Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Stiffness-Tunable Neurotentacles for Minimally Invasive Implantation and Long-Term Neural Activity Recordings
No full textFlexible microelectrodes are ideal for chronic neural recordings; however, their low bending strength poses challenges during probe insertion. Here, a stiffness-tunable polyimide probe, termed Neurotentacle, is proposed for deep brain implantation. Its tunability is enabled by embedded microchannels with controllable liquid pressure. During insertion, the Neurotentacle becomes stiff under elevated internal pressure, allowing penetration of brain tissue without additional materials or tools. Once inserted, it regains flexibility by reducing the internal pressure. The novel ultra-thin microchannel fabrication technique enables the Neurotentacle to maintain dimensions similar to conventional flexible probes. This minimizes tissue damage during insertion while ensuring long-term biocompatibility and stability, confirmed by histological evaluations in both acute and chronic animal models. In long-term recordings, Neurotentacles outperform traditional shuttle-assisted implantation methods. The technique is straightforward, controllable, and does not require complex devices, making it ideal for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural recordings
Exploring the Relationship Between Visuospatial Integration and Memory Retrieval from the Perspectives of Complexity and Temporal Integration
No full text在信息爆炸的现代社会，人类大脑如何有效地处理、编码和提取外部刺激成为认知神经科学的重要研究课题。面对日益增长的信息流，人类必须依赖大脑的神经机制来筛选、记忆和提取关键信息。然而，当前关于感知、记忆及其神经基础的研究仍然存在许多未解之谜，特别是在外部信息复杂性与神经活动之间的关系，以及大脑如何在时间维度上组织记忆编码与提取。本论文从时空神经科学（Spatiotemporal Neuroscience）的视角，探讨了信息复杂性与内在神经时间尺度（Intrinsic Neural Timescales, INT）在感知和记忆过程中的作用。通过两个研究，我们分别考察了外部刺激的复杂性如何影响大脑神经活动及其对感知和记忆的 影响，以及大脑内在时间尺度如何调节记忆的编码和提取。
研究一旨在探讨外部刺激的复杂性如何影响感知和记忆，以及神经复杂性在这一过程中所扮演的角色。基于信息理论和算法复杂性，我们使用 Lempel-Ziv
复杂度（Lempel-Ziv complexity, LZC）测量大脑神经信号的复杂性，并将其与外部图片复杂性、感知复杂性和记忆表现进行关联分析。研究发现，图片的视觉复杂性越高，受试者的感知复杂性也越高，并且这一感知复杂性与编码过程中大脑的神经复杂性正相关。此外，我们的实验表明，编码阶段的神经复杂性最高，提取阶段居中，而静息状态的神经复杂性最低，表明大脑在不同认知任务中调节其神经复杂性，以适应不同的认知需求。更重要的是，我们发现较低的神经复杂性（更高的信号压缩）有助于提高记忆准确性和精确度，并减少误报。这意味着，尽管复杂的外部刺激可能增加感知的负担，但更高效的神经信号压缩可以优化记忆过程，提高提取的准确性。这一结果揭示了信号压缩作为信息复杂性的关键机制，在感知和记忆过程中起到了“桥梁”作用，连接了外部刺激、大脑神经活动、感知和记忆过程。这一发现不仅填补了认知神经科学领域的理论空白，还可能为人工智能的信息处理策略提供新的启示。
研究二进一步探讨了内在神经时间尺度（INT）如何在神经和行为层面上调节记忆编码与提取。我们使用自相关窗口（Autocorrelation window, ACW）测量大脑的时间整合能力，并分析编码和提取阶段的时间尺度差异。研究发现，编码阶段的 ACW 显著长于提取阶段，表明编码过程中大脑倾向于时间整合，以形成更稳定的记忆痕迹，而提取过程则依赖于较短的时间窗口，以实现信息的时间隔离。这种时间尺度的动态调整体现了大脑在不同认知任务中对时间尺度的自适应性调控。此外，编码和提取阶段的 ACW 之间存在高度相关性，说明大脑在编码和提取过程中保持了一致的时间结构。这一发现支持了记忆的时间连续性假说，即记忆编码与提取并非两个完全独立的过程，而是通过共享的神经时间尺度联系在一起。研究还发现，静息状态的ACW在一定程度上预测编码和提取期间的ACW，并与记忆表现相关，表明大脑的自发动态对任务相关认知过程具有调节作用。这一结果支持了“静息状态活动为认知任务提供基准”的理论，强调了静息状态下大脑的自发活动如何影响后续的信息处理和记忆表现。
综合来看，本论文的研究结果支持了时空神经科学的观点，强调信息复杂性和神经时间尺度在感知和记忆中的关键作用。研究一通过信号压缩揭示了外部刺激与神经活动、感知和记忆之间的联系，表明大脑在感知复杂刺激时会调整其神经复杂性，以优化信息编码和提取。研究二通过内在神经时间尺度（INT）展示了大脑如何通过时间整合与时间隔离连接记忆的编码和提取过程，表明大脑的时间组织对于记忆处理至关重要。</p
The effect of maternal negative emotional states on early parent-child interaction: the role of attention bias
No full text亲子互动是父母与子女交互作用的方式和过程，这种双向互动让我们能更好地理解自己和他人。当前关于母亲负性情绪状态对早期亲子互动影响的研究结论存在一定争议。一部分文献认为，母亲抑郁和母亲焦虑对亲子互动的影响方向不一致，抑郁导致母亲表现冷漠，焦虑导致母亲过度觉醒；而另一部分文献认为焦虑抑郁是母亲常患的共病，其对亲子互动的影响方向一致。当前研究大多只采用纵向追踪或者只采用横断研究方法，无法像纵向和横断研究结合的方法一样同时揭示相关性与因果关系，并提供更广泛的跨时间点对比。所以母亲抑郁和母亲焦虑如何影响亲子互动有待进一步研究。
