Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CAS

Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CAS
Not a member yet
    28529 research outputs found

    Can working experience mitigate the safety risks of high sensation-seeking traits in railway drivers? The impact of working experience and sensation seeking on railway drivers' hazard perception

    No full text
    Accurate hazard perception is a critical predictor of a driver&#39;s accident tendency and is negatively influenced by sensation seeking. This study aimed to explore whether the impact of sensation seeking on hazard perception among railway drivers is moderated by working experience across various track scenarios. Using a computerbased hazard perception paradigm and the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS), 83 Chinese railway drivers were assessed through multiple linear regression to analyze their sensation seeking and hazard perception performance. The results indicated that more experienced drivers&#39; hazard perception performance was not affected by sensation seeking, whereas less experienced drivers were negatively impacted in both straight and turning scenarios, with the negative impact somewhat alleviated during turns compared to straight scenarios. This study confirmed that working experience can mask the negative effects of personality traits to conform to societal practice demands. The detrimental influence of sensation seeking on accurate hazard perception varied with track scenarios and was masked by working experience, validating and enriching the perspectives of self-control theory. The results of this study have significant implications for reducing driving safety hazards among railway drivers.</p

    From Challenge to Confidence: The Collapse of Trust in the Pandemic Era and the Protective Role of Belief in a Just World

    No full text
    Trust plays a fundamental role in almost every social domain, especially when society is facing multi-level threats. However, the impact of threats on trust and its underlying mechanism remains poorly examined. To address this gap, we conducted a series of studies with an array of methodologies spanning cross-cultural surveys, longitudinal designs, and experimental manipulations. Compelling evidence demonstrated that threats (particularly pandemics) precipitate a decline in levels of multiple forms of trust from interpersonal to institutional domains. Additionally, drawing on both correlational and causal methods (e.g., longitudinal design and priming manipulation), belief in a just world (BJW) mediates this relationship. The findings lay the groundwork for a universal Threats-BJW-Trust model of trust in times of crisis. This model extends its influence beyond the trust domain and holds profound implications for bolstering societal resilience and overall well-being.</p

    Effects of Childhood Trauma on Remembering the Past and Imagining the Future in Schizophrenia

    No full text
    Schizophrenia exhibits impairments in remembering the past (autobiographical memory, AM) and imagining the future (episodic future thinking, EFT). Childhood trauma is also associated with deficits in AM and EFT. However, it is not clear whether childhood trauma is associated with severer deficits in AM and EFT in schizophrenia. The present study aimed to examine the effect of childhood trauma on AM and EFT in schizophrenia. We recruited 41 schizophrenia patients with childhood trauma (SCZ + CT), 19 schizophrenia patients without childhood trauma (SCZ - CT), and 40 healthy controls (HC) to participate in this study. Participants underwent the autobiographical interview task, in which they were required to remember or imagine the most important events that occurred or would occur at different times and describe them. Results showed that SCZ + CT exhibited fewer internal details, and lower specificity, time/place richness, and thought/emotion richness in both AM and EFT compared with HC. Meanwhile, SCZ - CT showed lower time/place richness and thought/emotion richness in AM and EFT than HC. However, no significant difference was found between the two patient groups. In addition, AM showed more internal details and stronger phenomenological characteristics (e.g., specificity, time/place richness, etc.) than EFT, while EFT was more positive and important than AM in all participants. Both SCZ + CT and SCZ - CT groups exhibited AM and EFT impairments, and the SCZ + CT group had wider impairments than the SCZ - CT group compared with HC, although the direct comparison between SCZ + CT and SCZ - CT did not show significant differences. These results suggest that childhood trauma had a subtle effect on AM and EFT impairments in schizophrenia patients.</p

    Stratification Beliefs and Youth Social Mentality:A Latent Profile Analysis of the Recent Social Attitudes Data

    No full text
    本研究基于2024年城乡居民社会态度调查数据,运用潜剖面分析识别出青年社会分层信念的四种模式:强双重信念(45%)、温和双重信念(35%)、绩能主导型(16%)和结构主导型(4%)。其中,持双重信念的青年认为绩能性因素(努力、能力等)与结构性因素(家境、关系等)对取得经济成功同等重要,持绩能主导型信念的青年则强调绩能性因素的主导性作用,而持结构主导型信念的青年认为经济成功主要取决于结构性因素。进一步分析发现,青年社会经济地位显著影响其信念模式,持不同信念模式的青年对社会经济发展等方面的态度亦呈现出系统性差异。本研究揭示了青年社会分层信念的多维特征与复合模式,为理解当下青年心态提供了新思路。</p

    Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Sense of Agency: Meta-Analytic Reviews of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies

    No full text
    Sense of agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions, and, through them, events in the outside world. Contrasting cognitive theories emphasize either the importance of motor predictions or of retrospective inference in this ubiquitous experience. Temporal binding refers to the subjective compression of the time interval between voluntary actions and their outcomes and offers a reliable, quantitative measure of sense of agency. A rotating clock hand has been used to allow participants to indicate the perceived time of actions or outcomes. The perceived time of an action is shifted later if the action produces an outcome, compared to a baseline condition without an outcome (action binding). The perceived time of the outcome event is shifted earlier if it is caused by an action, compared to a baseline condition where the outcome occurs with no action (outcome binding). We report a meta-analysis of 75 published studies of action binding and outcome binding. Action binding showed a modest effect size that was increased for more volitional actions compared to less volitional control conditions. Outcome binding showed a large effect size that again depended on volition but also depended on other moderating factors such as outcome sensory modality, outcome valence, and action-outcome delay. A separate activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 48 neuroimaging studies that used a range of different measures of agency, but not temporal binding, could identify neural networks corresponding to these moderating factors. The cerebellum, presupplementary motor area, and premotor cortex formed a volition-sensitive motor network, potentially mediating both action binding and outcome binding. Wider networks associated with effects of valence (caudate and putamen) and temporal delay integration nodes (temporoparietal junction) could be linked to strength of outcome binding only. These findings provide a novel neurocognitive framework explaining how dissociable components of temporal binding reflect both motor-specific and nonmotoric cognitive processes. These processes together produce the coherent experience of agency that accompanies a vast range of human actions

    A corticospinal signature for interindividual pain sensitivity

    No full text
    Pain sensitivity variations represent a critical frontier in pain neuroscience, where advanced neuroimaging has mapped cerebral correlates of nociception for decades, yet conventional brain-centric models persistently overlook the spinal cord's hub role in pain gating and amplification. Here we show that a corticospinal pain sensitivity signature, a pattern of functional connectivity from simultaneous corticospinal magnetic resonance imaging, predicts individual pain sensitivity and clinical pain. Trained on resting-state data and validated across independent healthy (n = 723) and patient cohorts (n = 46), the model generalized to new datasets, distinguished pain from non-pain, and outperformed brain-centric models. Crucially, transcranial magnetic stimulation perturbation revealed a causal axis where enhanced motor cortex-spinal connectivity directly changes pain perception (r = 0.55). These results indicate a previously unknown corticospinal biomarker that bridges laboratory pain measures and patient symptoms, providing insights into translating pain mechanisms from healthy individuals to clinical populations and informing neuromodulation approaches

    The Role of Haptic Perceptual Learning on Haptic Recognition of Two - Dimensional Images

    No full text
    触觉在个体与环境的信息交互中占据重要地位。当个体无法通过视觉系统来接收环境信息时,触觉是唯一一种可以对物体形状、精确几何信息进行加工的感觉系统。触觉识别二维图像对于视力障碍人群具有重要意义,但是触觉识别二维图像存在诸多困难。目前用于触觉识别的可触摸二维图像(例如,可触摸的线条图、平面浮雕等)多基于视觉原理生成的图像制作,触觉系统可以从中有效提取的知觉信息十分有限。在识别带有深度信息的二维图像时,由于透视原理,不同视角展现不同深度信息,会增大触觉感知物体形状信息的困难度。 视觉系统经过大量的知觉学习,能够精准提取二维图像中蕴含的深度信息,进而形成三维空间感知。然而,对于触觉系统而言,是否也能像视觉系统一样,通过知觉学习,更有效地从二维图像中获取三维空间信息,提高识别二维图像 中三维信息的能力,目前仍然缺乏系统的研究。另外,个体的空间表象能力与其触觉识别二维图像的能力是否相关尚不清楚。本研究围绕上述问题,旨在探究触知觉学习是否能促进触觉二维图像的识别,以及空间表象能力与触觉识别二维图像能力之间的关系。 研究一对英文版的物体-空间表象与言语问卷这一广泛使用的标准化问卷进行中文本土化修订。结果表明,本研究的中文修订版问卷具有良好的信效度,模型拟合良好,是评估个体表象风格的可靠问卷,可以用于研究二对实验参与者表象能力的测量。 研究二包括四个行为实验,分别采用镜像干扰物体与非镜像干扰物体,以及三种有反馈的内隐学习方式(与测试任务相同的触知觉学习方式、物体空间关系可操作化和视-触双模态知觉学习),探究了触知觉学习对触觉识别二维图像的影响,以及个体空间表象能力与其触觉识别二维图像能力的关系。结果发现,触知觉学习可以显著提高触觉识别二维图像的绩效,同时空间表象能力与触觉识别二维图像的能力只在实验 3 中发现了一定的相关关系。 本研究通过三种触知觉训练范式发现,触觉学习不仅能显著提升个体对含深度线索二维图像的触觉识别能力,同时还发现了空间表象能力在触觉信息加工中可能存在一定的作用,这些发现不仅进一步加深了我们对触觉识别二维图像过程中二维信息向三维空间转化机制的认识,也可以为盲人触觉交互应用领域提供一定的理论指导。</p

