic control demands modulate both self-inhibition and interregional connectivity. Bayesian multiple regression shows that stimulation effects in frontal cortex are best explained by an interaction between local activation and electric field strength, while effects in temporal cortex are better predicted by task-dependent network connectivity. These findings highlight the distributed and interactive mechanisms underlying flexible knowledge retrieval
Co-activation of phonological and orthographic codes in various modalities of language processing: A systematic and meta-analytic review
No full textA vast amount of research has been dedicated to clarifying whether spoken word processing (listening) or production (speaking) is constrained by orthographic codes, and whether written word processing (reading) or production (writing) is constrained by phonological codes. Little work has explored what factors might modulate such cross-modality effects. In this paper, we first provided a comprehensive review of existing evidence, then conducted four meta-analyses to determine the size of cross-modality effects, and we explored potential factors that might modulate these effects. We identified robust orthographic effects on spoken word recognition (k = 93, corrected d = 0.61) and production (k = 34, corrected d = 0.44), and robust phonological effects on written word recognition (k = 178, corrected d = 0.49) and production (k = 28, corrected d = 0.35). Moderator analyses indicated that cross-modality effects may be modulated by the tasks used and by language nativeness of participants. These results shed light on our understanding of language processing
Cooperation patterns in depression: Insights from a meta-analysis of responsive and expressive social interactive paradigms
No full textThe use of high-ecological validity social interactive paradigms to study social impairments in depression has burgeoned in recent 10 years. However, abnormal social behaviors in depression have exhibited substantial yet unexplained variations, ranging from reduced to increased cooperation. We proposed an attentional focus theory and introduced a novel classification of social interactive paradigms, distinguishing between responsive (attentional focus on others) and expressive (attentional focus on self) paradigms. This framework systematically elucidates the underlying reasons for reduced and increased cooperation in depression. Depression encompasses current depressive episodes, remitted depression, and subclinical depressive symptoms in undiagnosed individuals. We systematically searched Web of Science, PsycInfo, and PubMed and performed a three-level metaanalysis on 44 studies with 71 effect sizes. We found an overall significant negative association between depression and cooperation, and a significant moderation effect of the responsive versus expressive category. Depression was negatively associated with cooperation in responsive paradigms overall and in each individual responsive paradigm (Cyberball game, responder-role Ultimatum Game, Prisoner's Dilemma, and investor-role Trust Game). Depression was positively associated with cooperation in expressive paradigms overall and in the trustee-role Trust Game, and a trend of positive association in allocation tasks. In our multiple-moderator analysis, while controlling for other significant single moderators, the responsive versus expressive category remained significant, explaining 66.32 % of the total variations in effect sizes. Our study completed the halfmissing landscape of social dysfunctions in social interactive paradigms in depression, which may help practitioners develop different social rehabilitation strategies tailored to responsive and expressive social scenarios
Sustaining attention to positive while early vigilance for negative environmental information: Evidence from eye movements
No full textExploring how emotional environmental information in public spaces effectively attracts individual attention is crucial, as attention is the primary cognitive stage influencing perception and pro-environmental behavior change. Here, for the first time, we conducted two experiments using the dot-probe task and eye-tracking technology to investigate attentional bias toward emotional environmental stimuli and to examine the relationship between attentional processes and pro-environmental behavior. Results showed that individuals sustained attention toward positive stimuli while exhibiting early vigilance for negative stimuli. At early stages of information processing, participants automatically allocated more attention (less first fixation latency, more fixation locations, and larger pupil size) toward negative images compared to positive images. However, the overall results demonstrated that participants spent more time (longer fixation duration and total dwell time) on positive images than negative images. Furthermore, longer duration of fixations on positive images may be associated with increased environmental communication, whereas longer fixation on negative images may be linked to a greener lifestyle. These results reveal the underlying mechanism of dynamic attentional processing to emotional environmental information. The current research not only advances understanding of environmental behavior change but also lays the groundwork for developing effective publicity strategies and promoting sustainable behavior
