Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The Joint Developmental Trajectories of Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Complaints in Bullied Adolescents and Their Predictive Factors
No full text校园欺凌已经成为全球范围内广泛关注的社会问题，尤其在青少年群体中，对个体心理健康产生了深远的影响，经调查，学生群体的心理健康问题日益突出，引起了社会的高度重视。研究表明，受欺凌儿童经常面临抑郁、焦虑和躯体不适等心理问题，这些问题不仅影响他们的学业表现和社交能力，还可能对他们的长期心理健康产生负面影响。虽然已有研究揭示受欺凌青少年心理躯体症状的发生风险较未受欺凌者增高，且抑郁、焦虑与躯体不适症状三者间存在关联，但现有研究多局限于横断面数据，此外，虽国外已有研究指出，青少年抑郁、焦虑与躯体症状存在显著的异质性联合发展特征，但国内研究多聚焦单一症状维度，对受 欺凌群体心理健康问题的联合发展轨迹仍缺乏系统探讨。另外，对心理健康问题发展的预测因素，如基于生物-心理-社会整合模型，系统检验性别、心理韧性及亲子依恋的预测效应也需要进一步探讨。
本研究以安徽省合肥市某县 1108 名中小学生为对象，于 2017-2019年进行三次追踪调查，依据 Olweus 欺负问卷筛选出 549 名受欺凌青少年（男性 74.1%，平均年龄 11.21 岁），其中 208 人（37.9%）达到抑郁临界分。研究一旨在揭示校园欺凌不同类型分布，受欺凌青少年抑郁、焦虑及躯体不适之间随时间变化的关系及其与影响因素的相关性。研究二通过潜类别增长模型（LCGM）识别症状的四类异质性发展轨迹：第一类中等水平上升下降组，占比最大（约 56.10%）， 其抑郁、焦虑和躯体不适在初期达到中等水平，随后抑郁和焦虑持续上升，躯体不适逐渐下降；第二类低水平稳定组，占比 33.15%，其抑郁、焦虑和躯体不适 始终保持较低水平；第三类高水平增长组，占比 7.47%，其抑郁、焦虑和躯体不适的初始水平较高，且随时间持续增长；第四类高水平下降组，占比 3.28%，初期抑郁和焦虑水平较高，躯体不适也较高，之后症状逐渐下降。进一步通过多元Logistic 回归分析发现，欺凌、亲子依恋（IPPA 量表）显著预测受欺凌儿童抑郁、焦虑和躯体不适的联合发展轨迹，心理韧性（CD-RISC 量表）和性别预测作用不显著。
本研究揭示了受欺凌青少年抑郁、焦虑和躯体不适的异质性轨迹，欺凌、性别、心理韧性及亲子依恋的预测作用。为进一步理解受欺凌青少年心理健康问题及其影响因素之间的关系提供了实证依据。研究结果不仅丰富了校园欺凌理论框架，也为教育工作者、心理健康从业者和家长提供了深入了解受欺凌青少年心理健康状况的参考，进而为制定个性化干预策略和反欺凌政策提供科学依据。</p
Sensing the beauty of interface: Neural oscillatory correlates of visual aesthetic judgment
No full textIt is critical for manufacturers to assess customers' aesthetic preferences for various interfaces. However, few studies on neural oscillations for aesthetic judgment have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we explored the EEG oscillations linked to aesthetic judgments using interface materials (from aesthetic to medium and unaesthetic) along with corresponding scrambled images. Present findings showed that theta-band synchronization to interface were significantly higher for aesthetic interfaces than unaesthetic ones during 200-240 ms at the bilateral occipitotemporal electrodes. However, no significant differences in theta-band oscillations were observed between scrambled images of aesthetic and unaesthetic interfaces. During 250-300 ms, similar theta oscillation patterns were found only at the right occipitotemporal electrodes. Meanwhile, during 220-270 ms, aesthetic interfaces induced stronger alpha-beta desynchronization than unaesthetic ones at the left frontal electrodes, and still no such significant differences were observed in scrambled images. These EEG oscillations could serve as valuable real-time indicators for assessing individual aesthetic judgments
Multiple Risks and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in Ethnic Regions of China: Analyses Using Cumulative Risk Model, Logistic Regression, and Association Rule Mining
No full textThe present study aimed to examine the relationship between multiple risk exposures in family and school settings and the depressive symptoms of Chinese students in early adolescence living in the ethnic regions of Yunnan and Hebei, China, via different multiple risk analytic approaches. A total of 2940 students (47.3% females) in grades 4 to 9 (Mage = 12.08, SD = 2.04) from ethnic minority counties in Yunnan and Hebei participated in the survey. The participants completed the questionnaires and reported family risk, school risk, depressive symptoms, and demographic information. The cumulative risk model and the individual multiple risk models with logistic regression/association rule mining were used to examine the effects of cumulative risk, the relative contributions of individual risks, and combinations of multiple risks. We found that (1) when a cumulative risk model was used, the associations between family cumulative risk and school cumulative risk on depressive symptoms were significant, but the cross-domain interaction effect was not significant. (2) The results of logistic regression indicated that high levels of family conflict, low levels of family cohesion, low levels of teacher support, and low levels of peer support were significantly correlated with a high risk for depression. (3) The results of association rule mining revealed meaningful associations between multiple risk factor combinations and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, the use of association rule mining enhanced the analyses and understanding of the effects of multiple risk exposures. Interpersonal stressors in family and school settings need to be addressed in depression prevention and intervention programs for adolescents
How Does Nature Connectedness Improve Mental Health in College Students? A Study of Chain Mediating Effects
