Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Study of tree shrew biology and models: A booming and prosperous field for biomedical research
No full textThe tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri ) has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates (NHPs) in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates. In recent years, significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studies, including the determination of the tree shrew genome, genetic manipulation using spermatogonial stem cells, viral vector-mediated gene delivery, and mapping of the tree shrew brain atlas. However, the limited availability of tree shrews globally remains a substantial challenge in the field. Additionally, determining the key questions best answered using tree shrews constitutes another difficulty. Tree shrew models have historically been used to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, myopia, and psychosocial stress-induced depression, with more recent studies focusing on developing animal models for infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these efforts, the impact of tree shrew models has not yet matched that of rodent or NHP models in biomedical research. This review summarizes the prominent advancements in tree shrew research and reflects on the key biological questions addressed using this model. We emphasize that intensive dedication and robust international collaboration are essential for achieving breakthroughs in tree shrew studies. The use of tree shrews as a unique resource is expected to gain considerable attention with the application of advanced techniques and the development of viable animal models, meeting the increasing demands of life science and biomedical research.</p
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity: A systematic review
No full textImpulsivity is related to a host of mental and behavioral problems. It is a complex construct with many different manifestations, most of which are heritable. The genetic compositions of these impulsivity manifestations, however, remain unclear. A number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses have tried to address this issue. We conducted a systematic review of all GWAS and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity published up to December 2023. Available data suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than a dozen of genes (e.g., CADM2, CTNNA2, GPM6B) are associated with different measures of impulsivity at genome-wide significant levels. Post-GWAS analyses further show that different measures of impulsivity are subject to different degrees of genetic influence, share few genetic variants, and have divergent genetic overlap with basic personality traits such as extroversion and neuroticism, cognitive ability, psychiatric disorders, substance use, and obesity. These findings shed light on controversies in the conceptualization and measurement of impulsivity, while providing new insights on the underlying mechanisms that yoke impulsivity to psychopathology.</p
Effects of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on mother-infant relationship and maternal psychology feelings: A qualitative study
No full textAimsTo explore the effects of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on mother-infant relationship and maternal psychology feelings.DesignAn exploratory qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews.MethodsA total of 64 mother-infant pairs who met the inclusion criteria were selected as the experimental subjects to receive early and continuous intervention of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC). On this basis, the qualitative research method of procedural grounded theory was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 18 puerperas before discharge from the hospital; the three-level coding method of procedural grounded theory and Graneheim & Lundman qualitative content analysis method were combined to conductinterview content analysis in Nvivo 12 software, so as to extractcore categories and condense the theme.Results(1) The data were coded to extract five core categories, namely, birth experience, role transition, contact perception, mother-infant connection and parental efficacy; (2) there were statistically significant differences in the number of coding reference points in five nodes before and after SSC, that is, mothers' positive feelings, newborns' physical characteristics noticed by their mothers, mother-infant connection, role transition and birth experience. The number of coding reference points after SSC was statistically significant greater than before SSC; (3) The coding interview results showed that SSC could promote the sense of happiness in nurturing.</p
Attachment Style Modifies the Effect of Spousal Support on Postpartum Depression in Women
No full textObjective: This study aims to examine the impact of spousal support on postpartum depression in women with different attachment styles and assessing if attachment style influences this effect. Methods: From March to May 2022, 96 couples with late-stage pregnant women were randomly selected from tertiary maternity hospitals in Shandong and Guangdong provinces for a prepartum survey. Psychological assessments were conducted using the Adult Attachment Scale, Dyadic Coping Inventory, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Depression Scale. To examine the relationship between each variable and postpartum depression, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed. Additionally, interaction analysis was used to analyze the interplay between different attachment styles and how spousal support influences women's postpartum depression. Results: The findings revealed that even after accounting for confounding variables, prepartum spousal support was an independent predictor of postpartum depression (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, P = .015). Women with a secure attachment style showed a significantly lower incidence of postpartum depression compared to those with insecure attachment styles (24.2% vs. 46%, P = .037). In the secure attachment group, spousal support had a protective effect against postpartum depression (adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.91, P = .018), and attachment style emerged as a potential interactive factor influencing the impact of spousal support on postpartum depression (P P for interaction = .029). Conclusion:The The provision of spousal support, especially to individuals with secure attachment styles, plays a preventive role in postpartum depression. This underscores the importance of considering attachment styles in interventions targeting postpartum depression prevention.</p
The Brain ' s Topographical Organization Shapes Dynamic Interaction Patterns That Support Flexible Behavior Based on Rules and Long-Term Knowledge
