Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The relationship between moral identity and prosocial behavior in adolescents: the parallel mediating roles of general belongingness and moral elevation
No full textAdolescence has long been acknowledged as a crucial period in fostering and advancing moral identity and prosocial behavior. While moral identity, in the social cognitive model, has generally been considered to promote prosocial behavior, yet a more in-depth investigation of the mediation mechanism underlying this relationship in adolescents still remains to be undertaken. Utilizing the latent variable structural equation model (SEM), this study examined both dimensions of moral identity and their relationship with prosocial behavior in adolescents (12 to 16 years), as well as the parallel mediating roles of general belongingness and moral elevation in this relationship. Participants (n = 1,000) from two public schools in China completed measures of moral identity internalization/symbolization, prosocial behavior, general belongingness, and moral elevation. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between two dimensions of moral identity and prosocial behavior. They supported that moral identity internalization and symbolization are associated with prosocial behavior through a parallel mediation effect of general belongingness and moral elevation, with moral elevation showing a stronger effect for both dimensions. In the comparison of indirect pathways, moral identity internalization demonstrated a stronger correlation with prosocial behavior than moral identity symbolization. Drawing from the social cognitive model of moral identity, this study examined the relationship between moral identity and prosocial behavior in adolescents, as well as the psychological mechanisms underlying this relationship. By examining both dimensions of moral identity and their mediating pathways to prosocial behavior, this study aimed to broaden our understanding of this relationship.</p
The Double-Edged sword of parental empathy in parenting practice and its association with children's externalizing and internalizing problems
No full textNumerous studies highlight the double-edged sword effect of empathy on individual's multidimensional outcomes. Research has shown that empathy dimensions, such as self-oriented contagion, may exacerbate the occurrence of maladaptive behaviors, while other-oriented concern dimension can benefit the emergence of prosocial behaviors. However, the dual impact of empathy within parenting practice remains insufficiently explored. This longitudinal study of early school-age children (across three developmental stages at 7, 9, and 11 years old, N = 146) aimed to examine the influence of parental empathy (contagion and concern), as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and Empathy Index, on parenting behaviors and children's externalizing and internalizing problems. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of parenting behaviors in the relationship between parental empathy and children's externalizing and internalizing problems, with a specific focus on gender differences among parents. The results revealed that parents' concern positively predicted positive parenting, while contagion positively predicted negative parenting only found in the mother sample. Moreover, parents' negative parenting mediated the relationship between their contagion traits and children's externalizing problems, and mothers' negative parenting also mediated the relationship between their concern and children's externalizing problems. Additionally, mothers' positive parenting was identified as a fully mediating variable in the prediction of children's problem behaviors by mothers' concern traits. These findings are of significant importance for understanding the double-edged sword effect of empathy in human society, providing a new perspective for promoting positive parenting practice and preventing the emergence of children's externalizing problems.</p
The unity/diversity framework of executive functions: behavioral and neural evidence in older adults
No full textExecutive functions (EFs), encompassing inhibition, shifting, and updating as three fundamental subdomains, are typically characterized by a unity/diversity construct. However, given the dedifferentiation trend observed in aging, it remains controversial whether the construct of EFs in older adults becomes unidimensional or maintains unity/diversity. This study aims to explore and validate the construct of EFs in older adults. At the behavioral level, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis on data from 222 older adults who completed six tasks specifically targeting inhibition, shifting, and updating. One unidimensional model and six unity/diversity models of EFs were evaluated. Our results indicated that the EFs of older adults demonstrated greater congruence with the unity/diversity construct. At neural level, thirty older adults completed three thematically consistent fMRI tasks, targeting three subdomains of EFs respectively. Multivariate pattern analysis showed that rostromedial prefrontal cortex robustly showed similar neural representation across different tasks (unity). Meanwhile, the three EF domains were encoded by distinct global neural representation and the lateral prefrontal cortex play a crucial role in classification (diversity). These findings underscore the unity/diversity framework of EFs in older adults and offer important insights for designing interventions aimed at improving EFs in this population
No time to slow down: Time poverty predicts fast life history strategy via dissatisfaction of basic psychological needs
