Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Mapping electrophysiological connectivity of pulvinar in seizure propagation and neuromodulation
No full textObjectiveThe pulvinar is increasingly recognized as a promising target for neuromodulation in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Despite growing interest, empirical evidence substantiating the efficacy and mechanism of its deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with epilepsy remains scarce. This study endeavors to address this knowledge gap by investigating the electrophysiological properties of pulvinar.MethodsWe enrolled 35 patients with DRE who underwent stereoelectroencephalography with electrodes extended to the pulvinar and analyzed the pulvinar's involvement in seizures originating from different brain lobes. Repeated single electrical pulse stimulation (RSEPS) was employed to map the connectivity of the pulvinar. We also evaluated the effect of pulvinar DBS on interictal epileptic discharges within the epileptogenic zone.ResultsWe observed that greater involvement of the pulvinar exists in temporal lobe epilepsy, with the medial pulvinar (PuM) showing stronger engagement. Findings with RSEPS highlighted significant connections from the PuM to parietal, occipital, and temporal regions, as well as robust connections from the mesial temporal lobes to PuM. Lastly, we found high-frequency stimulation (140-150 Hz) of PuM significantly reduced interictal epileptic discharges.SignificanceOur study supports emerging evidence for pulvinar involvement in seizure propagation. The data with RSEPS also map PuM causal connectivity in the human brain. Although the clinical utility of pulvinar neuromodulation in patients with DRE remains to be determined by prospective clinical trials, our findings provide a convincing link between PuM neuromodulation and the reduction of epileptic activity.</p
Alexithymia and Empathy in Parent-Youth Dyads: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis
No full textParent-child interaction plays a key role in the development and maintenance of individual social emotional ability. Although studies have found that parents' alexithymia affects their offspring's social-emotional abilities, it is unclear how parents' and children's alexithymia affect each other and their empathic abilities. This study examined the relationship between college students' and their parents' alexithymia and empathy, focusing on both actor effects (individual-level associations) and partner effects (dyadic-level associations). A total of 1058 parent-youth dyads from a single college participated in the study, completing self-report measures of alexithymia and empathy. Using an actor-partner interdependence model analysis, the results revealed significant actor effects of alexithymia on cognitive empathy across all parent-youth dyads, though no such effects were found for affective empathy. Additionally, significant partner effects were observed, with sons' alexithymia linked to their fathers' cognitive empathy and mothers' affective empathy. These findings emphasize the complex dynamics of social-affective abilities within parent-youth relationships among college students and provide important implications for future research, intervention, and prevention efforts
The Impact of Familial Motives and the Per Capita GDP on Fertility Intentions from an Evolutionary Perspective
No full text生育既是人类延续和进化的基本前提，也是国家发展、文化传承和全球可持续发展的重要基石。当前，生育率下降已成为全球性挑战，亟需深入探究影响个 体生育意愿的心理机制。现有研究大多从生育价值视角出发，将生育视为满足父母自身需求的手段，较少从繁衍适应性的角度探讨影响生育意愿的心理因素。
生育既是人类延续和进化的基本前提，也是国家发展、文化传承和全球可持续发展的重要基石。当前，生育率下降已成为全球性挑战，亟需深入探究影响个体生育意愿的心理机制。现有研究大多从生育价值视角出发，将生育视为满足父母自身需求的手段，较少从繁衍适应性的角度探讨影响生育意愿的心理因素。
研究 1 利用全球跨文化公开数据集（34 国家和地区，N = 34,650），初步探讨了家庭关爱动机和生育意愿的关系及人均 GDP 的调节作用。多层次模型分析结果表明，家庭关爱动机较高的个体，会想有更多的孩子。人均 GDP 在两者 之间起正向的跨层调节作用，即家庭关爱动机对生育意愿的促进作用在高人均GDP 国家和地区更强。
研究 2 在完善家庭相关动机测量的基础上，开展了大样本横断调查（46个 城市，N = 5,131），在相同的文化和生育政策体系背景进一步探讨家庭相关动机与生育意愿的关系及人均 GDP 的作用。结果不仅复证了研究 1 的发现，还在城市层次发现了家庭相关动机越高，个体的意愿生育数量越多；且这种促进作用在高人均 GDP 城市更强。
