Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Effects of childhood environments on the discernment of health misinformation
No full textThe wide dissemination of COVID-19 and other health misinformation poses a significant threat to individuals' well-being. We investigated how two key features of childhood environments, uncertainty and harshness, influence individuals' ability to distinguish COVID-19 and other health-related truths from misinformation (i.e., accuracy discernment and sharing discernment). Across four studies (including two preregistered studies, total N = 4874), we found that greater childhood uncertainty was associated with worse accuracy discernment and sharing discernment, whereas greater childhood harshness was associated with better accuracy discernment. We also found that the associations between childhood environments and discernment were mediated by analytic thinking (Studies 1-3). Furthermore, recalling or imagining uncertain childhood events led to a decrease in sharing discernment (Study 4). These findings offer insight into how childhood environments influence the ability to discern truth from falsehood on social media later in life, which may contribute to the establishment of corresponding interventions to combat the negative impact of misinformation on public health.</p
Short-term visual adaptation to body shape induces sustained aftereffect on body size estimation
No full textVisual adaptation to thin or large bodies was found to shift the subjective body normality towards the adapting body shape. Here we investigated the persistency of such adaptation effect by tracking the timecourse of decay of short-term body size adaptation in young healthy Chinese women. Participants adapted to contracted or expanded body images of unfamiliar female volunteers with a top-up paradigm. Their subjective point of normal body size (PNS) was measured before, immediately after and 10/20/30 min after adaptation. The results showed that about 12 min of adaptation to contracted or expanded body stimuli could shift participants' estimations of body normality towards the adapting body shape, with the effect sustaining for more than 30 min after the end of adaptation. In addition, by fitting the timecourse of decay of adaptation with the exponential, power or logarithmic functions, we found that the recovery of body size adaptation effect could be best described with the logarithmic models. These findings indicated that short-term exposure to distorted body shapes of other people could lead to a lingering bias on body size estimation.</p
Right inferior frontal cortex and preSMA in response inhibition: An investigation based on PTC model
Get PDFResponse inhibition is an essential component of cognitive function. A large body of literature has used neuroimaging data to uncover the neural architecture that regulates inhibitory control in general and movement cancelation. The presupplementary motor area (preSMA) and the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) are the key nodes in the inhibitory control network. However, how these two regions contribute to response inhibition remains controversial. Based on the Pause-then-Cancel Model (PTC), this study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the functional specificity of two regions in the stopping process. The Go/ No-Go task (GNGT) and the Stop Signal Task (SST) were administered to the same group of participants. We used the GNGT to dissociate the pause process and both the GNGT and the SST to investigate the inhibition mechanism. Imaging data revealed that response inhibition produced by both tasks activated the preSMA and rIFC. Furthermore, an across-participants analysis showed that increased activation in the rIFC was associated with a delay in the go response in the GNGT. In contrast, increased activation in the preSMA was associated with good inhibition efficiency via the striatum in both GNGT and SST. These behavioral and imaging findings support the PTC model of the role of rIFC and preSMA, that the former is involved in a pause process to delay motor responses, whereas the preSMA is involved in the stopping of motor responses.</p
Therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of spinal cordstimulation in motor function restoration
No full text运动神经系统异常通常会导致不同程度的运动功能损伤,严重危害患者的正常生活.近年来,脊髓电刺激技术在运动功能重建方面展现出较好的治疗效果,包括使瘫痪多年的患者恢复了站立、行走、自主运动和抓握等能力.现有的脊髓电刺激技术主要包括硬膜外脊髓刺激和经皮脊髓刺激两大类,两者都对脊髓损伤、中风、脑性瘫痪等疾病导致的运动功能障碍患者有运动功能重建作用.本文回顾了这两类脊髓电刺激技术的发展历程和治疗效果,总结了它们的治疗参数、影响因素,探讨了它们治疗运动功能障碍的潜在神经机制,并分析了它们各自的优缺点.最后,本文提出了未来研究方向,包括新型刺激方法的开发、中枢神经机制的研究和个性化刺激参数的优化等.深入研究脊髓电刺激重建运动功能的疗效和机制,将有助于改善患者的生活质量,造福更多患者.</p
Human emotion and StO2: Dataset, pattern, and recognition of basic emotions