No full textResource scarcity was found to affect individuals' life history strategy development, but mainly from the perspective of tangible material resources. Using a three-wave longitudinal design, we investigated the link between intangible time resource scarcity (i.e., time poverty) and life history strategy, and whether basic psychological need satisfaction was the key mediator of the relationship between them. A total of 687 Chinese college students were surveyed three times during one semester with six-week intervals. Results of cross-lagged panel models suggested that high levels of perceived time poverty would lead to frustration in satisfying individuals' basic psychological needs, especially in fulfilling their competence need (rather than autonomy or relatedness), thus accelerate individuals' (fast) life history strategies. This study disentangled the differential mediating roles of different psychological needs satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness) in these longitudinal associations, highlighting how intangible resource-scarce environment is linked with life history strategy. The current findings provide valuable information to inform interventions aiming to buffer the potentially detrimental effects of time poverty.</p
Work stressors and aggressive driving: The mediating roles of stress appraisals
No full textWhile the association between work stressors and the risk of traffic accidents and driving lapses has been established, there is a lack of research exploring the relationship between work stressors and aggressive driving-a notable contributor to traffic incidents and injuries. To fill this gap, the present study utilized the challenge-hindrance stressor framework and the transactional theory of stress to investigate the effects of these stressors on aggressive driving behaviors, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of challenge and hindrance appraisals. We used time-lagged design and gathered self-reported data from 247 employees at a Chinese company over three distinct time points. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that both challenge and hindrance stressors are positively associated with aggressive driving, with their effects mediated by corresponding appraisals of challenge and hindrance. Notably, challenge appraisals were inversely related to aggressive driving. Our study is one of the first attempts to explore the relationship between work stressors and aggressive driving, underscoring the critical role of stress appraisals in understanding responses to stressors
Characterizing the Profile of Anhedonia in Individuals With Schizotypal Traits, Subthreshold Depression and Autistic Traits
Get PDFAnhedonia is believed to be transdiagnostic symptom exist in various disorders including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. However, very few studies attempted to profile subclinical samples with schizophrenia, depressive, and autistic symptoms using measures of anhedonia scales. This study adopted a cluster analytical approach to examine the anhedonia profile in 46 individuals with schizotypal trait (ST), 43 subthreshold depression (SD), 27 autistic trait (AT), and 41 healthy controls. They completed a set of checklists capturing different dimensions of anhedonia including the anticipatory and consummatory interpersonal pleasure scale, the temporal experience of pleasure scale, the motivation and pleasure scale and the belief about pleasure scale. Cluster analysis was conducted on these measures among the merged sample of ST, SD, and AT. To validate the clusters, we administered measures on nonsocial reward processing, self-reported empathy, and social functioning. A three-cluster solution was found to be the best fit. Cluster 1 (n = 48) showed high pleasure experience, motivation, and belief about pleasure and spread evenly across three groups. Cluster 2 (n = 31) was characterized by low levels of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure specifically for the social domain, largely comprised of individuals with ST. Cluster 3 (n = 37) showed low levels of consummatory pleasure, motivation, and belief about pleasure, largely comprised of individuals with SD. The resultant clusters differed in social process and functioning. The current findings suggested distinct anhedonia subtypes within different subclinical populations. These findings may have implications for early detection and prevention for anhedonia.</p
Duration of untreated psychosis and cognitive function in first-episode antipsychotic-na?ve schizophrenia: Evidence from auditory P300
Get PDFObjective: The relationship between the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and cognitive function in schizophrenia (SZ) patients remains debated, with no empirical evidence from event-related potential (ERP) studies supporting their association. This study aims to investigate the relationship between DUP and cognitive functions, as well as psychiatric symptoms, in first-episode antipsychotic-na & iuml;ve SZ (FEAN-SZ) patients using ERP. Methods: The study included 321 Chinese FEAN-SZ patients and 146 healthy controls. The DUP and sociodemographic characteristics of all participants were collected, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The P300 (P3) components, including P3a, P3b and N100, were recorded from all participants using auditory oddball paradigm. Results: 25.5 % of patients did not receive timely treatment for over four years, and those with lower educational levels or more severe negative symptoms had longer DUP (p = 0.027, p = 0.020). Compared to healthy controls, FEAN-SZ patients exhibited longer latencies and lower amplitudes in the P3 components (all p(s) < 0.001). Significant differences in the P3 components were observed among three groups of DUP (< 8 months, 8 to 48 months, and >= 48 months) (all p(s) < 0.001). In the 8 <= DUP < 48 months group, the N1 amplitude and P3a latency predicted positive symptom scores and general psychopathology scores, respectively (beta = -0.165, p = 0.037; beta = 0.541, p < 0.001); P3b latency predicted negative symptom scores in the DUP < 8 months group (beta = 0.391, p < 0.001). N1 amplitude predicted general psychopathology scores only in the DUP > 48 months group (beta = -0.228, p = 0.040). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the latency and amplitude of P3a were independently associated with DUP (B = 0.124, p < 0.001; B = -1.161, p = 0.012). Conclusions: SZ patients who have a longer DUP exhibit more severe P3 deficits, and the P3 components may be indicative of different psychiatric symptom severity in DUPs of different lengths, as well as the P3a component may serve as an electrophysiologic marker to assess the length of DUP.</p