研究 3 通过展开在线行为实验（N = 551）探究人均 GDP 调节家庭相关动机与生育意愿的因果关系。实验通过文本操纵高、低人均 GDP 两个条件，探讨了人均 GDP 是否在因果层次上调节了家庭相关动机与生育意愿之间的关系。研究发现家庭相关动机对生育意愿的提升具有积极作用，且人均 GDP 这一关系在起 正向调节作用。还发现了高人均 GDP 条件的个体对繁衍任务的投入更少，对自我发展任务投入得更多;以及这种向自我发展倾斜的资源分配模式在家庭相关动机与生育意愿之间起正向调节作用，即在高自我发展相对投入度的条件下，当个体的家庭相关动机越高，其想有孩子的数量越多。
通过这三项研究，本研究从相关到因果系统揭示了家庭相关动机对生育意愿的影响及其心理机制。在理论层面，这些研究发现丰富了进化心理学中基础社会动机的框架，强调家庭相关动机在生育意愿中的繁衍适应性意义，并结合生命史理论，探讨了经济环境如何通过资源分配模式调节个体社会动机对生育决策的影响。在实践层面，这些发现为理解社会经济的环境因素与进化动机的个体因素对生育决策共同影响的机制提供了心理学视角的实证证据，为制定科学有效的生育激励政策提供了心理学依据。</p
The Relationship and Mechanisms between Community Age-Friendly Environment and Well-being among Older Adults: From the Perspective of Social Function Promotion.
No full text随着全球人口老龄化的加剧，构建年龄友好型社区已成为应对老龄化的重要策略。社区环境不仅直接影响老年人的幸福感，更是实现“就地养老”理念的关键支撑。基于社会功能促进视角，本研究旨在探讨社区年龄友好环境对老年人幸福感（生活满意度和抑郁）的影响及其作用机制。本研究通过三项研究，采用多 方法和多数据来源，系统验证了社区环境对老年人幸福感的直接影响以及社区参与（文娱参与和志愿参与）的中介作用。
研究一基于 2018 年和 2020 年的中国老年社会追踪调查（China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, CLASS）数据，以 9165 名 60 岁以上老年人为研究对象，分析了社区年龄友好环境相关指标对老年人幸福感的影响。结果表明，社区年龄友好环境对老年人幸福感有显著正向影响，文娱参与在其中起到中介作用，而志愿参与的影响不显著。
研究二以社区 724 名 55 岁以上老年人为对象，通过编制的社区年龄友好环境量表，进一步探讨了社区年龄友好环境与老年人幸福感（生活满意度和抑郁）的关系，以及社区参与对上述关系的中介作用。结果显示，基于国内外研究和本土社区实践编制的社区年龄友好具有良好的信效度和本土适用性；社区环境及其子维度正向预测了生活满意度，负向预测了抑郁倾向；文娱参与在社区年龄友好环境及其子维度与生活满意度之间起到中介作用；文娱参与和志愿参与在社区年龄友好环境及其子维度与抑郁之间均起到中介作用，其中文娱参与的中介效应更为显著。
研究三抽取 42 名社区 55-75 岁老年人，采用 Q 分类技术并结合质性访谈，识别老年人社区友好环境的基本需求类型，并进一步探测年龄友好环境对幸福感的影响及其机制。结果显示，通过 Q 分类技术识别出老年人对良好社区环境的三种需求类型，即居家安全导向型、环境品质优先型和社会参与驱动型。这一发现揭示了老年人对社区环境的多样化需求，强调了在年龄友好社区建设中应兼顾普遍性和群体差异性。质性访谈的结果初步揭示，不同类型的需求可能对两种社区参与类型产生不同的影响，进而影响幸福感。
本研究通过多项研究和多数据来源，结合量化和质性研究，验证了社区年龄友好环境对老年人幸福感的积极意义及其机制，在理论、实践和方法学上具有一定的创新意义。首先，总体上，社区年龄友好环境及其主要方面对老年人幸福感产生了不同程度的积极影响。其次，研究从社会功能增强的角度揭示了社区年龄友好环境影响老年人幸福感的行为机制，丰富了积极老龄化理论和活动理论的内涵。第三，研究还从类型学角度剖析了不同老年群体对社区环境的异质性需求，拓展了人-环境匹配观点在老年心理学领域的证据。另外，基于国内外已有工具和本土化实践编制的社区年龄友好环境量表表现出良好的信效度，为未来国内社区环境心理学的研究提供了实用的工具。
从社区建设和管理的实践上，优化社区物理环境、提升服务可及性、拓展社会参与渠道对老年人幸福感和生活质量具有积极意义，同时需关注老年群体对友好环境的异质性需求，以最大程度满足不同群体对社区环境改善和建设的不同诉求。混合方法的应用不仅验证了理论模型的普适性，还通过质性数据揭示了群体差异的内在逻辑，为政策制定提供了多维视角的科学依据。</p
Prevalence and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese school-attending students aged 6-16: a national survey
No full textBackground Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Despite its significance, no large-scale epidemiological study assessing ADHD, and its associated comorbidities in children and adolescents has been conducted in China. Methods Within a national epidemiological survey of 73,992 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 16 in China, we used the CBCL, MINI-KID, and DSM-IV to identify ADHD and its comorbid conditions. Chi-square tests were utilized to compare the prevalence estimates across varied age and sex groups. Results The overall ADHD prevalence was estimated at 6.4% (95% CI: 6.2-7.0%). Broken down by subtypes, ADHD-I had a prevalence of 3.9%, ADHD-C was at 1.7%, and ADHD-H was at 0.9%. Boys and the younger age bracket recorded higher prevalence rates for ADHD and its subtypes (p < 0.001). Among ADHD-diagnosed individuals, 53% exhibited at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) was the most prevalent comorbidity for ADHD-C and ADHD-H, at 58%, while anxiety disorders, at 17%, were predominant among ADHD-I cases. ODD/CD was notably higher among younger subjects (p < 0.001). In contrast, anxiety disorders were more frequent in older children and in girls (p < 0.001). Tic disorders showed a higher prevalence in younger boys, whereas mood and substance use disorders were more common in older boys (p < 0.001). Conclusions ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with high comorbidity rates that vary substantially across subtypes, age, and sex. These clinical heterogeneities complicate management and highlight the need for tailored interventions
A cross-sectional study on the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and somatic symptoms in young bipolar disorder patients
