Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Parental Psychological Control and Depression in University Students: The Chain Mediating Role of Self-Compassion and Emotion Regulation Difficulties
No full textParental psychological control has emerged as a significant risk factor for mental health challenges in young adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental psychological control and depression, with a specific focus on the chain mediating role of self-compassion and emotion regulation difficulties among Chinese university students. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 363 university students (aged 17-24, 43.3% males, 56.7% females), who completed measures of parental psychological control, emotion regulation difficulties, self-compassion and depression. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between parental psychological control and depression. Both self-compassion and emotion regulation difficulties independently mediated this association. Furthermore, the chain mediation of self-compassion and emotion regulation difficulties was significant, indicating that parental psychological control was linked with increased depression through decreased self-compassion and increased emotion regulation difficulties. This study sheds light on the significance of minimizing parental psychological control and cultivating a positive family atmosphere to alleviate depression. Parental psychological control has been identified as a potential risk factor for depression, hindering the development of self-compassion, increasing emotional regulation difficulties, with the diminished self-compassion also aggravating emotion regulation difficulties. Despite the cross-sectional design limiting causal inferences, our findings still highlight potential targets for interventions aimed at reducing depression
Parental Psychological Control and Depression in University Students: The Chain Mediating Role of Self-Compassion and Emotion Regulation Difficulties
No full textParental psychological control has emerged as a significant risk factor for mental health challenges in young adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental psychological control and depression, with a specific focus on the chain mediating role of self-compassion and emotion regulation difficulties among Chinese university students. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 363 university students (aged 17-24, 43.3% males, 56.7% females), who completed measures of parental psychological control, emotion regulation difficulties, self-compassion and depression. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between parental psychological control and depression. Both self-compassion and emotion regulation difficulties independently mediated this association. Furthermore, the chain mediation of self-compassion and emotion regulation difficulties was significant, indicating that parental psychological control was linked with increased depression through decreased self-compassion and increased emotion regulation difficulties. This study sheds light on the significance of minimizing parental psychological control and cultivating a positive family atmosphere to alleviate depression. Parental psychological control has been identified as a potential risk factor for depression, hindering the development of self-compassion, increasing emotional regulation difficulties, with the diminished self-compassion also aggravating emotion regulation difficulties. Despite the cross-sectional design limiting causal inferences, our findings still highlight potential targets for interventions aimed at reducing depression.</p
Effect of Individualized and Adaptive Vision Training versus 6 hours of Patching in Children with Residual Amblyopia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textIntroductionDespite refractive correction and patching, some patients have residual amblyopia. In the current study, we compared the effectiveness of daily 6-hours (6-h) intensive patching and a newly developed individualized and adaptive vision training (iAVT) protocol for residual amblyopia in children.MethodsIn a randomized clinical trial, 60 children aged 4 to under 11 years with residual amblyopia and visual acuity ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) were assigned to receive either 50 sessions of iAVT training or 6 h of daily patching for 10 weeks.ResultsVisual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved more in the iAVT group than in the extended patching group (0.13 versus 0.07 logMAR; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.010-0.100; p = 0.017) over 10 weeks. At 2 weeks, the iAVT group also showed a faster improvement compared with the patching group (0.09 versus 0.06 logMAR; 95% CI -0.004 to 0.067; p = 0.076). Meanwhile, no significant between-group difference was found in the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) change. However, the AULCSF of the iAVT group showed a marginally significant within-group improvement from base to week 10 (0.78 versus 0.89; 95% CI -0.225 to 0.001; p = 0.056), while no significant change was observed in the patching group. The iAVT group also reported higher quality-of-life scores after treatment, as monitored by the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire.ConclusionsThe iAVT provided a faster and more effective treatment for residual amblyopia compared with 6-h patching within the 10-week treatment period. These results suggest that iAVT may be an important new approach to treating residual amblyopia.Trail RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300075594. Registered on 8 September 2023-retrospectively registered.</p