母亲抑郁和焦虑已被广泛地与养育行为以及儿童的不良社会结果联系在一起，并被认为是非适应性养育行为的最重要的预测因素之一，但是从认知加工角度探讨母亲抑郁和焦虑如何影响亲子互动的研究并不充分。母亲的注意加工模式决定了对婴儿提供的线索的解释以及后续如何反应，所以注意过程可以视为育儿行为的“门槛”。关于母亲抑郁对婴儿情绪面孔注意偏向的研究结果存在争议，这可能受到注意加工过程的影响。焦虑母亲是否会表现出与焦虑成年人相似的注意偏向，以及这种注意偏向是否影响亲子互动还不得而知。除此之外，焦虑母亲对婴儿情绪面孔的注意偏向与抑郁母亲相比是否存在差异，存在什么样的差异，尚待讨论。
基于此本研究提出两个问题，第一，母亲负性情绪状态是否影响早期亲子互 动？第二，母亲负性情绪状态如何从认知加工角度影响早期亲子互动？针对这两个问题，研究一采用短期密集追踪的方式，通过纵向研究与横断研究相结合的方法进行探讨。实验 1 使用 28 对儿童-母亲对(其中，5 名家长抑郁得分超过临界值，3名家长焦虑得分超过临界值)在三个时间点的纵向数据探究母亲负性情绪状态和亲子互动随年龄的变化趋势，并且考察母亲抑郁焦虑水平如何动态影响亲子互动质量。结果发现，在儿童 12-24 月龄期间，亲子互动维度中偏向积极的维度呈现上升趋势，偏向消极的维度呈现下降或不变趋势。母亲抑郁的初始值越高，儿童退缩得分的改善越慢；母亲焦虑的初始值越高，家长侵扰性得分的改善越慢。实验 2 使用 160 对儿童-母亲对(其中，16 名家长抑郁得分超过临界值，10名家长焦虑得分超过临界值)的横断数据探究母亲负性情绪状态与亲子互动在不同年龄组的差异，并进一步考察母亲抑郁焦虑水平对不同年龄儿童亲子互动质量的影响。结果发现，在 0-5 岁儿童中，随着年龄的增长，家长侵扰性和儿童退缩先下降再上升，儿童投入和双方互惠先上升再下降，转折点均在 37-45 月龄之间。母亲抑郁和母亲焦虑会对亲子互动产生负面影响，具体体现在家长限制设置和儿童投入上，且母亲抑郁和母亲焦虑的影响方向存在一定差异：母亲抑郁水平高会阻碍儿童投入，母亲焦虑水平高会促进儿童投入。
研究二采用多种范式对注意偏向进行多维度测量，探讨母亲负性情绪状态是否以及如何影响母亲对婴儿情绪面孔的注意偏向，进而影响早期亲子互动质量， 并进一步比较母亲抑郁和母亲焦虑影响的差异。实验 3 采用 42 对儿童-母亲对(其中，有3名母亲达到抑郁临界值)为被试，实验 4 采用 41 对儿童-母亲对(其中，有4名母亲达到焦虑临界值)为被试，结果发现：(1)在大多数实验中，抑郁水平较高和较低的母亲均表现出对婴儿情绪面孔的注意偏向，即表现出婴儿图式效应，抑郁水平较高的母亲在注意加工的晚期阶段表现出对悲伤情绪图片的注意脱离。
(2)低焦虑水平的母亲对婴儿情绪图片的注意分配较为均衡且持续：在静态注意 偏向实验中，对婴儿面孔和成人面孔反应时差异不显著，在动态注意偏向实验中，低焦虑水平母亲对婴儿面孔和婴儿眼睛的注视总次数显著高于高焦虑母亲；高焦虑母亲在早期对婴儿图片表现出过度关注，但随后回避婴儿图片和眼睛部位，整体关注持续性较低，表现为“警觉-回避”模式。(3)在母亲负性情绪状态和母亲注意偏向共同影响早期亲子互动方面，母亲抑郁主要与偏静态的无竞争刺激注意偏向、注意维持偏向和注意选择偏向共同影响早期亲子互动，例如，相对于成人图片，高抑郁得分母亲如果对婴儿图片的无竞争刺激注意偏向越大，亲子互动的质量越好。母亲焦虑主要与动态注意偏向共同影响亲子互动。例如，相对于成人图片，高焦虑得分母亲如果对婴儿的注视次数太多，反而会导致亲子互动质量下降。
综上所述，母亲负性情绪状态不仅会对亲子互动造成影响，并且会和母亲注意偏向共同对亲子互动产生影响。母亲抑郁和焦虑在此过程中起到的作用不同，具体表现为影响的方向、维度和导致的注意模式存在差异。理解母亲负性情绪状态对亲子互动的影响，以及母亲注意偏向在其中的作用，不仅可以为不良养育行为的起源和发展提供进一步的实证证据，还能够在家庭教育实践中为养育行为提供指导。</p
Nature-based mind-body intervention for test anxiety in adolescents: a feasibility study
No full textIntroduction Traditional interventions for test anxiety often fall short of addressing the specific needs of adolescents and educational institutions due to issues of stigmatization and professionalization. In contrast, nature-based interventions (NBIs) have gained traction for their potential to enhance mental health, as they are generally accepted and cost-effective, thereby offering a promising alternative for alleviating test anxiety.Methods This study seeks to investigate the feasibility of a nature-based mind- body intervention (NMI) designed to reduce test anxiety among adolescents by integrating elements of NBIs and mind-body therapies (MBTs).Results The findings suggest that NMI can significantly diminish excessive test anxiety and academic stress, along with alleviating symptoms of general anxiety and depression.Discussion This approach presents a low-stigma, low-cost strategy for managing test anxiety in adolescents and offers valuable insights for mental health policymakers. Furthermore, it may enhance academic performance and broaden educational access for disadvantaged populations in developing countries.</p
Optimal Transport With Class Structure Exploration for Cross-Domain Speech Emotion Recognition