No full textBackground Bipolar disorder (BD) with somatic symptoms is a prevalent and refractory clinical syndrome in young patients. Interoception is an important mechanism for coordinating internal physiological and mood states to maintain individual homeostasis, and its mediating physiological systems and brain network dynamics undergo significant development from adolescence to young adulthood. It remains unclear whether interoception is altered and how it relates to somatic and mood symptoms in youths with BD. Methods This study recruited 71 youths (aged 14-25) with BD during maintenance status and 111 age-matched controls. Demographic characteristics, interoceptive sensitivity, somatic symptoms, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis H test, partial correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the alteration of interoception in BD patients and its association with somatic and mood symptoms. Results BD patients showed lower interoception sensitivity and higher somatic and mood symptoms than controls (p < 0.001). Those with somatic symptoms had the highest depression and anxiety (p < 0.001) but the lowest scores in not-distracting, not-worrying, self-regulation, and trust (p < 0.05). Interoceptive indicators correlated with mood and somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). Not-distracting was the sole predictor of somatic and mood issues, maintaining significance after controlling for mood symptoms (p < 0.05), highlighting attentional focus as a key factor in BD youths. Conclusion BD youths exhibit deficits in interoception sensitivity, somatic symptoms, and mood issues. The not-distracting aspect of interoception significantly correlates with mood and somatic symptoms in youths with BD, providing insights and targeted strategies for managing psychosomatic symptoms in this demographic. Limitations This study has several limitations. First, the control group's inclusion and exclusion criteria lacking clinical validation. Second, assessment for mood and somatic symptoms relied on screening tools rather than validated questionnaires, and structured clinical evaluations for BD were not conducted. Third, medication effects were not considered. Fourth, some psychiatric conditions (e.g., borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc.) comorbid were not considered. Finally, causal relationships cannot be inferred, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies.</p
Editorial: Machine learning approaches for monitoring mental health and substance abuse using social media data
No full textQuantitative threshold effects identification of urban green exposure on multidimensional human health - A case study in Xiamen City, China
No full textUrban green spaces benefit health, and several cities have set specific greening targets or proposed guidelines to increase the presence of green spaces. However, the development of urban green spaces is restricted by the complex urban environment. The quantitative threshold effects of passive green exposure levels and human health are still not clear. Addressing this gap is crucial for effective urban planning, particularly in densely built environments with limited land resources, as it helps prevent uneven resource distribution and waste. This study explored a threshold effects identification framework related to human health based on quantifying passive green exposure, which characterizes the supply and service capacity of urban green spaces. A case study in Xiamen included a survey of 902 investigated individuals was conducted to collect self-reported health data. Their passive green exposure was quantified using open access geospatial data to quantify the individuals' actual green visibility, availability and proximity. A generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to detect non-linear relationships and identify threshold effects by its derivative. The results showed significant non-linear relationships exist between green visibility and availability and physical health in Xiamen City, with threshold effects. At the individual level, achieving the green visibility thresholds (0.1 and 0.15) and availability thresholds (0.26 and 0.35) were associated with significant social health benefits. Future research should integrate both active and passive green exposure metrics and employ threshold effects identification in different urban contexts, providing more accurate guidance for healthier urban green spaces planning.</p
