Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications
No full textThis study explored the effect of virtual reality (VR) technology in the treatment of chronic insomnia. A total of 64 insomniacs were enrolled and randomly divided into the control group and the test group, with 32 cases in each group. The control group received cognitive behavioral therapy insomnia (CBT-I), and the experimental group added VR treatment on the basis of CBT-I. The results showed that the PSQI scores of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment, and the test group was superior to the control group in sleep time, sleep efficiency and total score (P<0.05). HAMA and HAMD scores in the test group were also significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the clinical efficiency of the test group was higher (P<0.05). It shows that VR technology can significantly improve the sleep quality and psychological status of patients with chronic insomnia.</p
Anterograde interference in multitask perceptual learning
No full textLearning to perform multiple tasks robustly is a crucial facet of human intelligence, yet its mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we formulated four hypotheses concerning task interactions and investigated them by analyzing training sequence effects through a continual learning framework. Forty-nine subjects learned seven tasks sequentially, each of the seven groups following a distinct sequence. Results showed that subjects learning a task later in a sequence exhibited poorer performance in six tasks (Contrast, Vernier, Face, Motion, Auditory, and N-back tasks, except for the Shape task) compared to those who learned this task earlier. Interestingly, sequence position had minimal impact on forgetting. A complementary dual-task experiment corroborated these findings. Through detailed analyses of session and block learning curves, we revealed task-specific anterograde interference, but no retrograde interference. These findings support the integrated reweighting theory and shed light on the meta-plasticity mechanism governing how human brain balances plasticity and stability.</p
Effects of Obesity on the Relationship Between Eating Behaviours and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Chinese College Students: A Network Analysis
No full textBackgroundMaladaptive eating behaviours and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are prevalent in obese populations, both of which have complex aetiologies and interact with each other. This study aimed to examine the interaction between eating behaviours and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, conceptualising symptoms as variables that can directly interact with each other, and explore differences between obese and non-obese populations.Methods742 obese and 810 non-obese students were recruited from a university in northern China. Network analysis was used to characterise the network of eating behaviours and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of obese and non-obese students and then compared two network structures' differences.ResultsThe network structures of obese and non-obese students differed in terms of the global strength of connections between network symptoms. In the network structure of obese students, the highest key bridge symptom was "catastrophizing", and the association between "catastrophizing" and "hunger" was the primary bridging edge, which were different from the network structure of non-obese students.ConclusionsOur results suggest that in the obese population, more attention should be paid to certain maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as catastrophizing, which provides new perspectives for preventing or intervening in abnormal eating behaviours (e.g., binge eating) or eating disorders in the obese population.</p
Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex functional connectivity abnormalities in depression: insights from brain imaging big data and precision-guided personalized intervention via transcranial magnetic s
No full textThe subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Its functional interactive profile with the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment outcomes. Previous research on sgACC functional connectivity (FC) in MDD has yielded inconsistent results, partly due to small sample sizes and limited statistical power. Furthermore, calculating sgACC-FC to target TMS individually is challenging. We used a large multi-site cross-sectional sample (1660 patients with MDD vs. 1341 healthy controls) from Phase II of the Depression Imaging REsearch ConsorTium (DIRECT) to systematically delineate case-control difference maps of sgACC-FC. We explored the potential impact of group-level abnormality profiles on TMS target localization and clinical efficacy. Next, we developed an MDD big data-guided, individualized TMS targeting algorithm to integrate group-level statistical maps with individual-level brain activity to individually localize TMS targets. We found enhanced sgACCDLPFC FC in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls (HC). These group differences altered the position of the sgACC anti-correlation peak in the left DLPFC. We showed that the magnitude of case-control differences in the sgACC-FC was related to clinical improvement in two independent clinical samples. This targeting algorithm may generate targets demonstrating stronger associations with clinical efficiency than group-level targets. We reliably delineated MDD-related abnormalities of sgACC-FC profiles in a large, independently ascertained sample and demonstrated the potential impact of such casecontrol differences on FC-guided localization of TMS targets.</p
