Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Structural brain changes in the anterior cingulate cortex of major depressive disorder individuals with suicidal ideation: Evidence from the REST-meta-MDD project
No full textBackground. Suicidal ideation (SI) is very common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, its neural mechanisms remain unclear. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region may be associated with SI in MDD patients. This study aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms of SI in MDD patients by analyzing changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in brain structures in the ACC region, which has not been adequately studied to date. Methods. According to the REST-meta-MDD project, this study subjects consisted of 235 healthy controls and 246 MDD patients, including 123 MDD patients with and 123 without SI, and their structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether there was a correlation between GMV of ACC and SI in MDD patients. Results. MDD patients with SI had higher HAMD scores and greater GMV in bilateral ACC compared to MDD patients without SI (all p < 0.001). GMV of bilateral ACC was positively correlated with SI in MDD patients and entered the regression equation in the subsequent logistic regression analysis. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that GMV of ACC may be associated with SI in patients with MDD and is a sensitive biomarker of SI
Neuronal mechanisms of nociceptive-evoked gamma-band oscillations in rodents
No full textGamma-band oscillations (GBOs) in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) play key roles in nociceptive processing. Yet, one crucial question remains unaddressed: what neuronal mechanisms underlie nociceptiveevoked GBOs? Here, we addressed this question using a range of somatosensory stimuli (nociceptive and non-nociceptive), neural recording techniques (electroencephalography in humans and silicon probes and calcium imaging in rodents), and optogenetics (alone or simultaneously with electrophysiology in mice). We found that (1) GBOs encoded pain intensity independent of stimulus intensity in humans, (2) GBOs in S1 encoded pain intensity and were triggered by spiking of S1 interneurons, (3) parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons preferentially tracked pain intensity, and critically, (4) PV S1 interneurons causally modulated GBOs and pain-related behaviors for both thermal and mechanical pain. These findings provide causal evidence that nociceptive-evoked GBOs preferentially encoding pain intensity are generated by PV interneurons in S1, thereby laying a solid foundation for developing GBO-based targeted pain therapies
Attachment Security Priming Reduces Risk-Taking and Emotional Responses to Loss
No full textWe examined the effects of attachment security priming on economic risky decisions and their neural underpinnings. Participants were exposed to either attachment security primes (N = 28) or control primes (N = 29) and then completed a gambling task while connected to an electroencephalogram system. We anticipated that attachment security priming would affect risky decision-making at both the behavioral and neural levels. Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 components were analyzed. At the behavioral level, participants in the attachment security priming group selected less risky choices than those in the control group. At the neural level, participants exposed to attachment security primes exhibited attenuated FRN but no significant difference in P3 amplitude. The regression analysis showed that small P3 amplitude predicted large risk-taking tendencies in the control priming group, whereas P3 amplitude did not significantly predict risk-taking tendencies in the attachment security priming group. These findings suggest how boosted attachment security affects economic risky decisions: It lowers people's affective reactions to undesirable outcomes and buffers people's underestimation of the outcome salience. Specifically, attachment security seems to attenuate risk-taking by preventing people from down playing the significance of outcomes. Our findings extend existing knowledge by demonstrating attachment security priming ability to reduce risk-taking tendencies beyond naturalistic to economic decisions
Negative Schizotypy Associated With Weaker Intersubject Correlation in Dynamic Functional Connectivity During Empathic Accuracy Task
