Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Healthy for You and Tasty for Me: Social Distance Increases the Relative Importance of Health Attribute in Food Choice
No full textMuch of what consumers eat is selected by other people, making it essential to understand how individuals make food choices for others. This research addresses the gap by applying construal level theory, proposing that as the social distance between the food decision-maker and the recipient increases, consumers prioritize health attributes (abstract construal level attribute) over taste attributes (concrete construal level attribute) of food. Eight experiments in both laboratory and real dining settings demonstrate that greater recipient distance shifts focus toward higher-construal attributes, such as health, resulting in healthier choices, while reduced distance shifts attention toward taste attributes, leading to tastier selections. These findings broaden our understanding of food choice, extending the perspective from self decision-making to agent decision-making, uncovering the psychological processes involved in choosing food for oneself versus for others. Marketers and policymakers can apply these insights to encourage healthier food choice by designing situations that promote food choices for others.</p
Motivation and Pleasure Domain Links to Social Function in College Students: A Network Analysis
No full textEvidence suggests that the motivation and pleasure deficit of negative symptoms determines the social functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Alexithymia is defined as the diminished ability to identify and describe emotion feelings, and influences patients' social functioning. However, little is known regarding the relationship between motivation and pleasure, alexithymia, and social functioning in nonclinical populations. This network analysis study aimed to investigate the interactions between motivation and pleasure, alexithymia and social functioning in a sample of 2889 college students. The flow network and item-level regularized partial correlation network were constructed. Centrality estimation and relative importance metrics were also estimated. The network structures between subgroups with high and low social anhedonia were compared. Our resultant networks showed that the motivation factor was closely connected with social functioning. The relative importance analysis found that, among other nodes, the motivation factor accounted for the highest proportion of variance of social functioning in the nonclinical sample. Although the two subgroups with high and low social anhedonia differed significantly in network structures, they generally shared a similar edge structure. The two subgroups only exhibited significant difference in the connection between the social pleasure factor and recreation/work pleasure factor of the motivation and pleasure. Our findings supported the important role of the motivation factor in determining social functioning in nonclinical population. </p
Neural mechanisms of binaural beats in pain modulation
No full text双耳节拍(Binaural Beats, BB)是一种便捷、低成本、可应用于日常生活的神经调控手段,具有潜在的镇痛效应。本研究采用α频段BB作为刺激,比较其与单耳节拍(MonauralBeats,MB)和白噪音在疼痛调控及神经机制上的差异。脑电频谱分析表明,与白噪音相比, BB和MB均显著降低γ频段能量,表明节律性听觉刺激对高频神经活动具有共性调节作用。脑电微状态分析表明,BB相较于MB和白噪音,显著增强了微状态A的活动,减弱了微状态C的活动。中介分析显示,BB通过降低微状态C与D之间的转换概率,间接调节疼痛诱发P2波幅,进而影响主观疼痛体验。综上, BB可能通过重塑大脑动态功能网络,减少对伤害性刺激的注意调动,展现出潜在的神经调控价值。</p
Functional differentiation and interactions among inferior, medial frontal and posterior temporal cortex in semantic control
No full textSemantic control enables flexible retrieval and manipulation of stored knowledge. A left-lateralized network including the inferior frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex has been implicated in this process. However, the functional differentiation within each region and their interactions remain unclear. Combining functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we demonstrate that all three regions are causally involved in semantic control. Anterior subregions are engaged under hard semantic tasks, whereas posterior subregions respond more generally. Machine learning prediction analyses indicate that combined activity across these regions predicts semantic performance better than any region alone. Dynamic causal modeling further reveals that semantic control demands modulate both self-inhibition and interregional connectivity. Bayesian multiple regression shows that stimulation effects in frontal cortex are best explained by an interaction between local activation and electric field strength, while effects in temporal cortex are better predicted by task-dependent network connectivity. These findings highlight the distributed and interactive mechanisms underlying flexible knowledge retrieval
Sensorimotor environment but not task rule reconfigures population dynamics in rhesus monkey posterior parietal cortex
No full textPrimates excel at mapping sensory inputs flexibly onto motor outcomes. We asked if the neural dynamics to support context-sensitive sensorimotor mapping generalizes or differs between different behavioral contexts that demand such flexibility. We compared reaching under mirror-reversed vision, a case of adaptation to a modified sensorimotor environment (SE), with anti reaching, a case of applying an abstract task rule (TR). While neural dynamics in monkey posterior parietal cortex show shifted initial states and non-aligned low-dimensional neural subspaces in the SE task, remapping is achieved in overlapping subspaces in the TR task. A recurrent neural network model demonstrates how output constraints mimicking SE and TR tasks are sufficient to generate the two fundamentally different neural computational dynamics. We conclude that sensorimotor remapping to implement an abstract task rule happens within the existing repertoire of neural dynamics, while compensation of perturbed sensory feedback requires exploration of independent neural dynamics in parietal cortex.</p
Dynamic interactions among schizotypal traits, affective and prodromal symptoms, social functioning in a large sample of college students: A cross-lagged panel network analysis
No full textObjective: Previous studies suggested that schizotypal traits are closely related with affective symptoms and social dysfunction in general population. However, the dynamic interactions among these variables across time remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate this issue using cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis. Methods: A total of 9136 college students completed self-report scales measuring schizotypal traits, anxiety, depression, prodromal risk, and social functioning at timepoint 1 (T1) and six months later. Classical contemporaneous network analysis was used to estimate the associations among all variables at T1, and the cross-lagged panel network analysis was performed to estimate the predictive effects at follow-up. In addition, prodromal high-risk and low-risk subgroups at T1 were identified using Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to investigate differences on network constructs and edge weights using Network Comparison Tests (NCT). Results: Contemporaneous network showed that negative dimension of schizotypal traits, anxiety, and depression interacted and were all negatively correlated with social functioning. Of all the nodes in the network, interpersonal features of schizotypal traits was the most centralized. The results of cross-lagged network analysis further verified the predictive effect of personality traits and emotions on social function. In addition, NCT revealed significant difference between prodromal high-risk and low-risk subgroups in network structure and strength of edges connecting schizotypal traits, affective symptoms with prodromal risk, but not in global strength. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that schizotypal traits, affective symptoms, and prodromal risk relate to social functioning, both independently and through their dynamic interactions.</p