Awake reactivation of cortical memory traces predicts subsequent memory retrieval
No full textBrief periods of rest after learning facilitate consolidation of new memories. Memory reactivation and hippocampal-cortical dialogue have been proposed as candidate mechanisms supporting consolidation. However, the study of these mechanisms has mostly concerned sleep-based consolidation. Whether and how awake reactivation can selectively consolidate cortical memory traces to guide subsequent behavior requires more human electrophysiological evidence. This study addressed these issues by utilizing intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings from 11 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, who learned a set of objectlocation associations. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that, among the multiple cortical memory traces of object-location associations for the same object generated through several rounds of learning, the association corresponding to memory traces with stronger cortical activation during wakeful rest was more likely to be retrieved later. Awake reactivation of cortical memory trace was accompanied by increased hippocampal ripple rates and enhanced theta-band hippocampal-cortical communication, with hippocampal interactions with cortical regions within the default mode network preceding cortical reactivation. Together, these results suggest that awake reactivation of cortical memory trace during post-learning rest supports memory consolidation, predicting subsequent recall
Association Between Music Use and Depression Among College Students: The Moderating Roles of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy and Gender
No full textMusic is a prevalent tool for alleviating depression among college students, yet its effects exhibit individual and gender variability. This study examined differential associations between healthy/unhealthy music use and depression severity among Chinese college students while investigating regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE) as a moderator and exploring three-way interactions with gender. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we recruited 16,588 participants (55% male, M = 19.82 years, SD = 1.77) through convenience sampling. Standardized measures included the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale, the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale. Results revealed: (a) healthy music use negatively correlated with depression, whereas unhealthy music use showed a positive association; (b) RESE exhibited divergent moderating effects: high RESE weakened the health benefits of healthy music, while low RESE predicted maladaptive outcomes; unhealthy music use exhibited significant depressive risks in both high-RESE and low-RESE subgroups; and (c) a significant three-way interaction emerged, indicating that males with low RESE derived diminished mental health benefits from healthy music engagement compared to females with equivalent RESE levels. No gender-RESE interaction was observed for unhealthy music use. These findings underscore RESE's critical role in moderating music-related mental health outcomes, particularly highlighting gender-specific vulnerability patterns in ostensibly adaptive music engagement
Deciphering the bidirectional relationships between the density of psychiatrists and suicide rates across genders
No full textBackground: Much uncertainty exists regarding whether a greater density of psychiatrists mitigates suicide rates, and whether such effects are bidirectional and the same for males and females. Methods: We collected publicly available data from 39 OECD countries from 2010 to 2021. The mutual relationships between the density of psychiatrists, as an indicator of available mental health services, and male or female suicide rates were examined by following a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design with fixed-effects panel models. Interaction terms with GDP per capita and grouped regressions were conducted to further investigate whether these links varied with the economy and culture. Results: The results indicated that the density of psychiatrists could be related to subsequent female suicide rates (beta = -7.331, 95 % CI [-13.730, -0.932]) after controlling for the autoregressive effects of suicide rates and GDP per capita, and vice versa (beta = 0.001, 95 % CI [0.000, 0.002]). None of the interaction terms were significant, and these associations were only evident in Europe. Furthermore, no bidirectional relationship was established in males. Conclusions: The relationships between female suicide rates and the density of psychiatrists as an indicator of mental health services highlighted that greater availability mitigated female suicide rates, and female suicide rates positively influenced the availability of mental health services in return. These effects remained stable across economies and only existed in Europe. Importantly, greater availability of mental health services seemed not to correlate with reduced suicide rates among males, who as a group account for most deaths.</p
Understanding episodic memory dynamics: Retrieval and updating mechanisms revealed by fMRI and tDCS