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Previous studies on Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) suggested patients with schizophrenia exhibited altered brain activations in the precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and thalamus. However, it remains unclear whether individuals with schizotypy would exhibit similar alterations of brain activations associated with EAT. This study aimed to examine the relationships between schizotypy and intersubject correlation (ISC) during EAT.Study Design Forty-seven college students undertook the Chinese version of EAT in a 3T MRI scanner. The Chapman Social Anhedonia Scale (CSAS) and Perceptual Aberration Scale (PAS) were used to capture negative and positive schizotypy, respectively. We adopted GLM analysis, ISC analyses of brain activation, and dynamic functional connectivity during EAT to examine its association with dimensional schizotypy and self-report empathy.Study Results Regardless of schizotypy scores, brain activations in the middle occipital cortex, precuneus, lingual gyrus, paracentral gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were associated with participants' empathic accuracy, while strong ISC of brain activations were found in bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG). Negative schizotypy was associated with ISC of brain activation in the precentral gyrus and dynamic connectivity between the STG and ACC, both of which further mediated the associations between negative schizotypy and self-report affective empathy.Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that weaker intersubject synchronization of brain activation in the precentral gyrus and dynamic connectivity between the STG and ACC is related to negative schizotypy. Our findings may shed light on the underlying neural mechanisms of impaired social cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Relationship Between Schizotypal Traits, Emotion Regulation, and Negative Affect in Children: A Network Analysis
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Evidence suggests that emotion regulation is related to schizotypal traits and negative affect in adults. Few studies examined the interplay among these constructs in school-aged children. We examined the complex relationship between schizotypal traits, emotion regulation, and negative affect in children aged 9-12 years.Study Design One-thousand-and-nineteen children completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-children (SPQ-C), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescence (ERQ-CA). Using subscales of these measures as nodes, we estimated a partial correlation network. We estimated a Directed Acyclic Graph to explore the putative directional relationship between schizotypal traits, emotion regulation, and negative affect. Node and bridge centrality indices were estimated.Results We found positive correlations between schizotypal dimensions and negative affect (depressed mood, anxiety, and stress) in the network. Emotion suppression was positively correlated with interpersonal and disorganized schizotypal dimensions, and negative affect. Emotion reappraisal was positively correlated with the cognitive-perceptual dimension and negatively correlated with interpersonal schizotypal traits, depressed mood, and stress. Stress showed higher strength than all nodes except depressed mood, and stress showed the highest expected influence (EI). The Bayesian network revealed that schizotypal traits appeared to be driven by stress. Network comparisons preliminarily showed higher EI for emotion reappraisal in girls' than boys' networks, and significant impacts of age and schizotypy levels on network patterns.Conclusion Children with higher levels of schizotypal traits may have more negative affect and suppression. Stress appears to drive schizotypal traits.</p
Personal Goal-Related Mental Time Travel and Its Association With Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Individuals With High Schizotypal Traits
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Mental time travel (MTT) is a crucial ability for daily life. Personal goal-related MTT events has stronger phenomenological characteristics than personal goal-unrelated ones, ie, the "personal goal-advantage effect". However, it remains unclear whether this effect is impacted in individuals with high schizotypal traits (HST) and the neural correlates of this effect have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to fill these knowledge gaps. We hypothesized that HST would show a reduced "personal goal-advantage effect" in MTT and would exhibit altered relationships with resting-state functional connectivity.Study Design In Study 1, 37 HST and 40 individuals with low schizotypal traits (LST) were recruited. Participants generated MTT events with personal goal-related and personal goal-unrelated cues. In Study 2, 39 HST and 38 LST were recruited, they completed the same behavioral task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning.Study Results Both Study 1 and Study 2 revealed that HST exhibited reduced "personal goal-advantage effect" on MTT specificity. Moreover, Study 2 showed that compared with LST, HST exhibited altered association between the "personal goal-advantage effect" and functional connectivity (ie, between the right precuneus and the left postcentral gyrus and "personal goal-advantage effect" on emotional valence, between the left hippocampus and the right temporal fusiform gyrus and "personal goal-advantage effect" on emotional intensity).Conclusions These findings suggest that HST exhibit a reduced "personal goal-advantage effect" in MTT specificity and altered neural correlates related to this effect. The "personal goal-advantage effect" may be a potential target for intervention in HST