Gender differences in the association between adverse childhood experiences and early onset psoriasis
No full textPsoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin disease, arises from both genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). This cross-sectional study investigated the association between ACEs, family history, and early-onset psoriasis (<= 18 years), with particular attention to gender differences. Among 102 psoriasis patients (54 early-onset, 48 late-onset), the early-onset group demonstrated a higher proportion of females, greater prevalence of parental psoriasis, and elevated anxiety levels compared to the late-onset group. However, multivariable regression analysis revealed that parental psoriasis was not significantly associated with early-onset psoriasis. Exposure to three or more ACEs significantly associated with early-onset psoriasis (adjusted OR = 2.61, p = 0.014), with specific associations observed for emotional neglect, domestic violence, and loneliness. Gender-stratified analysis showed a stronger association in females (adjusted OR = 6.609, p = 0.016) than in males (adjusted OR = 2.494, p = 0.115), though no significant gender-ACEs interaction was detected (p = 0.289). These findings demonstrate a gender differences, dose-response relationship between ACEs and early-onset psoriasis, highlighting the potential value of early psychological interventions for at-risk individuals, particularly females with high ACE exposure.</p
Vocal Markers of Schizophrenia: Assessing the Generalizability of Machine Learning Models and Their Clinical Applicability
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Machine learning (ML) models have been argued to reliably predict diagnosis and symptoms of schizophrenia based on voice data only. However, it is unclear to what extent such ML markers would generalize to different clinical samples and different languages, a crucial assessment to move toward clinical applicability. In this study, we systematically assessed the generalizability of current ML models of vocal markers of schizophrenia across contexts and languages.
Study Design We trained models relying on a large cross-linguistic dataset (Danish, German, Chinese) of 217 patients with schizophrenia and 221 controls, and used a conservative pipeline to minimize overfitting. We tested the models' generalizability on: (Q1) new participants, speaking the same language; (Q2) new participants, speaking a different language; (Q3-Q4) further, we assessed whether training on data with multiple languages would improve generalizability using Mixture of Expert (MoE) and multilingual models.
Results Model performance was comparable to state-of-the-art findings (F1-score similar to 0.75) within the same language; however, models did not generalize well-showing a substantial decrease-when tested on new languages. The performance of MoE and multilingual models was generally low (F1-score similar to 0.50).
Conclusions Overall, the cross-linguistic generalizability of vocal markers of schizophrenia is limited. We argue that more emphasis should be placed on collecting large open cross-linguistic datasets to systematically test the generalizability of voice-based ML models, and on identifying more precise mechanisms of how the clinical features of schizophrenia are expressed in language and voice, and how different languages vary in that expression
Cross-Informant Comparison of Depressive Symptoms in Youth: A Network Approach
No full textDevelopmental researchers generally use a multi-informant approach to assess youth depressive symptoms to increase diagnostic accuracy and reliability, but informant discrepancies between youth and caregivers are common. Previous studies have predominantly used the sum score-level approach to examine informant discrepancies, which may obscure the heterogeneity of depression. This study adopted a symptom-level approach, network analysis, to examine informant discrepancies regarding depressive symptoms. The participant sample comprised 1043 community youth living in China (M age = 13.68, 48.3% male) and their caregivers. Youth and caregivers completed the Children's Depression Inventory-Youth (CDI-Y) and the Children's Depression Inventory-Parents (CDI-P) separately. We employed R 4.3.0 and the Ising model to estimate two distinct networks. We then utilized the R-package Network Comparison Test to compare these two networks. Our findings revealed that irritability emerged as a symptom with high centrality in both networks, while crying demonstrated the most significant disparity in strength centrality, being stronger in the youth-report network. Youth-reported crying showed stronger connections with suicidal ideation (edge weight = 2.78), social withdrawal (edge weight = 1.72) and schoolwork difficulty (edge weight = 1.70), whereas caregivers-reported crying was more strongly associated with self-hatred (edge weight = 1.21). This study contributes to a better understanding of the structure of depressive symptoms from the perspectives of both youth and their caregivers.</p
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