    The Influence of Second-Order Climate Beliefs on Climate Policy Support and Its Psychological Mechanisms

    No full text
    气候变化已成为全球面临的严峻挑战,制定有效的气候政策以减少碳排放是各国政府关注的核心议题之一。然而,公众对气候政策的支持程度直接影响政策的可行性和实施效果,缺乏足够的公众支持可能导致政策受阻或执行不力。现有研究表明,气候信念(即个体对气候变化事实的认知)是影响公众气候政策支持的重要因素。然而,随着气候科学共识的不断普及,公众一阶气候信念(即对自身气候信念的认知)已达到较高水平,通过提升气候信念来进一步增强政策支持的空间受限。近年来,研究者逐渐将关注点转向二阶气候信念(即个体对他人气候信念的认知),发现人们普遍低估了他人对气候变化的关注度和支持度,而这 种低估可能会抑制对于亲环境行为的认可,并削弱对气候政策的支持。随着社交媒体平台的不断发展,环境议题讨论在个体与他人的气候变化沟通不可或缺,环境传播可能在二阶气候信念影响政策支持的路径中起到重要作用。 目前,关于二阶气候信念的研究仍主要停留在调查分析阶段,缺乏对其作用机制的深入探讨与中国本土气候政策的应用。因此,本研究系统考察了二阶气候信念对气候政策支持的影响,并进一步探讨其潜在的心理机制。基于此,本研究围绕以下四个核心问题展开:(1)个体的二阶气候信念是否显著低于其一阶气候信念?(2)极端天气经历是否能够影响二阶气候信念?(3)二阶气候信念是否会显著影响气候政策支持度?(4)环境传播效能感与环境话题参与度是否在二阶气候信念影响政策支持的过程中起到链式中介作用? 为回答这些问题,本研究采用模型分析和实验设计,选取碳税、碳普惠政策和自然灾害应急措施三类典型气候政策作为研究对象。碳税是我国尚未实施的气候政策,在全球范围内不同国家已经开展了若干试点,如何提升公众对于碳税的支持是目前海内外学者的研究重点之一。碳普惠是我国近年来刚刚开展的特色政策体系,在低碳行为量化的基础上为全社会民众提供普惠性质的激励,对我国实现&ldquo;双碳&rdquo;目标具有重要的推动作用。自然灾害应急措施则是为应对我国近年来频 发的自然灾害所提出的一系列举措。结合社会认知理论、传播理论和心智理论,本研究构建了二阶气候信念影响气候政策支持的完整理论模型,并进行了系统的 实证检验。本研究通过四项研究系统探讨了二阶气候信念如何影响气候政策支持度及其心理机制: 研究一探讨了个体的一阶气候信念与二阶气候信念的差异,并验证了极端天气经历对二阶气候信念的积极影响,初步探索了二阶气候信念对气候政策支持度的正向预测作用。结果表明,公众普遍低估了他人对气候变化的关注度,且二阶气候信念在极端天气经历影响气候政策支持中起到中介作用。研究二则进一步采用被试间实验设计,通过操纵强化个体的一阶气候信念与二阶气候信念,探索二阶气候信念的独特影响效力。结果表明,相较于控制组与一阶信念强化组,接受二阶信念强化的被试表现出更高的碳普惠与碳税支持度。不同于研究一与研究二的大学生样本,研究三 A 将被试群体扩大到全国公众,构建了二阶气候信念影响政策支持的心理机制模型,发现环境传播效能感和环境话题参与度在其中起到了链式中介作用:高二阶信念个体更倾向于认为气候讨论具有影响力,从而增加对环境议题的参与度,最终提高对政策的支持度。研究三 B 通过实验方法进一步操控二阶信念的高低,进而验证环境传播效能感与环境话题参与度是否随之提升, 检验了先前链式中介路径的因果关系与稳健性。 本研究的理论贡献在于扩展了气候政策支持的研究视角,揭示了二阶气候信念在政策支持中的关键作用,并验证了其相较于一阶气候信念的更强预测力。本研究提出并验证了二阶气候信念的作用机制,即通过环境传播效能感和环境话题参与度的链式中介路径,影响个体的政策态度,为理解环境传播与公众政策接受之间的联系提供了新的理论依据。此外,本研究还揭示了极端天气经历对二阶气候信念的促进作用,进一步丰富了极端天气如何影响公众气候态度的研究领域。 在实践层面,本研究针对各项结果,对政府、媒体与公众提出了对应的针对性策略,以促进全社会的气候行动提供了重要的启示。首先,提高公众的二阶气候信念可作为提升气候政策支持度的重要干预手段,政府和社会组织应通过公共传播和政策宣传,增强公众对社会气候共识的认知,减少对他人气候态度的低估。其次,应通过社交媒体、新闻报道等手段,提高公众的环境传播效能感,增强其对环境议题讨论的积极预期,从而激励更多人参与气候话题讨论,形成良性社会互动。最后,极端天气事件的经历能够提高二阶气候信念,因此政策制定者在极端天气事件发生后,应利用公共传播窗口,强化社会对气候变化的关注度,提升政策接受度。 综上,本研究围绕二阶气候信念对气候政策支持的影响及其心理机制展开探讨,并通过实证研究验证了二阶气候信念的预测作用、极端天气经历的影响效应,以及环境传播效能感与环境话题参与度的链式中介作用。本研究不仅丰富了气候政策支持的心理机制研究,也为提升公众气候政策接受度提供了科学依据和实际策略。</p

