Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Theory of Mind Development in Children With Congenital Visual Impairment: Role of Visual Impairment and Verbal Ability
No full textThis study aims to explore the theory of mind (ToM) status in individuals with congenital visual impairment (CVI) and identify key predictive factors. For Study 1, the false-belief task was used to assess ToM ability in children aged 7-10 years (60 with normal sight, 33 with legal blindness, and 23 with total blindness). The results showed that children with total blindness had significantly lower false-belief scores than sighted children, with those with legal blindness performing in between. In the first-order false-belief task, verbal ability only moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children. Meanwhile, in the second-order false-belief task, verbal ability moderated differences between children with total blindness and sighted children and between children with legal blindness and sighted children. For Study 2, the faux pas task was used to examine the roles of age, residual vision, and verbal ability in ToM development among 166 adolescents aged 7-19 years with CVI. While age and verbal ability significantly predicted ToM development, residual vision had no significant predictive effect. In conclusion, compared with sighted children, those with CVI show delayed ToM development, though children with legal blindness perform better than those with total blindness. Age and verbal ability are key predictors of ToM development in children with CVI. Thus, in the early stages of ToM development, maximizing the use of residual vision and other senses is crucial. Further, enhancing verbal abilities, such as through using mental state terms in conversations and reading literary works, can mitigate the negative impact of CVI. Finally, intervention strategies should be tailored to age characteristics
The degree of educational participation in later life and subjective well-being in China: Based on attitudes to self-aging perspective
No full textWith the rapid development of education for older adults in China, the link between education participation and mental health/subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults has received increasing attention. Rather than merely considering whether older adults participate in late-life learning or attend educational institutions, the extent of their engagement in educational activities may be more influential in determining SWB. The current study aims to examine the association between the degree of educational participation (DEP) for older adults and SWB and related mechanisms in China. Using a nationally representative sample of the University of the Third Age (U3A), this study explored the association between DEP and SWB indicated by life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and depression; and further examined the mediating roles of attitudes to aging and moderating roles of family intimacy. Results indicated that DEP in the U3A predicted students' SWB, indicated by all four indicators; attitudes to aging, including psychosocial loss (PL), physical change (PC), and psychological growth (PG), mediated the association between DEP and SWB; and family relationships moderated the direct and indirect associations, to some extent. These findings offer a novel perspective for exploring the mechanisms through which lifelong education affects mental health and provide insights for policymakers and governments to actively address issues of aging
Enhancing Mental Health Through Retirement Planning Achievement: A Moderated Mediation Model and Income Group Differences
