Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Cortical activations in cognitive task performance at multiple frequency bands
No full textNeural oscillations are fundamental for brain function and govern various cognitive processes. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging advances offer the opportunity to study frequency-specific properties of blood-oxygen-level-dependent oscillations at multiple frequency bands. However, most have focused on spontaneous brain activity in the resting state, leaving a gap in direct evidence regarding the specific activations of cognitive tasks across different frequency bands. We aim to address this gap by exploring the role of blood-oxygen-level-dependent oscillations across multiple frequency bands in cognitive processes. We used task-functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 339 healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project to map the activation patterns of performing seven cognitive tasks at multiple frequency bands (ie slow-1 to slow-6). Our findings revealed that different frequency bands are associated with distinct task-activation patterns. Specifically, slow-1/2/3 oscillations primarily contribute to local sensory information processing, while slow-4 is crucial for various fundamental cognitive functions. Slow-5 is involved in cognitive processes that require greater memory load, integrated cognitive processing, and attention maintenance. This underscores the importance of analyzing a broad frequency range to capture the full spectrum of cognitive function, highlighting the diverse roles of different frequency bands in brain activity, shedding light on the underlying mechanism of brain-behavior associations.</p
Retrieval-induced forgetting in undergraduate students is not affected by the correlated costs and benefits problem: evidence from cognitive inhibition
No full textRetrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) occurs when retrieving items from memory impairs subsequent recall of related but not retrieved items. Theoretical debate exists regarding the mechanisms of RIF in terms of inhibition versus interference, which may stem from the fact that previous studies on individual differences in RIF have neglected the correlated costs and benefits (CCB) problem. To investigate whether RIF in undergraduate students with different levels of cognitive inhibition was affected by CCB, this study considered item competitive intensity. Participants retrieved low-intensity items under strong-item competitive intensity and the reverse under weak-item competitive intensity. The results showed that participants with low cognitive inhibition exhibited no RIF at both strong- and weak-item competitive intensities, while those with high cognitive inhibition only exhibited RIF at the strong-item competitive intensity. Competitive intensity is effective for testing and discriminating the confounding effects of RIF by CCB. It can be posited that, regardless of the cognitive inhibition levels of undergraduate students, inhibition is the mechanism of RIF and is not affected by CCB.</p
The impact of interpersonal relationships on adolescent students' cooperation skills: evidence from SSES 2019 China survey
No full textCooperation skills are fundamental for student development. To enhance these skills effectively, understanding their influencing factors is essential. Drawing on data from the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) 2019 China Suzhou Survey, this study examines how interpersonal relationships influence adolescent students' cooperation skills. It was found that the father-child relationship, mother-child relationship, classmate relationship, teacher-student relationship, and neighborhood relationship all positively affected adolescent students' cooperation skills, after controlling students' gender and family's socio-economic status. Notably, relationships with classmates emerge as the most significant contributors to students' cooperation skills, demonstrating significant interaction effects with mother-child relationship, father-child relationship, teacher-student relationship, and neighbourhood relationship. The discussion and application of the findings enhance the cultivation of students' cooperation skills effectively, thereby equipping students with essential capabilities for success in the 21st century.</p
The long-term intensive gymnastic training influences functional stability and integration: A resting-state fMRI study
No full textIntroduction: Long -term motor skill training has been shown to induce anatomical and functional neuroplasticity. World class gymnasts (WCGs) provide a unique opportunity to investigate the effect of long -term intensive training on neuroplasticity. Previous resting -state fMRI studies have demonstrated a high efficient information processing related to motor and cognitive functions in gymnasts compared with healthy controls (HCs). However, most research treated brain signals as static, overlooking the fact that the brain is a complex and dynamic system. In this study, we employed functional stability, a new metric based on dynamic functional connectivity (FC), to examine the impact of long -term intensive training on the functional architecture in the WCGs. Methods: We first conducted a voxel-wise analysis of functional stability between the WCGs and HCs. Then, we applied FC density (FCD) to explore whether regions with modified functional stability were also accompanied by changes in connection patterns in the WCGs. We identified overlapping regions showing significant differences in both functional stability and FCD. Finally, we applied seed-based correlation analysis (SCA) to determine the detailed changes in connection patterns between the WCGs and HCs within these overlapping regions. Results: Compared with the HCs, the WCGs exhibited higher functional stability in the bilateral angular gyrus (AG), bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), bilateral