No full textSpeech emotion recognition (SER) has widespread applications in human-computer interaction. However, the performance of SER models often drops in domain mismatch scenarios. Although existing unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) algorithms could mitigate the domain mismatch problem by aligning feature distributions between domains, they do not consider the distribution relationship between emotion categories, thereby decreasing the capability to discriminate emotions. Moreover, directly aligning the probability distributions of different domains overlooks the emotional structure information contained in the target domain samples. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel UDA for cross-domain SER, termed Optimal Transport (OT) with Class Structure Exploration (OTCSE). OTCSE aims to measure the global probability distribution distance (GPDD) differences while considering the distribution relationship between emotional categories. Additionally, it explores the intrinsic structure information in the target samples. Specifically, we first embed joint OT into a deep SER framework to measure the GPDD between domains. Second, we propose to use a self-supervised learning (SSL)-based domain exploration module in the OT adaptation process to assist in exploring class structure information. Finally, we propose a two-step optimization strategy that allows OTCSE to update the model parameters of the SER and SSL modules end-to-end while solving the optimal transport coupling based on Sinkhorn's iteration algorithm. Experimental results in cross-domain SER demonstrate that the proposed OTCSE outperformed state-of-the-art UDAs. Further, we explore the complementarity of GPDD alignment and class structure exploration. This synergy alleviated the negative transport problem in OT and enhanced the efficiency of representation learning in SSL.</p
Family-job win-win: The relationships between family supportive supervisor behavior and family/job satisfaction and their underlying mechanism
No full text随着经济社会的快速发展以及数字化时代的到来，远程办公、弹性工作制等新型工作模式逐渐普及，员工的工作-家庭边界日益模糊。如何帮助员工平衡工作与家庭需求，已成为组织管理和学术研究的核心议题。家庭支持型主管行为作为一种非正式组织支持能够一定程度上平衡员工的家庭和工作事务，从而进一步提高员工的家庭满意度和工作满意度。本研究主要探讨家庭支持型主管行为与家庭满意度、工作满意度的关系，以及工作-家庭增益、工作-家庭冲突和工作-家庭中心性的内在机制。
本研究对山东省威海市某公司员工开展 3 次分时段调查，最终得到 584 份有效样本。数据结果显示：（1）家庭支持型主管行为显著正向预测员工的家庭满意度和工作满意度。（2）工作-家庭增益在家庭支持型主管行为和家庭满意度/工作满意度之间均起部分中介作用，工作-家庭冲突在家庭支持型主管行为和家庭满意度/工作满意度之间均起部分中介作用。（3）工作-家庭中心性调节了家 庭支持型主管行为和工作-家庭增益之间的关系，即调节了工作-家庭增益在家庭支持型主管和家庭满意度/工作满意度之间的中介作用，那些工作-家庭中心性相对较低，即相比工作更重视家庭的员工更能从家庭支持型主管行为中获益，从而促进员工的工作-家庭增益，提高员工的家庭满意度和工作满意度。
本研究考察了家庭支持型主管行为和员工家庭满意度、工作满意度的关系，并基于资源-获取-发展理论探讨其之间的中介机制，基于身份理论探索工作-家庭中心性的调节作用，具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。本研究结果期望能为企业提供管理建议，重视培养领导者的家庭支持型主管行为，帮助员工更好地平衡工作与家庭需求，从而提升员工的家庭满意度和工作满意度，实现家业共赢。</p
The Impact of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health Status of Financial Professionals: The Chain Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Mental toughness
No full text金融行业具有风险密集、资本密集、竞争激烈、高度监管、严格处罚等特点，金融从业人员长期面临较大压力。同时，随着近年来国际经济金融形势变化，国内金融机构改革和政策调整，金融从业人员的心理健康问题值得高度关注。在面临同样严峻的负面舆论环境和职业压力下，个体往往呈现出不同的反应状态。以往研究发现，自我效能感和心理韧性在压力认知和心理健康方面起了关键作用。本研究旨在系统探讨金融从业人员的压力感知、自我效能感、心理韧性和心理健康状态之间的相互关系、作用机制。
本研究采用问卷调查法和访谈法结合，选取全国不同地区、不同类型、不同金融单位的从业人员为研究对象，共收集有效问卷 344 份，并访谈了 13 名金融 行业中层以上管理人员。利用压力感知量表、自我效能量表、心理韧性量表以及心理健康症状自评量表（SCL-90）、SPSSAU 软件等研究工具，通过描述性统计分析人口学变量对心理健康的影响，运用相关分析和回归分析探讨各变量之间的关系，并借助中介效应分析验证自我效能感和心理韧性的链式中介作用。利用SPSSAU 文本分析对访谈结果进行总结提炼，找出关键心理变量。此外，结合金融行业职业特点及对经济的专业敏感性，引入经济流动性感知和环境影响因素负面舆论等，进一步分析其对心理健康的影响。