No full textHow does nature connectedness influence college students' mental health? To further understand the dynamics at play, this present study delves into the chain mediating roles of resilience and meaning in life, from the perspective of the natural environment's impact on mental health. In April 2024, researchers utilized quantitative research methods to analyze questionnaire data from 703 college students in China, assessing multiple dimensions such as nature connectedness, resilience, meaning in life, and mental health. The results show the following: (1) All pairs of variables showed significant correlations. (2) Resilience is partly mediated by nature connectedness and mental health. (3) Meaning in life is found to have a partial mediating effect, further elucidating this relationship. (4) A chain mediating role is played by resilience and meaning in life in the connection between nature connectedness and mental health. This study expands the research scope of health psychology, has interdisciplinary research significance, and furnishes theoretical support and important guidance, which are essential in improving college students' mental health
Voluntary frontier settlement and independent agency within China
No full textVoluntary frontier settlement has led to independent agency in Western and a few non-Western societies. This study suggests that Northeast China was constructed as a new region with voluntary frontier settlers during 1860-1920, and examined whether voluntary frontier settlement predicted individualistic differences by comparing inhabitants from Northeast China (N = 479) to those in contrast region where their ancestors originated (N = 520) with multiple cultural tasks. Results showed that inhabitants of Northeast China were higher in self-reported individualism and happiness related to more socially disengaging emotions, and fewer in-group favoritism and less holistic thought compared to the inhabitants of North China. Overall, this suggests that voluntary frontier settlement played an important role in the individualistic differences between Northeast China and North China
Comparing effects of episodic future thinking and cue salience to improve different types of prospective memory in typically developing school-age children
No full textProspective memory (PM) enables children to remember future intentions and is central to their development. Yet, school-age children face difficulties with remembering planned or assigned tasks and it is therefore crucial to uncover the methods for improving their PM performance. The present study examined the effects of two prominent methods - encoding PM tasks through episodic future thinking (EFT) versus increasing the salience of PM cues - in improving event- and time-based PM of school-age children. In two experiments, 8-12 year-old children (N = 126 and 126 respectively) completed three PM tasks and tasks tapping working memory, inhibition and shifting ability. Children were randomly assigned to the standard PM instruction group, the EFT group, or the cue salience group. In Experiment 1 (event-based PM), the cue salience group outperformed the other two groups in two computer-based PM tasks but not in a more naturalistic PM task. In Experiment 2 (time-based PM), the cue salience group outperformed the other two groups in all PM tasks, and this did not impair ongoing task performance and the cue salience group monitored the time less frequently. Moreover, children with lower shifting abilities showing larger benefits of salient cues on time-based PM. In both experiments, the EFT and standard groups had similar PM performance. These findings suggest that salient PM cues can improve event- and time-based PM in school-age children whereas EFT may not improve PM performance compared to standard encoding. Future research should investigate children's ability to voluntarily set salient cues for completing daily PM tasks
Asian Evasion: Identifying and Countering a Bias Toward Avoiding Asians With COVID-19
No full textConverging evidence points toward the COVID-19 pandemic having amplified lingering anti-Asian prejudice and discrimination, including the virus's geographical origin being highlighted on social media. This amplification is consistent with theoretical frameworks and empirical findings that connect moral disapproval to biological aversion. Furthermore, experimental literature suggests that prejudicial stereotypes (e.g., of Black criminality) can prompt behavioral discrimination (e.g., disproportionate aggression in shoot/don't-shoot simulation tasks). Hence, we tested across four experiments (N = 2,844) whether prejudicial stereotypes of Asian infectivity, prominent during the COVID-19 era, might analogously trigger disproportionate avoidance. White participants (Experiments 1 and 2, United Kingdom and United States, crowdsourced) cross-culturally exhibited a pattern of Asian evasion on a custom-made approach-avoidance simulation task: they more readily avoided infected targets when Asian and more readily approached uninfected targets when White. However, Asian evasion waned after exposure to both associative pairings unsupportive of the stereotype and explicit media critique of the stereotype (Experiments 3 and 4: United States, crowdsourced). Our findings highlight how, even if the threat of COVID-19 induced anti-Asian aversions consistent with historical hatreds (i.e., "yellow peril"), some of those aversions may be readily remediated.</p
Higher levels of D2R and D3R in the frontal-striatal regions are associated with reduced perseverative reward seeking after opioid abstinence