No full textAdaptive behavior relies both on speci fi c rules that vary across situations and stable long-term knowledge gained from experience. The frontoparietal control network (FPCN) is implicated in the brain ' s ability to balance these different in fl uences on action. Here, we investigate how the topographical organization of the cortex supports behavioral fl exibility within the FPCN. Functional properties of this network might re fl ect its juxtaposition between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN), two large-scale systems implicated in top -down attention and memory-guided cognition, respectively. Our study tests whether subnetworks of FPCN are topographically proximal to the DAN and the DMN, respectively, and how these topographical differences relate to functional differences: the proximity of each subnetwork is anticipated to play a pivotal role in generating distinct cognitive modes relevant to working memory and long-term memory. We show that FPCN subsystems share multiple anatomical and functional similarities with their neighboring systems (DAN and DMN) and that this topographical architecture supports distinct interaction patterns that give rise to different patterns of functional behavior. The FPCN acts as a uni fi ed system when long-term knowledge supports behavior but becomes segregated into discrete subsystems with different patterns of interaction when long-term memory is less relevant. In this way, our study suggests that the topographical organization of the FPCN and the connections it forms with distant regions of cortex are important in fl uences on how this system supports fl exible behavior.</p
Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes
No full textGenome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes are mainly performed in European populations, but other populations are severely under-represented. Here, we conducted Chinese-alone and cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in 7,058 Chinese Han and 33,224 white British participants. We identified 38 new associations in Chinese-alone analyses and 486 additional new associations in cross-ancestry meta-analyses at P < 1.46 x 10(-11) for discovery and P < 0.05 for replication. We pooled significant autosomal associations identified by single- or cross-ancestry analyses into 6,443 independent associations, which showed uneven distribution in the genome and the phenotype subgroups. We further divided them into 44 associations with different effect sizes and 3,557 associations with similar effect sizes between ancestries. Loci of these associations were shared with 15 brain-related non-imaging traits including cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results provide a valuable catalog of genetic associations for brain imaging phenotypes in more diverse populations.</p
Perceptual span in Mongolian text reading
Get PDFIn this study, an eye-tracking experiment was conducted to investigate the perceptual span during traditional Mongolian reading, a script uniquely written vertically. We adopted a gaze-contingent moving-window paradigm to measure the size of the perceptual span when reading traditional Mongolian sentences. The results showed that the perceptual span was asymmetric downward, extending one syllable above the fixation and three syllables below the fixation. These findings are important for understanding how reading direction affects the underlying cognitive mechanisms during reading and will help to understand the universal mechanisms of reading.</p
Impaired Ability in Visual-Spatial Attention in Chinese Children With Developmental Dyslexia
No full textA growing body of evidence suggests that children with dyslexia in alphabetic languages exhibit visual-spatial attention deficits that can obstruct reading acquisition by impairing their phonological decoding skills. However, it remains an open question whether these visual-spatial attention deficits are present in children with dyslexia in non-alphabetic languages. Chinese, with its logographic writing system, offers a unique opportunity to explore this question. The presence of visual-spatial attention deficits in Chinese children with dyslexia remains insufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether such deficits exist, employing a visual search paradigm. Three visual search tasks were conducted, encompassing two singleton feature search tasks and a serial conjunction search task. The results indicated that Chinese children with dyslexia performed as well as chronological age-matched control children in color search tasks but less effectively in orientation search, suggesting a difficulty in the rapid visual processing of orientation: a deficit potentially specific to Chinese dyslexia. Crucially, Chinese children with dyslexia also exhibited lower accuracy, longer reaction times, and steeper slopes in the reaction times by set size function in the conjunction search task compared to control children, which is indicative of a visual-spatial attention deficit.</p
Developing a competency scale for selecting and assessing psychological peer counselors in ethnic-area colleges: a pilot study in Guizhou Province, China
No full textIntroduction: Psychological peer counselors play a crucial role in the mental health education of college students, especially in ethnic regions. The study zeroes in on developing a tool for selecting and assessing psychological peer counselors in ethnic-area colleges and universities, using Guizhou Province as a case study.
Materials and methods: Focusing on psychological peer counselors in ethnic-area higher education institutions, this study amalgamates open-ended questionnaire surveys, interviews, and literature analysis to construct a competency characteristics questionnaire. The questionnaire underwent pretesting with 450 psychological peer counselors in colleges and universities, involving entry analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Subsequently, it was administered formally to 570 psychological peer counselors for confirmatory factor analysis, coupled with internal consistency reliability tests at the empirical validity level. A subset of 230 psychological peer counselors was retested after three-month intervals. The Interpersonal Reaction Coefficient Scale (IRC-C) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were employed for validity tests.
Results: The questionnaire consists of 21 items across four factors-role identity, communication sensitivity, personal traits, and professional ethic-cumulatively explaining 66.26% of the variance. The validated factor analyses demonstrated a good model fit (X-2/df=2.67, SRMR=0.04, TLI/NNFI=0.93, CFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.05, AIC=21960.17, BIC=22261.10). The questionnaire's total and factor scores correlated positively with the total scores of the IRC-C/GSES (r=0.18-0.64; all p<0.01). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total questionnaire and individual factors ranged from 0.73 to 0.95, retest reliability from 0.64 to 0.92, and split-half reliabilities from 0.71 to 0.94.