研究一发现：金融从业人员普遍压力感知水平较高，心理健康状态不佳。该群体的压力感知和心理健康状态在性别、地域、单位性质、职位、收入和从业年限等人口学变量上存在显著差异。男性、上海地区从业者、证券业从业者、基层员工以及低收入群体的压力感知较高，心理健康状况较差。
研究二发现：压力感知与心理健康状态正相关；与自我效能感、心理韧性负相关。自我效能感和心理韧性在压力感知与心理健康之间起到了链式中介作用。经济流动性感知在心理韧性和心理健康状态间起调节作用。
本研究揭示了金融从业人员压力感知和心理健康状态的现状、影响因素及其相互关系。研究结果表明，金融从业人员的心理健康不仅受到个体特征和职业背景的影响，还受到社会环境和经济预期的影响。研究结合当前经济环境和舆论环境特点引入了经济流动性感知，进一步丰富了心理健康研究的视角，为金融行业制定针对性的心理健康干预措施提供了理论依据，强调了提升自我效能感和心理韧性以应对压力环境对心理健康影响的重要性。未来研究可进一步深入分析人际关系敏感因子等社会因素在心理健康中的作用机制，以及异地任职人员的心理健康问题，以深化对金融从业人员心理健康的理解。</p
Facial StO2-based personal identification: dataset construction, feasibility study, and recognition framework
No full textBiometrics have been extensively utilized in the realm of identity recognition. However, each biometric method has its inherent limitations in specific scenarios. For example, identity recognition based on facial images is contactless but can be forged; finger vein recognition is very secure but generally requires contact collection to ensure accurate identification. In some scenarios with high security requirements, there is often a need for contactless acquisition of biometric features that cannot be forged to recognize identity. Therefore, a novel biometric, facial tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) with the advantages of robust anti-spoofing capabilities and non-contact measurement, is proposed for identity recognition. To more comprehensively verify the feasibility of facial StO2 for identity recognition, a Facial StO2 Identity Dataset (FSID148) containing 148 identities is collected and the feasibility of facial StO2 identity recognition is validated by performing verification, close-set identification, and open-set identification tasks. In order to enhance the performance of facial StO2 identity recognition, an attention-guided contrastive learning framework that enables backbones to derive discriminative identity representations from both local and global facial StO2 regions is proposed. The method proposed has achieved accuracies of 96.11%, 94.60%, and 88.51% in the aforementioned tasks, positioning facial StO2 as a promising biometric for a wide array of application scenarios.</p
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Development of Adolescent Risk-Taking: The Mediating Effect of Self-Control and Moderating Effect of Genetic Variations
No full textRisk-taking is a concerning yet prevalent issue during adolescence and can be life-threatening. Examining its etiological sources and evolving pathways helps inform strategies to mitigate adolescents' risk-taking behavior. Studies have found that unfavorable environmental factors, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), are associated with momentary levels of risk-taking in adolescents, but little is known about whether ACEs shape the developmental trajectory of risk-taking. Even less research has investigated the underlying mechanisms. Drawing on the self-regulation theory, this study examined the associations between ACEs and the developmental trajectory of adolescent risk-taking. Moreover, it also explored self-control as a mediator and genetic variations as a moderator from a "gene x environment" approach. Participants were 564 Chinese adolescents (48.40% males, Mage = 14.20 years, SD = 1.52). Adolescents reported their ACEs and self-control at T1 and risk-taking three times, with a six-month interval between each