No full textIntroduction The lower levels of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the striatum and the heightened levels of dopamine D2 receptor (D3R) in the midbrain have been linked to impulsive behavior and risky decision-making associated with drug dependence. While D3R has been considered a potential target for treating drug dependence, the connection between D3R in the prefrontal-striatal regions and maladaptive drug-related behaviors remains poorly understood.Methods This study utilized two high-cost tasks to investigate perseverative reward seeking, specifically conflict-based approaching behavior and persistent responding behavior under a progesterone receptor (PR) procedure. Additionally, D2R and D3R levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and striatum were examined through Western blotting.Results After each task, male rats were divided into two subpopulations: high-approaching vs. low-approaching and high-responding vs. low-responding. Rats treated with morphine (MOR) exhibited a 3 fold increase in the likelihood of developing high-approaching or high-responding behaviors compared to drug-na & iuml;ve rats. D2R expression was higher in the ventral striatum of morphine-treated, low-approaching rats than high-approaching rats, negatively correlating with approaching behaviors within the morphine-exposed group. After six consecutive PR sessions, D3R levels in the dorsal striatum differed significantly between morphine-treated, low-responding rats and morphine-treated, high-responding rats, negatively correlating with responding behaviors within the morphine-exposed group. An intriguing finding was the non-linear relationships, resembling an inverted U shape, observed between the level of D3R in the mPFC and reward-seeking behaviors, as revealed by both tasks.Discussion The elevated or relatively higher levels of D2R and D3R in the frontal-striatal regions may serve as protective factors for individuals abstaining from opioids, enabling them to control their reward-seeking behavior better
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Empirical Evidence for the Simple Bayesian Model of Autism
No full textThe Bayesian framework conceptualizes human perception as a process of probabilistic inference, where the brain integrates prior expectations with incoming sensory evidence to construct a mental model of the world. Within this framework, several distinct theories-collectively termed the "simple Bayesian model"-suggest that perceptual atypicalities in autism stem from an imbalance between the precision of prior beliefs and sensory input. This study presents a systematic review and the first meta-analysis to evaluate empirical evidence for the simple Bayesian model. We synthesized 24 effect sizes from 23 eligible studies using a random-effects model to test its core predictions: that autistic individuals exhibit universally "broader" priors and/or heightened sensory precision compared to non-autistic controls. We found a significant, small-to-moderate overall effect in the predicted direction (Hedge's g = 0.37). However, heterogeneity across studies was large and significant and was not explained by any of the examined moderators: prior type (structural vs. contextual), stimulus type (social vs. nonsocial), task setting (implicit vs. explicit), cognitive domain (higher-level cognition vs. perception), or participant characteristics. Given the significant unexplained heterogeneity, our findings offer only limited support for a universal "simple Bayesian model" of autism. We conclude that future research should move beyond the simple Bayesian model to investigate more sophisticated, hierarchical Bayesian accounts of autism
Long-term musical training can protect against age-related upregulation of neural activity in speech-in-noise perception
No full textDuring cognitive tasks, older adults often show increased frontoparietal neural activity and functional connectivity. Cognitive reserve accrued from positive life choices like long-term musical training can provide additional neural resources to help cope with the effect of aging. However, the relationship between cognitive reserve and upregulated neural activity in older adults remains poorly understood. In this study, we measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a speech-in-noise task and assessed whether cognitive reserve accumulated from long-term musical training bolsters or holds back age-related increase in neural activity. Older musicians exhibited less upregulation of task-induced functional connectivity than older non-musicians in auditory dorsal regions, which predicted better behavioral performance in older musicians. Furthermore, older musicians demonstrated more youth-like spatial patterns of functional connectivity, as compared to older non-musicians. Our findings show that cognitive reserve accrued through long-term music training holds back age-related neural recruitment during speech-in-noise perception and enlighten the intricate interplay between cognitive reserve and age-related upregulated activity during cognitive tasks.</p
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