The role of 15 mA and 77.5 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation in blood pressure regulation: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA, targeting the forehead and mastoid areas, has proven efficacious in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) by simultaneously stimulating multiple brain nuclei and regions, many of which are critical for blood pressure regulation. This post hoc analysis aimed to assess the potential blood pressure-lowering effects of 77.5 Hz, 15 mA tACS in first-episode drug-naive MDD patients with normotension. Methods: Data from a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving first-episode drug-naive MDD patients were analyzed. Participants underwent 20 sessions of either active tACS or sham stimulation. Vital signs, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were measured at baseline, after treatment (Week 4), and at follow-up (Week 8). Multivariate linear regression and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to evaluate the effects of the treatment on blood pressure. Results: Totally 68 participants were analysis (33 in the sham group and 35 in the active group). By Week 4, the active tACS group exhibited a significant reduction in both SBP and DBP compared to the sham group (coefficient - 2.04, 95 % CI -3.01 to -1.07, p < 0.001 on SBP, and coefficient - 1.92, 95 % CI -2.69 to -1.18, p < 0.001 on DBP). Conclusions: tACS at 77.5 Hz and 15 mA can effectively reduce SBP and DBP in first-episode drug-naive depressive individuals with normotension, with greater reductions observed in those with higher baseline levels.</p
The impact of emotional abuse on Internet addiction in Chinese children: the sequential mediation roles of emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy
No full textBackground In China, emotional abuse and Internet addiction are increasingly prevalent among children, with significant negative effects on their development. Previous research has identified childhood emotional abuse as a major risk factor for Internet addiction in both adolescents and adults. However, the immediate impact of emotional abuse on children's Internet addiction within Chinese culture remains unclear.Objective This study aimed to investigate the impact of emotional abuse on Internet addiction through emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in Chinese children.Methods A sample of 556 fourth to sixth grade primary school students (girls, 46.6%) with an average age of 10.30 +/- 0.93 years were recruited from a central province in China. Participants completed the paper-and-pencil survey on emotional abuse, emotional dysregulation, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, and Internet addiction. The hypothesized model was tested using Mplus 8.3 with 5,000 bootstrap samples.Results Emotional abuse positively predicts Internet addiction in children; emotional dysregulation and regulatory emotional self-efficacy mediate this relationship independently, and have chain-mediating effects in this relationship.Conclusion Emotional abuse impacts children's Internet addiction through the development of emotional regulation and self-perception of their abilities in emotional regulation. The findings offer potential strategies for preventing children's Internet addiction
A simple clustering approach to map the human brain's cortical semantic network organization during task
No full textConstructing task-state large-scale brain networks can enhance our understanding of the organization of brain functions during cognitive tasks. The primary goal of brain network partitioning is to cluster functionally homogeneous brain regions. However, a brain region often serves multiple cognitive functions, complicating the partitioning process. This study proposes a novel clustering method for partitioning large-scale brain networks based on specific cognitive functions, selecting semantic representation as the target cognitive function to evaluate the validity of the proposed method. Specifically, we analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 11 subjects, each exposed to 672 concepts, and correlated this with semantic rating data related to these concepts. We identified distinct semantic networks based on the concept comprehension task and validated the robustness of our network partitioning through multiple methods. We found that the semantic networks derived from multidimensional semantic activation clustering exhibit high reliability and crosssemantic model consistency (semantic ratings and word embeddings extracted from GPT-2), particularly in networks associated with high semantic functions. Moreover, these semantic networks exhibits significant differences from the resting-state and task-based brain networks obtained using traditional methods. Further analysis revealed functional differences between semantic networks, including disparities in their multidimensional semantic representation capabilities, differences in the information modalities they rely on to acquire semantic information, and varying associations with general cognitive domains. This study introduces a novel approach for analyzing brain networks tailored to specific cognitive functions, establishing a standard semantic parcellation with seven networks for future research, potentially enriching our understanding of complex cognitive processes and their neural bases
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