    The Relationship Between Interethnic Contact and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Integration Strategies and the Moderating Role of Ethnic Implicit View

    No full text
    我国是一个历史悠久、疆域广大、文化多元的多民族国家,各民族之间的交往、交流和交融对国家稳定和社会发展具有重要作用。各民族交流交往过程中积极的接触经验有助于形成各民族之间相互依存、相互信任、互相扶持的紧密关系,进一步铸就休戚与共、互利互赢的中华民族共同体。同时,交流过程中的消极接触经历会影响跨群体信任,减少对其他民族接触的意愿。在跨文化交流日渐频繁和倡导多民族交往的背景下,深入探索族际接触的内涵及其对主观幸福感的作用机制,对于丰富族际接触的文化心理研究、提升跨文化关系的心理体验和关系质量,以及构建符合本土跨文化关系的积极族际接触促进策略,具有重要的理论与 实践价值。 本研究采用解释性混合方法设计,遵循先量化后质性的顺序,在我国各民族样本中系统考察族际接触与文化适应策略和主观幸福感的关联及其作用机制,揭示民族内隐观在其中的特异性表现,为理解族际接触及其内在机制提供了一个系 统的解释框架,丰富了族际接触的理论视角和实证依据。 研究一以1263名大学生为研究对象,使用多维族际接触问卷(Multidimensional Interethnic Contact Scale,MICS)(黄飞, 等, 2018)测量族际接触水平、使用涵化策略问卷(Berry, 1997)测量融合策略水平、使用常人理论量表(Levy &amp; Dweck, 1998)测量民族内隐观水平、采用生活满意度量表(The satisfaction with life scale,SWLS)与正向情绪和负向情绪量表(Positive and negative affect schedule, PANAS)测量主观幸福感水平。采用SPSS26.0 及其插件 PROCESS 进行数据处理,数据分析的结果显示:在控制了年龄、性别、文化程度、月收入后等因素后,(1)积极族际接触显著正向预测主观幸福感;消极族际接触显著负向预测主观幸福感。(2)文化适应融合策略在族际接触和主观幸福感之间起中介作用,即积极族际接触经验越丰富,大学生越倾向于选择文化融合的适应策略,越能提升主观幸福感;同时,消极族际经验越丰富,大学生越减少文化融合的适应策略,越降低主观幸福感。(3)渐变论民族内隐观正向调节族际接触与主观幸福感之间的直接和间接关系。(4)渐变论民族内隐观调节作用在不同族群样本中表现不同。在少数民族样本中,在低渐变论水平下,低积极接触对融合策略的预测作用更强,在高渐变论水平下,高积极接触对融合策略的预测作用更强;在汉族样本中,相比于低渐变论,在高渐变论水平条件下,消极接触对融合策略的预测作用更强。 研究二以29名 20~27 岁年轻群体样本,采用半结构化访谈,根据如下提纲:(1)族际接触的现实条件;(2)族际接触中的文化适应(如族际通婚)和民族内隐 观;(3)积极族际接触的促进建议进行访谈,并基于主题分析方法对访谈资料进行分析。研究结果显示:(1)族际接触的心理适应结果主要体现在幸福感的满足和个人能力的提升。(2)文化适应方式有文化融合、文化同化和文化分离。选择文化融合的个体获得了良好的族际关系支持。(3)族际通婚是族际接触的重要成果。族际通婚态度受民族内隐观影响较大,对族际通婚的现有观念及其未来变化影响着族际接触的幸福感体验。(4)积极族际接触受到多种个体差异和外部因素的共同影响,涵盖对个体层面的族际接触观念、社会层面的多元文化氛围以及群体层面的文化交流建设 本研究混合方法,揭示族际接触对主观幸福感的积极意义,文化适应融合策略和民族内隐观渐变论在其中的边界作用。本研究结果不仅丰富了族际接触研究的理论视角,拓宽了融合适应假说的解释范围,也为社会认同社会比较等相关理论补充实证依据。同时,相关发现为推进民族交流交往交融提供了思路和参考,并为民族社区跨文化适应的干预提供有益的实践引导。</p