No full textEmotions can be recognized through facial expressions, but this becomes challenging when facial expressions are deliberately manipulated. This study introduces tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), a non-contact measured physiological signal of hemoglobin binding to oxygen, as a novel and expression-independent indicator for emotion recognition. Herein, the first StO2-emotion dataset is developed, which encompasses six basic emotions collected from 145 participants via emotional stimulus videos. Pattern analyses indicate that StO2 exhibits distinctive patterns under various emotions, whereas facial expressions have no impact on StO2. Based on this finding, we design the intensity difference pattern-masked feature (IMF) to amplify the changes in StO2 and construct the region of interest embedded Transformer network (ROI-EmbedFormer) to capture the synergistic changes across different facial regions. Finally, an accuracy of 80.31% is achieved for StO2-based emotion recognition. This work shows that StO2 is a promising signal that can identify genuine emotions even without facial expressions.</p
Identification of Critical Signature in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Bioinformatics Analysis and in Vitro Analyses
No full textBackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that emerges following exposure to trauma and significantly affects daily functioning. Current research is focused on identifying effective treatments for PTSD. Advances in bioinformatics provide opportunities to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of PTSD.MethodsRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to examine gene correlation patterns. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for functional annotation and enrichment analysis, respectively. The MCODE plugin in Cytoscape software was utilized to analyze the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Anxiety and depression in a mice stress model were assessed using the open-field test (OFT), elevated plus maze test (EPMT), and forced swimming test (FST). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to validate key genes in stress-exposed models.ResultsA total of 157 common upregulated DEGs and 53 common downregulated DEGs were identified in the amygdala (AMY) and the hippocampus (HIP). Notably enriched pathways included neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, nicotine addiction, and dopaminergic synapse. The PPI network identified four hub genes, with key pathways associated with nicotine addiction and dopaminergic synapse. qRT-PCR validation confirmed that the expression trends of these four genes were consistent with microarray data. Behavioral tests (OFT, EMPT, and FST) revealed significant changes.ConclusionThis study utilized bioinformatics and in vitro experiments to identify genes and pathways potentially crucial for PTSD development. Key genes were validated in a mouse model, providing insights into potential target genes for PTSD treatment
Association between fasting blood glucose and psychotic symptoms in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-na?ve major depressive disorder
No full textIntroductionPsychotic depression (PD) is a highly debilitating disorder characterized by hallucinations and/or delusions accompanied by depression. A variety of neurotransmitters, hormones and corresponding receptors in the endocrine system are involved in the onset and progression of depression, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) can be an important indicator for monitoring the stability of the endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between FBG and PD in a Chinese population with first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD). MethodsIn this study, 1718 outpatient individuals diagnosed with first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve major depressive disorder (FEDN MDD) were included. The association between PD and FBG levels was identified through multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. To investigate potential non-linear relationships, a two-piecewise linear regression model was utilized. Additionally, interaction and stratified analyses were performed based on gender, educational background, marital status, presence of comorbid anxiety, and history of suicide attempt. ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FBG was positively associated with the risk of PD in FEDN MDD patients (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.13; P < 0.05). Smoothed plots showed a non-linear relationship between FBG and PD, while the inflection point of FBG was calculated using a two-segmented logistic regression model to be 6.23 mmol/L. On the right side of the inflection point, the probability of PD increased substantially by 278% (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.75 to 8.18, p < 0.001), while no significant association was observed on the left side of the inflection point (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.52, p = 0.772). ConclusionsOur investigation revealed a nonlinear relationship between FBG and PD in patients with FEDN MDD, thereby informing more effective intervention strategies for managing psychotic symptoms in individuals with depression
Facial StO2-based personal identification: dataset construction, feasibility study, and recognition framework