No full textThis study centers on retirement planning achievement, examining its impact mechanism on older adults' mental health and its boundary conditions. Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT) and conservation of resources (COR) theory, we tested a parallel mediation and a moderated mediation model using data from an online survey with 900 Chinese retirees aged 55-74. Structural equation modelling revealed that retirement planning achievement directly and positively predicted mental health, and indirectly through three pathways: greater active social participation, higher retirement enjoyment, and reduced retirement loss. Furthermore, retirement adjustment exhibited dual, and opposing, moderating effects on the direct path: low retirement loss, as a psychological resource, significantly amplified the positive impact of planning achievement (a resource gain spiral), whereas high retirement enjoyment attenuated its effect (a ceiling effect). Income-group analysis revealed that both the parallel mediation and moderated mediation models were fully supported in the average-income group, but effects were non-significant for the insufficient-income group and weakened in the sufficient-income group. These findings suggest that retirement planning achievement represents a key pathway to promoting mental health in later life, but its benefits are constrained by psychological resources and socioeconomic status. The "achievement dividend" is greatest among well-adjusted retirees in the average-income group, highlighting the heterogeneity in retirement adjustment and providing evidence for targeted, equitable ageing-support policies
Emotion-Qwen-VL: A Fully Fine-Tuned Multimodal Large Language Model for Micro-Expression Visual Question Answering
No full textThis paper presents our solution for the Micro-Expression Visual Question Answering (ME-VQA) task in the 2025 Facial Micro-Expression Grand Challenge (MEGC). To address the limitations of traditional micro-expression recognition (MER) methods in dynamic modeling, semantic interpretation, and natural language interaction, we propose Emotion-Qwen-VL, a fully fine-tuned multimodal large language model tailored for micro-expression understanding. Specifically, we construct a structured, instruction-based QA dataset that reformulates emotion categories and action unit (AU) annotations into natural language QA pairs, covering classification, AU detection, and causal reasoning. We then adopt a full-parameter fine-tuning strategy to guide Qwen2.5-VL in learning fine-grained temporal facial dynamics and their emotional semantics. Experimental results on the MEGC 2025 test set demonstrate that Emotion-Qwen-VL outperforms strong baselines such as Qwen2.5-VL and QVQ across multiple dimensions, including coarse-grained macro-expression classification, fine-grained micro-expression classification, and language generation. Our results highlight the effectiveness, interpretability, and adaptation potential of large models in micro-expression understanding. </p
A Study on the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicide Attempts in First-Episode, Drug-Naïve, Single Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
No full text目的 探究首发未治疗单身重性抑郁障碍（MDD）患者自杀企图患病率，识别相关危险因素。方法 选择2016年1月至2018年12月山西医科大学第一医院250例首发未治疗的单身MDD患者，根据既往自杀企图史分为自杀企图组（60例）和非自杀企图组（190例）。比较两组一般资料、汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项（HAMD-17）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评分及甲状腺功能、糖脂代谢指标、血压。采用二元多因素Logistic回归分析自杀企图的影响因素，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析危险因素的预测效能。结果 250例首发未治疗单身MDD患者自杀企图患病率为24.00%(60/250)。与非自杀企图组比较，自杀企图组HAMD-17、HAMA评分及促甲状腺素、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、收缩压和舒张压均升高（P<0.05）,HDL-C水平降低（P<0.05）。二元多因素Logistic回归分析显示，HAMA评分（OR=1.255,95%CI:1.089～1.447）、TPOAb水平（OR=1.004,95%CI:1.001～1.006）和收缩压（OR=1.104,95%CI:1.046～1.166）是自杀企图的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示，HAMA评分、TPOAb和收缩压联合预测自杀企图的曲线下面积为0.837。结论 首发未治疗单身MDD患者自杀企图发病率显著升高，HAMA评分、TPOAb和收缩压高为自杀企图的影响因素。</p
Research progress in prediction models of depression and bipolar disorder based on machine learning algorithms
No full text抑郁症与双相情感障碍作为具有高致残率、高致死率的精神疾病,由精神科医生,依据《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》(international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, ICD)或《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》(diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, DSM)等国际公认的诊断标准作出临床诊断.传统的基于量表与医生主观判断的评估方法存在一定的局限性,其临床诊断十分困难.近年来机器学习领域研究广泛,通过整合多模态数据,筛选预测因子构建的机器学习预测模型可以较好的辅助抑郁症与双相情感障碍的诊断、分型与治疗.本文对抑郁症及双相情感障碍机器学习预测模型研究进行综述,通过表格系统梳理了模型的构建方法、特征选择、核心算法等,形成了临床可转化路径,辅助抑郁症及双相情感障碍的筛查.</p
Trusting Digital Voice Assistants: How Children Perceive Incomplete Explanations