ERP representational similarity analysis reveals the prediction of semantic features in minimal phrasal contexts
No full textExisting studies demonstrate that comprehenders can predict semantic information during language comprehension. Most evidence comes from a highly constraining context and it is less investigated that whether individuals predict following semantic information in a less constraining context. In the present study, we investigated semantic prediction when reading minimal adjective-noun phrases using electroencephalography (EEG) combined with representational similarity analysis (RSA). Native Chinese Mandarin comprehenders were presented with animate-constraining or inanimate-constraining adjectives, followed by animate-congruent or animate-incongruent nouns. EEG amplitude analysis revealed an N400 for incongruent conditions. Critically, we quantified the similarity between patterns of neural activity, and animate-constraining adjectives revealed greater similarity than inanimate-constraining adjectives before the presentation of the nouns. This pre-noun similarity effect suggests pre-activation of animacy-related semantic information of nouns, and provides evidence for the prediction of semantic features of upcoming words, even in minimal phrase contexts.</p
Emotion regulation repertoires predict the risk of major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: Few studies explored emotion regulation (ER) repertoires (the tendency to utilize multiple ER strategies in different contexts) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). It remains unclear to what extent ER repertoires can assess the risk of MDD and other psychiatric disorders. Method: Three subsamples including 1397 non-clinical individuals, 135 MDD patients, and 127 healthy controls (HCs) were combined to explore ER repertoires. We further built classifiers of ER repertoires to distinguish MDD patients from HCs, and additionally examined its performance based on published studies (total N = 4918). Results: Adaptive, average, maladaptive, and intensely maladaptive repertoires were identified. The classifier based on ER repertoires effectively distinguished MDD patients from HCs, demonstrating an AUC of 0.803 (SD = 0.067). Additionally, the classifier exhibited discriminatory power for various psychopathologies in published studies, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, and personality disorders (AUC: 0.616-0.779). Limitations: Future studies should investigate the longitudinal influence of ER repertoires on the development of psychopathologies. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an individual's ER repertoire is a critical psychopathological risk that can serve as a valuable indicator for assessing risk and imply the potential utility of reforming ER repertoire.</p
Large-Scale Plasma Proteomics to Profile Pathways and Prognosis of Chronic Pain
No full textWhile increasing peripheral mechanisms related to chronic pain, the plasma proteomics profile associated with it and its prognosis remains elusive. This study utilizes 2923 plasma proteins and chronic pain of 51 644 participants from UK Biobank and finds 474 proteins linked to chronic pain in six sites: head, neck or shoulder, back, stomach or abdominal, hip, and knee, with 11 proteins sharing across pain sites. The identified proteins are largely enriched in immune and metabolic pathways and highly expressed in tissues like lungs and small intestines. Phenome-wide analysis highlights the significance of pain-related proteome on diverse facets of human health, and in-depth Mendelian randomization validates 10 proteins (CD302, RARRES2, TNFRSF1B, BTN2A1, TNFRSF9, COL18A1, TNF, CD74, TNFRSF4, and BTN2A1) as markers of chronic pain. Furthermore, protein sets capable of classifying pain patients and healthy participants, particularly performing best in hip pain (area under curve, AUC = 0.725), are identified. Interestingly, the prediction of pain spreading over ten years achieves an AUC of 0.715, with leptin identified as a crucial predictor. This study delineates proteins associated with various pain conditions and identifies proteins capable of classifying pain and predicting pain spreading, offering benefits for both research and clinical practice
Relationship Between Schizotypal Traits, Emotion Regulation, and Negative Affect in Children: A Network Analysis
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Evidence suggests that emotion regulation is related to schizotypal traits and negative affect in adults. Few studies examined the interplay among these constructs in school-aged children. We examined the complex relationship between schizotypal traits, emotion regulation, and negative affect in children aged 9-12 years.Study Design One-thousand-and-nineteen children completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-children (SPQ-C), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescence (ERQ-CA). Using subscales of these measures as nodes, we estimated a partial correlation network. We estimated a Directed Acyclic Graph to explore the putative directional relationship between schizotypal traits, emotion regulation, and negative affect. Node and bridge centrality indices were estimated.Results We found positive correlations between schizotypal dimensions and negative affect (depressed mood, anxiety, and stress) in the network. Emotion suppression was positively correlated with interpersonal and disorganized schizotypal dimensions, and negative affect. Emotion reappraisal was positively correlated with the cognitive-perceptual dimension and negatively correlated with interpersonal schizotypal traits, depressed mood, and stress. Stress showed higher strength than all nodes except depressed mood, and stress showed the highest expected influence (EI). The Bayesian network revealed that schizotypal traits appeared to be driven by stress. Network comparisons preliminarily showed higher EI for emotion reappraisal in girls' than boys' networks, and significant impacts of age and schizotypy levels on network patterns.Conclusion Children with higher levels of schizotypal traits may have more negative affect and suppression. Stress appears to drive schizotypal traits
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