time point. Adolescents' saliva was collected at T1 for genetic extraction, and polygenetic index was created based on the gene-by-environment interaction between SNPs and ACEs for self-control via the leave-one-out machine learning approach. Findings of latent growth modeling revealed that adolescents' risk-taking decreased over time. ACEs were directly and indirectly through self-control associated with high initial levels of, and a rapid decrease in, risk-taking, especially for those with a higher polygenetic index compared to those with a lower polygenetic index. Theoretically, these results suggest a tripartite model of adolescent risk-taking, such that risk-taking is the combined function of adverse experiences in early years, low self-control, and carriage of sensitive genes. Practically, intervention strategies should reduce childhood adversities, build up self-control, and consider the potential impacts of genetic plasticity.</p
The Effects of Confiding on Shift Work Nurses' Emotion Regulation and Self-Perceived Well-Being: An Online Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textShift work nurses suffered great stress and emotion dysregulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpersonal emotion regulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, often facilitated through confiding. It has been suggested that medical staff benefit from confiding, with the act of reflecting on the social support gained from confiding being associated with higher well-being. Consequently, we hypothesized that thinking about the social support derived from confiding about work-related hassles could enhance emotion regulation and well-being in shift work nurses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intervention "thinking about the social support obtained from confiding about work-related hassles" on shift work nurses' emotion regulation and self-perceived well-being. An online randomized controlled trial was conducted with 66 shift work nurses, including 34 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group, to assess the impact of an 8-week confiding intervention focused on thinking about the social support obtained from confiding. The results indicated that the intervention significantly improved the interpersonal emotion regulation of shift work nurses in the experimental group compared to the control group. In terms of intrapersonal emotion regulation, the intervention appeared to reduce the cognitive reappraisal in the intervention group; however, there was no significant difference in cognitive reappraisal or expressive inhibition between the intervention group and control group. Furthermore, self-rated general health and sleep quality showed significant improvement in the intervention group compared to pre-test levels, but no significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, the online confiding intervention effectively enhanced interpersonal emotion regulation among shift work nurses. However, its effects on intrapersonal emotion regulation were not significant. Similarly, while participants in the intervention group reported improved self-rated general health and sleep quality, these improvements did not significantly differ from those in the control group.</p
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