Get PDFThis study investigates brain mechanisms in memory preservation and alteration using a three-phase design: memory encoding (Day 1), interference under fMRI (Day 2), and testing (Day 3). Thirty-one participants completed the core experiment, supplemented by a tDCS study (n = 118) targeting the visual cortex. Original memories were more susceptible to incorrect updating during old-background/new-object interference compared to relearning and no-retrieval conditions. Interference trials elicited heightened activation in the Inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL), Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Gyrus (dACC) versus no-retrieval controls, and increased frontoparietal and Occipital Fusiform Gyrus (OFG) activation versus relearning. Analyzing interference trials by Day 3 outcomes revealed preserved memories correlated with stronger cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal activation (indicating effective conflict resolution), whereas updated memories showed elevated OFG activity (suggesting new sensory integration). Crucially, IPL/DLPFC activation during interference positively correlated with original memory accuracy, while OFG activation showed negative correlation. tDCS stimulation of the occipital cortex during memory reactivation significantly enhanced memory updating, confirming visual cortex involvement in contextual distortion. Findings demonstrate distinct neural profiles underlie memory outcomes: preserved memories require efficient conflict processing networks, while perceptual interference during reactivation promotes updates through sensory integration systems. This supports targeted neuromodulation approaches for memory modification, highlighting intervention potential through visual cortex engagement during critical memory phases.</p
Interactive effect of BDNF rs10835210 polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on cognitive functioning in Chinese male patients with methamphetamine use disorder
No full textBackground Patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) are known to experience cognitive dysfunction. Our previous study was the first to demonstrate the negative impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on cognitive function in MUD patients. Extensive research has highlighted the crucial role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms in cognitive function. However, whether genetic variations in BDNF interact with environmental factors such as CM to influence cognition remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential interaction between BDNF gene polymorphism and CM in affecting cognitive function among MUD patients. Methods We recruited 558 MUD patients and 459 healthy controls, assessed cognitive function using the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and CM using the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in all participants, and genotyped all patients and 158 healthy controls for the BDNF rs10835210 polymorphism. Results CM negatively affected cognitive performance in both MUD patients and healthy controls, especially in visuospatial/constructional abilities (HC: FDR p < 0.001), attention (HC: FDR p = 0.008; MUD: FDR p < 0.001), and RBANS total score (HC: FDR p < 0.001; MUD: FDR p = 0.006). Furthermore, a significant interaction between CM and the BDNF rs10835210 polymorphism on attention (FDR p = 0.006) was observed in MUD patients, but not in healthy controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that among carriers of the BDNF rs10835210 A allele, MUD patients with CM had lower RBANS attention scores (FDR p < 0.001) than those without CM. In contrast, no significant simple main effect of CM on RBANS attention was found among MUD patients carrying BDNF rs10835210 CC genotype. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CM impairs multiple aspects of cognitive function in MUD patients. Moreover, the BDNF gene rs10835210 polymorphism mediates the effect of CM on cognitive function in this population
Anterior Cingulate Cortex Glutamate Levels and Sensory Integration Are Associated in Individuals With Social Anhedonia: A Comparison Between 3T and 7T MRS
No full textDeficits in schizophrenia are linked to abnormalities in the glutamate (Glu) system, which are believed to result in neurological soft signs (NSS) and negative symptoms. This study investigated the relationship between Glu levels of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and NSS, particularly sensory integration, in individuals with high and low levels of social anhedonia using 3 Tesla (T) and 7T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). We recruited 16 participants with high social anhedonia and 18 with low social anhedonia and correlated their NSS scores with ACC Glu levels. While spectral quality metrics differed between field strengths, with 7T showing better spectral resolution and metabolite quantification reliability, both 3T and 7T data showed consistent correlation patterns. Our findings demonstrated that higher ACC Glu levels were associated with poorer sensory integration in high levels of social anhedonia across both field strengths, supported by both Pearson and Spearman rank correlations. Notably, the opposite pattern of association was found in people with low levels of social anhedonia at 7T. The Glu systems may be the common mechanisms for negative symptoms and NSS, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.</p
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