Could Micro-Expressions Be Quantified? Electromyography Gives Affirmative Evidence
No full textMicro-expressions (MEs) are brief, subtle facial expressions that reveal concealed emotions, offering key behavioral cues for social interaction. Characterized by short duration, low intensity, and spontaneity, MEs have been mostly studied through subjective coding, lacking objective, quantitative indicators. This paper explores ME characteristics using facial electromyography (EMG), analyzing data from 147 macro-expressions (MaEs) and 233 MEs collected from 35 participants. First, regarding external characteristics, we demonstrate that MEs are short in duration and low in intensity. Precisely, we proposed an EMG-based indicator, the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC%), to measure ME intensity. Moreover, we provided precise interval estimations of ME intensity and duration, with MVC% ranging from 7% to 9.2% and the duration ranging from 307 ms to 327 ms. This research facilitates fine-grained ME quantification. Second, regarding the internal characteristics, we confirm that MEs are less controllable and consciously recognized compared to MaEs, as shown by participants' responses and self-reports. This study provides a theoretical basis for research on ME mechanisms and real-life applications. Third, building on our previous work, we present CASMEMG, the first public ME database including EMG signals, providing a robust foundation for studying micro-expression mechanisms and movement dynamics through physiological signals
Feature similarity, a sensitive method to capture the functional interaction of brain regions and networks to support flexible behavior
No full textThe brain is a dynamic system where complex behaviours emerge from interactions across distributed regions. Accurately linking brain function to cognition requires methods sensitive to these interactions. We introduce Feature Similarity (FS), which integrates a broad set of interpretable time-series features-such as covariance, temporal dependencies, and entropy -to move beyond traditional single-metric approaches. FS captured functional brain organization: regions within the same network showed greater similarity than those in different networks, and FS identified the principal gradient from unimodal to transmodal cortices. Compared with Pearson correlation-based functional connectivity (FC) and 46 out of 49 statistical pairwise interaction metrics (SPIs), FS demonstrated greater sensitivity to task modulation. Critically, FS revealed a task-dependent double dissociation in the Dorsal Attention Network, interacting more strongly with the Visual network during working memory but with the default mode network during long-term memory. FS thus provides a powerful tool for uncovering task-specific brain network interactions
The roles of self-, mother-, and stranger-determined choice in memory in 5-to 10-year-old Chinese children
No full textStudies have revealed that self-determined choices are empowering and can enhance memory even for preschool children. However, previous studies have only examined the role of choice by comparing self-determined choice and unrelated others-determined choice, leaving it unknown how choices made by mothers affect memory. This study investigated the role of choice in memory by comparing memory performance in self-determined, mother-determined, and stranger-determined choice scenarios. Two independent samples of Chinese children aged 5-10 (n = 67 for Exp. 1 and 62 for Exp. 2) performed a choice encoding task and a recognition test, the latter of which was conducted either immediately (Exp. 1) or one day later (Exp. 2). Results on recognition accuracy showed that self-determined choices significantly enhanced both immediate and delayed recognition compared to mother-or stranger-determined choices, with no differences between the latter two. These effects were independent of age. Exploratory analyses of recognition reaction times suggested that younger children (approximately under age 6) tended to respond faster under self or mother-determined conditions compared to stranger-determined ones. Together, these findings support self-determination theory, and provide preliminary evidence for interdependent self-construal in Chinese children.</p
The relationship between Chinese college students' public safety sense and problematic smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of moderated mediation effects