No full textBiometrics have been extensively utilized in the realm of identity recognition. However, each biometric method has its inherent limitations in specific scenarios. For example, identity recognition based on facial images is contactless but can be forged; finger vein recognition is very secure but generally requires contact collection to ensure accurate identification. In some scenarios with high security requirements, there is often a need for contactless acquisition of biometric features that cannot be forged to recognize identity. Therefore, a novel biometric, facial tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) with the advantages of robust anti-spoofing capabilities and non-contact measurement, is proposed for identity recognition. To more comprehensively verify the feasibility of facial StO2 for identity recognition, a Facial StO2 Identity Dataset (FSID148) containing 148 identities is collected and the feasibility of facial StO2 identity recognition is validated by performing verification, close-set identification, and open-set identification tasks. In order to enhance the performance of facial StO2 identity recognition, an attention-guided contrastive learning framework that enables backbones to derive discriminative identity representations from both local and global facial StO2 regions is proposed. The method proposed has achieved accuracies of 96.11%, 94.60%, and 88.51% in the aforementioned tasks, positioning facial StO2 as a promising biometric for a wide array of application scenarios
The Double-Edged sword of parental empathy in parenting practice and its association with children's externalizing and internalizing problems
No full textNumerous studies highlight the double-edged sword effect of empathy on individual's multidimensional outcomes. Research has shown that empathy dimensions, such as self-oriented contagion, may exacerbate the occurrence of maladaptive behaviors, while other-oriented concern dimension can benefit the emergence of prosocial behaviors. However, the dual impact of empathy within parenting practice remains insufficiently explored. This longitudinal study of early school-age children (across three developmental stages at 7, 9, and 11 years old, N = 146) aimed to examine the influence of parental empathy (contagion and concern), as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Index, on parenting behaviors and children's externalizing and internalizing problems. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of parenting behaviors in the relationship between parental empathy and children's externalizing and internalizing problems, with a specific focus on gender differences among parents. The results revealed that parents' concern positively predicted positive parenting, while contagion positively predicted negative parenting only found in the mother sample. Moreover, parents' negative parenting mediated the relationship between their contagion traits and children's externalizing problems, and mothers' negative parenting also mediated the relationship between their concern and children's externalizing problems. Additionally, mothers' positive parenting was identified as a fully mediating variable in the prediction of children's problem behaviors by mothers' concern traits. These findings are of significant importance for understanding the double-edged sword effect of empathy in human society, providing a new perspective for promoting positive parenting practice and preventing the emergence of children's externalizing problems
The unity/diversity framework of executive functions: behavioral and neural evidence in older adults
No full textExecutive functions (EFs), encompassing inhibition, shifting, and updating as three fundamental subdomains, are typically characterized by a unity/diversity construct. However, given the dedifferentiation trend observed in aging, it remains controversial whether the construct of EFs in older adults becomes unidimensional or maintains unity/diversity. This study aims to explore and validate the construct of EFs in older adults. At the behavioral level, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis on data from 222 older adults who completed six tasks specifically targeting inhibition, shifting, and updating. One unidimensional model and six unity/diversity models of EFs were evaluated. Our results indicated that the EFs of older adults demonstrated greater congruence with the unity/diversity construct. At neural level, thirty older adults completed three thematically consistent fMRI tasks, targeting three subdomains of EFs respectively. Multivariate pattern analysis showed that rostromedial prefrontal cortex robustly showed similar neural representation across different tasks (unity). Meanwhile, the three EF domains were encoded by distinct global neural representation and the lateral prefrontal cortex play a crucial role in classification (diversity). These findings underscore the unity/diversity framework of EFs in older adults and offer important insights for designing interventions aimed at improving EFs in this population.</p
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