Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Distinguishing the roles of edge, color, and other surface information in basic and superordinate scene representation
No full textThe human brain possesses a remarkable ability to recognize scenes depicted in line drawings, despite that these drawings contain only edge information. It remains unclear how the brain uses this information alongside surface information in scene recognition. Here, we combined electroencephalogram (EEG) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) methods to distinguish the roles of edge, color, and other surface information in scene representation at the basic category level and superordinate naturalness level over time. The time-resolved decoding results indicated that edge information in line drawings is both sufficient and more effective than in color photographs and grayscale images at the superordinate naturalness level. Meanwhile, color and other surface information are exclusively involved in neural representation at the basic category level. The time generalization analysis further revealed that edge information is crucial for representation at both levels of abstraction. These findings highlight the distinct roles of edge, color, and other surface information in dynamic neural scene processing, shedding light on how the human brain represents scene information at different levels of abstraction
Electrophysiological signatures underlying variability in human memory consolidation
No full textWe experience countless pieces of new information each day, but remembering them later depends on firmly instilling memory storage in the brain. Numerous studies have implicated non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in consolidating memories via interactions between hippocampus and cortex. However, the temporal dynamics of this hippocampal-cortical communication and the concomitant neural oscillations during memory reactivations remains unclear. To address this issue, the present study used the procedure of targeted memory reactivation (TMR) following learning of object-location associations to selectively reactivate memories during human NREM sleep. Cortical pattern reactivation and hippocampal-cortical coupling were measured with intracranial EEG recordings in patients with epilepsy. We found that TMR produced variable amounts of memory enhancement across a set of object-location associations. Successful TMR increased hippocampal ripples and cortical spindles, apparent during two discrete sweeps of reactivation. The first reactivation sweep was accompanied by increased hippocampal-cortical communication and hippocampal ripple events coupled to local cortical activity (cortical ripples and high-frequency broadband activity). In contrast, hippocampal-cortical coupling decreased during the second sweep, while increased cortical spindle activity indicated continued cortical processing to achieve long-term storage. Taken together, our findings show how dynamic patterns of item-level reactivation and hippocampal-cortical communication support memory enhancement during NREM sleep
Bone-brain crosstalk in osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and interventions
No full textOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent articular disorder characterized by joint degeneration and persistent pain; it imposes a significant burden on both individuals and society. While OA has traditionally been viewed as a localized peripheral disorder, recent preclinical and clinical studies have revealed the crucial interconnections between the bone and the brain, highlighting the systemic nature of OA. The neuronal pathway, molecular signaling, circadian rhythms, and genetic underpinnings within the bone-brain axis play vital roles in the complex interplay that contributes to OA initiation and progression. This review explores emerging evidence of the crosstalk between the bone and brain in OA progression, and discusses the potential contributions of the bone-brain axis to the development of effective interventions for managing OA.</p
Facial video based stress detection for enhancing ecological validity