    The Relationshiu between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Study Based on Longitudinal Tracking Design and Mendelian Randomization

    No full text
    背景:创伤后应激障碍(Post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD)与广泛性焦虑障碍(Generalized anxiety disorder } GAD)是两种常见的精神障碍,尤其在经历过创伤事件的人群中更为普遍。研究表明,这两种障碍的共病率较高,且共病会导致症状加剧、功能损害等不良后果。尽管现有研究己证实二者症状相关,但对其动态交互机制的时间演化规律及遗传层面的因果方向仍缺乏系统阐释。本研究旨在揭示二者在症状发展与遗传层面的动态关系及因果方向,为共病理论模型提供实证支持。 方法:本研究整合了症状学和遗传学方法。研究一是症状层面动态分析,基于汉川地震青少年队列(N一4,774,通过四次纵向追踪数据(震后2.5-5.5年),测量工具包括UCLA PTSD-RI与SCARED-GAD分量表,采用随机截距交叉滞后模型(RI-CLPM)检验PTSD与GAD症状的双向预测效应。研究二是发展轨迹分析,基于相同样本,运用潜在增长模型(LGM)考察初始症状水平与变化速率的跨障碍预测效应,评估年龄、性别及创伤暴露的调节作用。研究三进行遗传因果检验,基于PGC联盟GWAS数据,通过双向孟德尔随机化探究遗传层面的因果关系。采用逆方差加权法(IVW)为主要分析方法检验遗传层面的因果关系。 结果:研究一发现创伤后3.5年起PTSD与GAD症状呈现显著双向预测关系,支持症状相互影响假说。研究二揭示初始症状水平对发展速率的负向预测效应,提示高基线症状可能触发适应性调节机制。研究三首次从遗传学层面证实PTSD}GAD的单向遗传因果效应,而反向因果路径不显著,与神经敏化理论高度契合。 结论:本研究揭示了PTSD与GAD的多层次作用机制。症状层面存在灾后中期的双向动态关联,遗传层面呈现创伤诱发的单向焦虑泛化路径。研究结果支持&ldquo;创伤一神经敏化一焦虑泛化&rdquo;理论路径,为共病理论模型的构建及灾后心理干预策略的制定提供了重要依据。未来研究应结合多组学与神经影像技术解析共病生物学标记,更全面地理解二者的共病机制,发展跨文化适用的精准干预方案。</p

    812

    full texts

    28,529

    metadata records
    Updated in last 30 days.
    Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CAS is based in China
    Access Repository Dashboard
    Do you manage Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, CAS? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!