No full textProblematic smartphone use refers to behaviors that damage users' physical and mental health due to improper use, which is prevalent among college students. Based on the Compensatory Internet Use Theory, this research proposes a moderated mediation model to explore how public safety sense affects problematic smartphone use and examine anxiety's role as a mediator and resilience as a moderator. 86,026 Chinese college students (mean age = 20.11 years,41.2% male) completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Public Safety Sense Questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale. The moderated mediation model was tested using PROCESS Macro Models 4 and 59. The results revealed that public safety sense negatively predicted anxiety, which in turn positively predicted problematic smartphone use, with anxiety playing a partial mediating role. In addition, Resilience significantly moderated the entire mediating path, with the mediating effect being stronger at low levels of resilience. This may be because students with low resilience are more prone to anxiety when facing changes in public safety sense, thereby more significantly affecting problematic smartphone use. Resilience also moderated the direct path, with the effect being more pronounced at high levels of resilience. The reason may be that highly resilient individuals' goal-directed behavior under stress better meets situational demands. The results stress the vital importance of resilience during public crises. Policymakers and educators can implement targeted resilience-building programs to help Chinese students develop coping strategies.</p
How growing up without siblings affects the adult brain and behaviour in the CHIMGEN cohort
No full textWith the worldwide increase in only-child families, it is crucial to understand the effects of growing up without siblings (GWS) on the adult brain, behaviour and the underlying pathways. Using the CHIMGEN cohort, we investigated the associations of GWS with adult brain structure, function, connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health, as well as the pathway from GWS to GWS-related growth environments to brain and to behaviour development, in 2,397 pairs of individuals with and without siblings well matched in covariates. We found associations linking GWS to higher language fibre integrity, lower motor fibre integrity, larger cerebellar volume, smaller cerebral volume and lower frontotemporal spontaneous brain activity. Contrary to the stereotypical impression of associations between GWS and problem behaviours, we found positive correlations of GWS with neurocognition and mental health. Despite direct effects, GWS affects most brain and behavioural outcomes through modifiable environments, such as socioeconomic status, maternal care and family support, suggesting targets for interventions to enhance children's healthy growth.</p
Enhancing the Cohesion and Influence of Minority Opinions Through Clustering: A Social Network Experiment
No full textMinority opinions can be of crucial importance to the diversity, productivity, and harmony of a group, but are often left unattended and unheard. Previous methods that tried to enhance minority influence are usually overly forceful and low on ecological validity. To overcome these pitfalls, we proposed a new intervention method called minority clustering and examined its effects with a social network experiment (N = 456). Minority clustering was implemented by increasing the network connections among participants with initial opinions that deviated from the mainstream opinion and forming an opinion cluster among these minority members. Our results show that minority clustering significantly slowed down the rate at which minority members shifted toward majority opinions, thereby sustaining minority cohesion, and moved majority members closer to minority opinions, thus enhancing minority influence. An additional filter bubble intervention, through which all members of a network were exposed to neighbors with similar opinions to their own, further strengthened minority cohesion but weakened minority influence. Minority clustering is an unobtrusive intervention that does not need overt cooperations of network members and can be implemented easily in social media platforms. The working mechanisms of minority clustering and its effects on group opinion formation are further discussed. </p
The Effects of Six-Week Mindfulness Training on Mindfulness, Inner Peace, Emotion Regulation, and Mind Wandering in Chinese Migrant Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textMigrant children are more likely to experience challenging circumstances and exhibit greater emotional and behavioral difficulties than native children. Nowadays, mindfulness training (MT) has been employed as a means of enhancing health-related outcomes in children and adolescents, with promising results. The present study employed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of 6 weeks of MT on mindfulness, inner peace, mind wandering, and emotion in migrant children. Ninety-two migrant children with a mean age of 9.74 +/- 0.96 years, ranging from 8 to 11 years, participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the MT or control (CON) group, with their final exam scores being balanced. In the end, 46 children participated in the MT group, and 46 children participated in the CON group. Participants in the MT group received MT for 6 weeks with 2 sessions per week (20 min/session). Students in the CON group completed academic self-study during the same time period. Participants completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-children, the Peace of Mind Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Mind Wandering Questionnaire before and after the 6 weeks. MT significantly improved the migrant children's mindfulness and peace of mind and reduced negative affect and mind wandering. This study made a significant contribution to the feasibility and efficacy of MT in migrant children.</p
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