Conclusion: The Competency Scale for Psychological Peer Counselors in Colleges of Ethnic Areas demonstrates robust reliability and validity, making it a reliable tool for future screening of psychological peer counselors in ethnic-area colleges and universities
Childhood Maltreatment and Fear of Intimacy in Adult Single Women: Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Attachment
No full text根据人格发展理论，成年期(25 岁之后)本应进入生育和养育后代的阶段，而城市成年期单身女性数量却日益增多。对于延迟或回避进入亲密关系的单身女性，其亲密恐惧水平高于处于亲密关系中的女性。有童年期虐待史的个体更有可能遇到人际交往方面的困难，自尊水平较低，易形成不安全依恋，可能会导致其恐惧亲密关系。本研究采用量化研究、追踪研究和质性研究的混合研究方法，探索城市成年期单身女性亲密恐惧水平，及影响亲密恐惧的可能因素；追踪其亲密关系状态、恋爱意愿变化及参与婚恋咨询意愿；最后通过询问恋爱意愿原因做质性分析，更加全面深入了解恋爱意愿影响因素。
研究一：采用横断面问卷研究方法，通过数据搜集平台向北京、上海、广州 和深圳四大城市，年龄在 30-49 岁之间的单身女性推送亲密恐惧调查问卷一，回 收有效问卷 487 份。问卷包含人口学信息调查、儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ)、自尊量 表(RSES)、亲密关系体验量表(ECR)和亲密恐惧量表(FIS)。探索儿童期虐待对成 年期单身女性亲密恐惧的影响，及自尊和成人依恋是否起中介作用。使用 SPSS软件进行描述性统计、相关和回归分析，使用 AMOS 软件进行路径分析和中介 效应检验。结果显示儿童期虐待正向预测成年期单身女性亲密恐惧(β=0.36，p<0.001)，依恋焦虑正向预测成年期单身女性亲密恐惧(β=0.15，p=0.001)，自尊(β=-0.75，p<0.001)负向预测成年期单身女性亲密恐惧。自尊和依恋焦虑在儿童期虐待和成年期单身女性亲密恐惧之间起部分中介作用，总间接效应占比 37%。 此外，个体恋爱意愿随童年期虐待的严重程度、亲密恐惧水平和依恋回避水平的升高而降低，随自尊水平的升高而升高。
研究二：基于研究一的结果，对 487 名被试进行半年期追踪，推送亲密恐惧 调查问卷二，以了解目前被试婚恋状态、恋爱意愿变化及参加婚恋咨询意愿，回收有效问卷 159 份。使用 SPSS 软件进行描述性统计和独立样本 t 检验。结果显示想恋爱个体更易进入亲密关系，不想恋爱个体更难进入亲密关系，而处于亲密关系中的个体恋爱意愿更强。总体而言，时隔半年，恋爱意愿相对稳定，变化幅度较小。想恋爱个体更乐于参加婚恋咨询，寻求外部支持和帮助，而不想恋爱个体愿意参加婚恋咨询的比率更低，更不愿从外部获得支持和帮助。最后独立样本t 检验分析显示处于亲密关系中的个体其亲密恐惧水平和依恋回避水平比单身和 离异个体更低。
研究三：基于研究一结果，半年后，对 487 名被试推送亲密恐惧问卷二，通 过一道问答题了解被试不同恋爱意愿的原因，回收有效问卷 159 份。使用 Nvivo软件进行质性分析，归纳出 3 个层次的恋爱需求核心编码。核心编码分为初级需求，包含生理需求和安全需求两个次级编码；中级需求，包含归属和爱的需求及尊重需求；高级需求，包含自我实现的需求。结果表明不想恋爱个体恋爱需求多停留在对安全需求的追求上，而想恋爱个体追求归属和爱的需求占比更多。不想恋爱个体不仅对亲密关系恐惧，也担心恋爱会影响生活的其他方面，从而阻碍其追求更高层次需求。想恋爱个体对恋爱更为积极肯定，认为恋爱是必须的，追求幸福和快乐的占比更多。
综上，本研究得出结论：
（1）儿童期虐待对成年期单身女性亲密恐惧有直接影响，自尊和依恋焦虑起部分中介作用。
（2）儿童期虐待越严重、亲密恐惧水平越高、依恋回避水平越高和自尊水平越低的个体恋爱意愿越低。
（3）恋爱意愿可预测个体是否进入亲密关系。 （4）不想恋爱个体安全需求占比较多，想恋爱个体归属和爱的需求占比更多。
研究结果丰富了现有理论研究，对成年期单身女性婚恋心理咨询有参考和借鉴意义。</p
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