No full textIn contemporary society, high-level stress poses significant detrimental effects on mental and physical wellbeing, impacting performance in various aspects of life including work, studies, and social interactions. Previous research efforts have primarily relied on the induction of stress through diverse mental tasks under artificial experimental conditions, which may lack ecological validity. This study aimed to address this limitation by collecting facial data without additional contextual interventions during self-introductions from participants. A regression model was developed to evaluate an individual's stress level based solely on their facial expressions captured via video. Utilizing a dataset of 240 participants, the model incorporated both facial videos and perceived stress levels for analysis. Our findings revealed that specific facial areas and features were strongly correlated with perceptions of stress, offering insights into how facial cues can mirror subjective experiences of stress. The regression model achieved impressive performance metrics, attaining a Pearson correlation efficient of 0.539 and internal consistency reliability of 0.70. These results suggest that the model possesses high applicability for early detection and management of stress, particularly by demonstrating an elevated level of ecological validity compared to previous methodologies. The positive outcomes of this study highlight considerable potential for utilizing facial analysis as a tool in identifying stress at an early stage, enabling proactive interventions for stress alleviation. Future research is encouraged to refine the concept further and enhance its accuracy, thereby maximizing its utility in real-world scenarios.</p
Object category differences regulate the sensory dominance of the response level in an audiovisual cross-modal conflict
No full text感觉主导效应是大脑面临多种感觉通道信息时,优先加工某种感觉通道信息的现象。认知加工水平假说认为感觉主导效应的产生是由于不同认知加工水平所决定,即早期知觉加工水平表现为视觉主导,晚期反应加工水平表现为听觉主导。然而,现有的研究并未关注认知加工水平中处于早期和晚期之间的中间加工水平如何影响感觉主导效应。研究操纵了位于中间加工水平的客体类别差异,采用2-1 mapping (映射)范式通过3个实验考察介于早期知觉和晚期反应水平之间的客体类别表征如何影响跨通道冲突感觉主导效应。实验1结果发现,客体类别差异能够调节反应水平的感觉主导效应。类别差异小时,表现为视觉主导;类别差异大时,表现为听觉主导。实验2结果说明此效应的产生与视觉刺激不同加工深度无关,证实了此效应的产生特异于视觉通道。实验3通过经颅直流电刺激技术抑制类别加工脑区,即左侧颞前叶。结果发现,反应水平的听觉主导效应消失。研究表明,认知加工水平中的客体类别表征这一中间加工水平对感觉主导效应产生了调节,完善了认知加工水平假说对于跨通道冲突感觉主导效应的解释。</p
“双减”政策下父母期望对3～6岁儿童语数能力的影响：有调节的中介模型
No full text目的 探讨在“双减”政策下父母期望对3～6岁儿童语数能力的影响及其作用机制。方法 采用父母期望量表、儿童能力指数量表、教养方式问卷和“双减”态度问卷对3～6岁儿童的家长进行调查，通过Credamo平台和线下调查共发放问卷584份，回收有效问卷549份。对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果 父母期望通过教养方式中归纳推理和温暖的中介效应正向预测儿童语数能力。父母“双减”态度的调节效应检验发现：当父母不担心“双减”时，父母期望能正向预测教养方式中的归纳推理，并通过归纳推理影响儿童语数能力；当父母担心“双减”时，父母期望不能预测教养方式中的归纳推理，且不能通过归纳推理影响儿童语数能力。结论父母期望能够通过教养方式对3～6岁儿童的语数能力产生影响。父母的“双减”态度对父母期望与父母教养方式中归纳推理的关系以及归纳推理的中介效应具有调节作用。</p
The impacts of music training and music sophistication on empathy
No full text共情能力是预测和促进亲社会行为的重要因素,音乐经验对共情能力的发展有着重要作用。本研究以特质共情和状态共情两个方面为切入点,采用音乐训练和音乐素养两个指标衡量个体音乐经验,利用问卷调查和行为实验,探究它们对共情能力的影响路径。结果表明,在特质共情方面,音乐家的认知共情能力显著高于非音乐家。然而,在控制了人格、主观社会经济地位和心理健康状态的相关变量后,音乐训练对共情能力并无显著影响。相反,音乐素养显著正向预测认知共情能力的想象维度,甚至可以作为音乐训练影响认知共情中想象维度的中介变量。在状态共情方面,利用疼痛共情范式研究发现,相比非音乐家,音乐家在目睹他人疼痛情境时更能感同身受,这种状态共情能力受到音乐素养和特质认知共情中想象维度的链式中介影响。综上所述,音乐训练通过提高音乐素养,间接增强特质共情中的认知共情能力(想象),从而使音乐家在感同身受他人疼痛状态时表现出更强的能力。这些发现揭示了音乐经验对共情能力的促进机制。</p
Impact of imitation abilities on social communication in autistic children: evidence from an Early Start Denver Model intervention study
No full textImitation is foundational to early social learning, yet autistic children often exhibit significant impairments in imitation, potentially impacting their social communication skills. This study examined the relationship between imitation abilities and social communication in autistic children and evaluated the effectiveness of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) intervention. The study included 52 autistic children aged 2-5, divided into an experimental group receiving ESDM intervention and a control group undergoing standard rehabilitation. We assessed the children's imitation and social communication skills before and after the intervention. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between imitation and social communication skills both before and after the intervention. Specifically, various forms of imitation (e.g., vocal, gestural, object-related) were closely linked to different domains of social communication (e.g., expressive communication, joint attention, social skills). Baseline imitation levels and improvements in imitation were significant predictors of enhanced social communication, jointly accounting for over half of the observed improvements in social communication, with imitation improvement being the strongest predictor. Age positively moderated the relationship between imitation and social communication, with older children showing a stronger impact of imitation on social communication. Although these effects were evident across groups, the ESDM group showed greater gains in imitation skills compared to the control group. However, we did not find evidence of an intervention effect on social communication skills. This study underscores the critical role of imitation in the social communication development of autistic children. These findings support the enhancement of imitation skills in early interventions for autistic children, highlighting the effectiveness of ESDM in fostering imitation abilities.</p
The McGurk effect is similar in native Mandarin Chinese and American English speakers
No full textHumans combine the visual information from mouth movements with auditory information from the voice to recognize speech. A common method for assessing audiovisual speech perception is the McGurk effect: when presented with some incongruent pairings of auditory and visual speech syllables (e.g., the auditory speech sound "ba" dubbed onto the visual mouth movements for "ga") individuals perceive a third syllable, distinct from the auditory and visual components. The many differences between Chinese and American culture and language suggest the possibility of group differences in the McGurk effect. Published studies have reported less McGurk effect in native Mandarin Chinese speakers than in English speakers, but these studies sampled small numbers of participants tested with a small number of stimuli. Therefore, we conducted in-person tests of the McGurk effect in large samples of Mandarin-speaking individuals from China and English-speaking individuals from the USA (total N = 307) viewing nine different stimuli. Averaged across participants and stimuli, we found similar frequencies of the McGurk effect between Chinese and American participants (48% vs. 44%). In both groups, there was high variability both across participants (range from 0% to 100%) and stimuli (14%-83%) with the main effect of culture and language accounting for only 0.2% of the variance in the data. The high variability inherent to the McGurk effect necessitates the use of large sample sizes to accurately estimate group differences and requires testing with a variety of McGurk stimuli, especially stimuli potent enough to evoke the illusion in the majority of participants
Effect of different life style on daily activity ability and quality of life in Chinese elderly population
No full text目的:评估中国老年人不同休闲爱好类型对日常行动能力(activity of daily living，ADL)和生活质量的影响。方法:横断面研究，基于第4次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查。在调查老年人社区娱乐兴趣爱好的选项中，我们将散步、打球、跳舞等需要体力活动参与的项目定义为动态爱好；将读书、看电视、画画等不需要体力活动参与的项目定义为静态爱好。采用欧洲五维健康量表(EuroQol five dimension scale，EQ5D)-3L量表评估生活质量。先筛选出2017—2019连续3年保持了动态或静态爱好习惯的老年人，采用重复测量方差方法分析不同时间不同休闲爱好类型和ADL评分、生活质量的关系。再用倾向性评分匹配性别、年龄、民族、婚姻、文化程度和慢性疾病等因素后进行比较，应用5种机器学习算法挑选最优模型预测ADL完全独立和EQ5D效应值为1。基于最优预测模型进行Shapley线性解释(SHapley Additive exPlanations，SHAP)和全局分析。结果:2017—2019年连续3年均参与调查的老年人为4 912名，连续3年均保持同一爱好习惯的人数为2 594名，其中男性1 362名、女性1 232名，年龄为(70.81±6.71)岁。动态休闲爱好组和静态休闲爱好组老年人的ADL评分和EQ5D分数在不同时间水平、爱好分组水平和交互水平的差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。相比静态爱好组，动态爱好组的老年人ADL功能更好、EQ5D分数更高，经倾向性评分匹配后，差异仍有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。对于预测ADL完全独立，动态爱好这一因素的SHAP值排第2位；对于预测EQ5D加权值为1，动态爱好的SHAP值排第9位。动态爱好类型对日常活动能力完全独立和EQ5D加权值为1具有正向作用趋势。 结论:相比于静态爱好，坚持动态爱好的老年人具有更好的日常行动能力和更高的生活质量，动态爱好对日常生活能力完全独立和EQ5D加权值为1有正向作用。</p
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