The effect of time pressure and ego depletion on young children's helping behavior
No full textBased on the theory of limited cognitive resources and the dual-process theory, this study explores the mechanisms by which time pressure (an external factor) and ego depletion (an internal factor) affect helping behavior in children aged 4 to 6 years through two experiments. Experiment 1 (n = 153, M = 5.42 years, SD = 0.71) examined the impact of time pressure on children's helping behavior, while Experiment 2 (n = 221, M = 5.41 years, SD = 0.76) investigated the role of ego depletion. The results revealed that both time pressure and ego depletion significantly inhibited children's helping behavior, with notable age-related differences in these effects: the helping behavior of 4- and 5-year-old children was significantly reduced under conditions of time pressure and resource depletion, whereas 6-year-old children demonstrated greater resistance to these disruptions. These findings suggest that children's helping behavior relies more on the cognitive processing of the deliberative system rather than the automatic responses of the intuitive system. Furthermore, as children grow older, they gradually develop more effective cognitive resource regulation abilities to counteract the negative effects of resource depletion.</p
Gut microbiome characteristics in individuals across different stages of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with unclear pathogenesis, limiting advances in early diagnosis and targeted interventions. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome contributed to SCZ pathophysiology, yet comprehensive characterization across illness stages remains lacking. This metaanalysis aimed to characterize gut microbial alterations across the SCZ spectrum disorder, including individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis, first-episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic SCZ patients. A systematic search of 10 databases identified 91 case-control studies. Gut microbial outcome measures included relative abundance, alpha and beta diversity. Review Manager and R were used to analyze the data. The results showed that patients with SCZ exhibited significantly reduced alpha diversity, particularly in Shannon, Chao1, Observe and Evenness indices, compared to healthy controls. Beta diversity also differed significantly, with 88.5 % of studies reporting distinct microbial profiles across SCZ stages. Quantitative analysis revealed significantly increased relative abundance of Bacteroides and a decrease abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli in FEP patients compared to healthy controls. Qualitative analysis further showed increasing abundance in Lactobacillus, Prevotella and Collinsella, but decreasing abundance in Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, and Blautia in SCZ. Bifidobacterium exhibited stage-specific changes, decreasing in first-episode psychosis but increasing in chronic stages, while Bacteroides followed an opposite trajectory. Notably, Lactobacillus demonstrated an early upward tractor in high-risk individuals, persisting to chronic stages. This meta-analysis identified dynamic and consistent alterations in the gut microbial across the SCZ spectrum. These findings implicated the potentials of gut microbes as early indicators for identification and intervention of SCZ.</p
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