Personal Goal-Related Mental Time Travel and Its Association With Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Individuals With High Schizotypal Traits
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Mental time travel (MTT) is a crucial ability for daily life. Personal goal-related MTT events has stronger phenomenological characteristics than personal goal-unrelated ones, ie, the "personal goal-advantage effect". However, it remains unclear whether this effect is impacted in individuals with high schizotypal traits (HST) and the neural correlates of this effect have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to fill these knowledge gaps. We hypothesized that HST would show a reduced "personal goal-advantage effect" in MTT and would exhibit altered relationships with resting-state functional connectivity.Study Design In Study 1, 37 HST and 40 individuals with low schizotypal traits (LST) were recruited. Participants generated MTT events with personal goal-related and personal goal-unrelated cues. In Study 2, 39 HST and 38 LST were recruited, they completed the same behavioral task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning.Study Results Both Study 1 and Study 2 revealed that HST exhibited reduced "personal goal-advantage effect" on MTT specificity. Moreover, Study 2 showed that compared with LST, HST exhibited altered association between the "personal goal-advantage effect" and functional connectivity (ie, between the right precuneus and the left postcentral gyrus and "personal goal-advantage effect" on emotional valence, between the left hippocampus and the right temporal fusiform gyrus and "personal goal-advantage effect" on emotional intensity).Conclusions These findings suggest that HST exhibit a reduced "personal goal-advantage effect" in MTT specificity and altered neural correlates related to this effect. The "personal goal-advantage effect" may be a potential target for intervention in HST.</p
Effects of comorbid alexithymia on cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a large-sample study on the Han Chinese population
No full textBackground Alexithymia and cognitive dysfunction are common in patients with schizophrenia. However, only a few studies have investigated the cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid alexithymia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and neurocognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 695 patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were included in this cross-sectional study (male/female = 464/231). Demographic and clinical data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. The severity of alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) tool, and the severity of psychiatric symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results The prevalence of comorbid alexithymia in patients with chronic schizophrenia was 31.40%, with a male preponderance. Patients with alexithymia had higher PANSS negative symptom subscale scores and PANSS total scores than those without alexithymia (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, patients with alexithymia had more severe deficits in immediate memory, delayed memory, and language and lower RBANS scores than those without alexithymia. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that alexithymia was a risk factor for language deficits and indicated low total RBANS scores in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion This study suggests that patients with chronic schizophrenia with alexithymia have poorer cognitive function than those without alexithymia. Some demographic characteristics and alexithymia are risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic schizophrenia
Mindfulness and Depression: Chain Mediation of Rumination and Cognitive Reappraisal
No full textPurpose: The current study examined rumination and cognitive reappraisal as mediators of the relationship between mindfulness and depression. Methods: A total of 394 Chinese participants were included in this study. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Chinese version of the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used for assessing mindfulness, rumination, cognitive reappraisal and depression respectively. Results: (i) Mindfulness and depression were significantly negatively correlated; (ii) Rumination mediated between mindfulness and depression; (iii) Cognitive reappraisal mediated between mindfulness and depression. (iv) Mindfulness had a significant indirect effect on depression. Results supported a chain mediation model where mindfulness was found to influence depression via rumination and cognitive reappraisal. Conclusion: The results verified the chain mediation effect of rumination and cognitive reappraisal between mindfulness and depression, which is of great significance for improving the mental health level of individuals.</p
A review of intelligent psychological assessment based on interactive environment
No full text游戏化心理测评利用游戏元素来增强被试的参与动机并提升测量准确性，但该类方法过于关注静态结果。通过对融入人工智能技术的游戏化心理测评进行系统性研究，本文定义了基于交互环境的智能心理测评范式，其基于对游戏内动态过程数据的分析，能够精准地描记受测者在交互情境中的操作过程与结果，更有效地表征个体心理状态和行为特征。这种新范式展现了在需求、数据收集与分析技术方面的进步与较大的发展潜力。</p
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