No full textDigital voice assistants (DVAs) have become an important method for children to learn about the world and access information. This study explored 90 4- to 6-year-old children's epistemic trust in DVAs across different conflict situations (nonconflict vs. low-conflict vs. high-conflict) and the quality (completeness) of explanatory testimonies, using the paradigm of dual-informant sources. The results revealed that children could recognize completeness in DVAs explanations and preferred complete explanations, with 5- and 6-year-olds demonstrating better judgment and preference for completeness than 4-year-olds. However, in conflict situations, children's trust in DVAs providing complete explanations decreased. Younger children were more prone to belief revision than older children were. The results suggest that explanation completeness by DVAs, conflict levels and children's age can significantly enhance trust and efficacy in educational applications and can transform child-computer interactions
Parent-Child Shared Reading of Social-Themed Picture Books Promotes Prosocial Behaviors in Preschool Children: The Mediating Role of Empathy
No full text4-5 岁是阅读能力萌发的重要时期，也是儿童社会性发展的关键时期（Hay et al., 2004。现有研究发现绘本阅读对学龄前儿童早期发展具有正向促进作用（Dowdall et al., 2020），也有研究提示社会主题类绘本能够增强儿童的亲社会行为（Kohm et al., 2016）。然而其作用机制研究仍显不足，未能揭示深层次作用机理。本研究聚焦于分析亲子共读社会主题绘本对 4-5 岁学龄前幼儿亲社会行为的持续影响，并探索共情能力的中介作用。通过结合调查研究与干预实验的双重验证，阐明绘本主题特异性对儿童亲社会行为发展的具体影响路径，进而为家 庭教育及学前教育实践提供经济高效且便于实施的教育策略。
研究一通过线上问卷调查方式，对 318 名 4-5 岁儿童的家长群体展开调查，采集亲子共读活动中的主题选择特征、阅读频率等核心变量数据，结合标准化测量工具《儿童长处与困难问卷（亲社会行为量表）》与《儿童共情问卷（EmQue）》 的评估数据，探讨绘本主题内容与儿童亲社会行为表现之间的关联性。结果显示：经常接触社会主题绘本的儿童群体，在亲社会倾向评分方面明显高于其他主题阅读组。进一步分析发现，这类儿童的共情能力发展水平与其绘本接触频率、亲社会行为表现之间存在着显著正向关联。
研究二采用实验研究，在某幼儿园以随机抽样方式选取 60 名 4-5 岁儿童，随机分配至实验组（开展社会主题绘本共读）与对照组（进行非社会主题绘本共读），实施为期 8 周的亲子绘本共读干预。在干预前后通过设计标准化行为观察任务——包括助人情境模拟与分享实验（贴纸分配任务），量化评估亲社会行为水平，验证社会主题绘本共读与亲社会行为的因果关系以及共情的中介作用。结果显示：相较于对照组，实验组儿童的亲社会行为在干预后显著提高，其中共情能力在干预机制中充当了中介的角色。
研究结果表明，儿童亲社会行为的培育可通过家庭共读社会主题绘本得以显著提升，共情在其中发挥了中介作用。通过亲子共读社会主题绘本这一经济便捷的家庭教育模式，对促进儿童社会化发展的实际效果。这为儿童社会化教育提供了理论支撑，后续研究可整合数字技术创新共读模式，同时拓展其在多元文化背景下的适用性探索。</p
The Relationship Between Parental Autonomous Support and Adolescents' Future Orientation: A Mixed-Methods Study
No full text青少年期是个体思考未来、准备向成年过渡的关键阶段，也是未来取向迅速发展的时期。在这一阶段，青少年不仅需要认真思考自己希望达成的目标与实际能力之间的差距，还需积极探索未来发展的多种可能性，并以此为基础制定计划、付出努力，从而为实现向成年阶段的顺利过渡奠定基础。家庭是青少年成长的重要环境因素，父母作为青少年第一任老师，是青少年形成未来目标过程中的主要建议者和支持者，其所给予的社会支持对青少年未来发展至关重要(Steinberg, 2004)。因此，本研究采用质性和量化两种研究方法，全面深入分析父母自主支持对青少年未来取向影响以及二者间内部作用机制。
研究一使用质性研究设计，运用方便性抽样的方法，选取10位青少年作为访谈对象，通过对青少年进行半结构化访谈探究了青少年未来取向的维度、现状和影响其未来取向形成的因素。研究发现，青少年的未来取向包括未来认知、未来情感和未来意志行动三个维度，在各个维度下青少年呈现出不同的表现。家庭、学校作为青少年生活的重要场域，其中父母关系、同伴关系和个人特征作为重要因素影响着青少年未来取向的形成与表现。
研究二使用量化研究设计，采用问卷调查法，对北京市远郊区三所中学的初一、初二年级共625名在校生进行调查。采用《青少年未来取向问卷》《父母自主支持问卷》《成长型思维问卷》《希望问卷》和《同伴关系问卷》为研究工具，建构了父母自主支持对青少年未来取向的有调节链式中介模型。结果发现，（1）父母自主支持能够正向显著预测青少年未来取向；（2）成长型思维、希望在父母自主支持与青少年未来取向间均起独立的中介作用，并且成长型思维与希望还存在链式中介作用；（3）同伴关系调节了父母自主支持与成长型思维之间的关系。在同伴关系高度活跃的情况下，父母自主支持对成长型思维的预测作用更为 显著。然而，同伴关系并未调节父母自主支持与希望之间的关联。
综上，父母自主支持与青少年的积极未来取向紧密相关，而成长型思维、希望以及同伴关系在其内在机制中扮演着关键角色，本研究为家庭教育和亲子互动提供具体可行的指导方向以及为学校开展青少年发展支持项目提供依据。</p
Exploring the Mechanisms Linking Perceived Parental Marital Conflict to Externalizing Problem Behaviors in Adolescents Evidence from a Random Forest Analysis
No full textThis study investigates the heterogeneous patterns of adolescents’ externalizing problem behaviors (EPB) in the context of perceived parental marital conflict, using a combination of latent profile analysis and random forest modeling. Based on survey data, three distinct conflict perception profiles were identified: low exposure-protected, moderate intensity-constructive, and high frequency-unresolved. Random forest analysis revealed that parental conflict frequency, intensity, and resolution, along with adolescents’ negative coping strategies, were the most important predictors of EPB, while bullying-related factors had a weaker yet notable effect. Further subgroup analyses using random forest regression demonstrated that adolescents from low-care or single-parent families showed a stronger link between bullying experiences and EPB, whereas those from high-care and intact families exhibited greater resilience. These findings highlight the central role of family dynamics in shaping adolescent behavior and demonstrate the utility of machine learning in uncovering complex interaction mechanisms.</p
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