precentral gyrus, and right superior frontal gyrus and lower functional stability in the bilateral hippocampus, bilateral caudate, right rolandic operculum, left superior temporal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right middle cingular cortex, and right precuneus than the HCs. We found that the bilateral AG and ITG not only showed higher functional stability but also increased global and long -range FCD in the WCGs relative to the HCs. The right precuneus displayed lower functional stability as well as decreased local, long -range, and global FCD in the WCGs. Both AG and ITG showed higher FC with regions in the default mode network (DMN) in the WCGs than in the HCs. Conclusions: The increased functional stability in the AG and ITG might be associated with enhanced functional integration within the DMN in the WCGs. These findings may offer new spatiotemporal evidence for the impact of long -term intensive training on neuroplasticity.</p
Integrating Mechanical Quality Inspection, Psychological State Monitoring, and Health Assessment in Intelligent Manufacturing Environments
No full textThe relationship between parental autonomy support and adolescents' academic achievement in mathematics-the mediating role of the need for cognition and mathematics metacognition
No full textThis study aimed to explore the relationship between parental autonomy support and adolescents' academic performance in mathematics and to examine the mediating roles of the need for cognition and mathematical metacognition in this relationship. A total of 1,268 secondary school students from Grades 7 to 10 completed the survey questionnaires. The findings revealed two key points: (1) there was a small but significant positive correlation between parental autonomy support and mathematics academic achievement across the entire sample (r = 0.09, p < 0.01), with the correlation being highest in Grade 9 (r = 0.19, p < 0.01); and (2) parental autonomy support influenced academic achievement in mathematics through the mediation of the need for cognition and mathematical metacognition, with a total effect size of 0.13.</p
Does working memory training improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms? A pair of three-level meta-analyses
No full textBackground: Emotional dysfunction is a core feature of many mental disorders. Working memory training (WMT) is promising to improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms), but the results are mixed. Therefore, we conducted meta-analyses to clarify these mixed results. Methods: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO to identify relevant studies and screened the references. The effect size was calculated using Hedges' g. Three-level, random-effects models were run using metafor in R. Results: The current study included 44 articles, of which 29 were involved with emotion regulation, and 30 were involved with internalizing symptoms. The results showed that WM-T could yield emotional benefits, but the benefits were confined to enhancing explicit emotional regulation capacity and reducing anxiety symptoms. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on emotion regulation, there was no significant moderator. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on internalizing symptoms, the emotional valence of the material and control group were statistically significant moderators. Conclusion: WM-T could yield certain emotional effects, but only to improve explicit emotion regulation capacity and reduce anxiety symptoms. In addition, some measures could enhance the effect, such as targeting specific populations, increasing the number of training sessions (>= 15) or duration (>450 minutes), using negative material, and using n-back training tasks.</p
The impact of college freshmen's body image self-discrepancy on social media use motivation
No full textPredictive Coding Theory inspired brain informer model for deciphering mental states across subjects
No full textThe impact of social comparison on self-deception: An event-related potentials study
No full textSelf-deception refers to an individual holding inflated beliefs about their abilities, and it plays a crucial role in human behavior and decision-making. The present study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to explore the neural responses to the impacts of social comparison direction and comparison gap on self-deceptive behavior. They were instructed to predict their performance in the forward-looking paradigm. Behavioral responses and neural reactions during the decision-making process were documented. The behavioral results indicated that, in contrast to the downward comparison condition, participants engaged in upward comparison exhibited more occurrences of self-deception. However, within the context of upward comparison, participants demonstrated a higher frequency of self-deception in the large gap condition compared with the small gap condition. The ERP results showed that induced self-deception under conditions with a large comparative gap between participants and their paired counterparts stimulated larger P300 and smaller N400 amplitude than under conditions with a small gap. However, when participants were in the upward comparison situation, the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude induced by self-deception behavior in the condition of a large comparison gap between participants and paired opponents was larger than that in the condition of a small comparison gap. These results indicated that individuals in the large gap group feel strong unfairness and negative emotions. More importantly, the self-deception induced by the large gap group in the upward comparison situation used fewer cognitive resources than the small gap condition, whereas the individuals in the downward comparison situation did not show the difference in cognitive resources.</p
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