Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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儿童亲社会行为的影响因素及培养策略
No full text<正>分享、帮助、安慰和合作行为是幼儿日常生活中常见的亲社会行为表现（Jackson等,2001），这些给其他人带来益处的亲社会行为对幼儿形成健康的社交技能至关重要，并且儿童早期的亲社会行为水平还能预测他们入学后的学习成绩（Collie等，2018）。因此，从小培养儿童的亲社会行为，对儿童后续的发展有着深远的意义。近年来，研究发现的一些儿童亲社会行为的影响因素或许能为我们培养儿童亲社会行为带来一些启示。</p
Computational modeling and experimental validation of Chinese lexical and semantic processing
No full text中文是全球华人广泛使用的文字,特点鲜明。由于其特异性,西方语言理论和模型无法直接应用于中文。现有中文词汇加工研究中,缺乏系统的计算模型来模拟词汇语义加工过程。本研究旨在通过计算建模和实验研究方法解决上述问题。研究将系统回顾中文词汇加工已有研究并进行元分析,构建模型以模拟中文词汇在孤立呈现及句子语境中的加工过程。该模型能够加工单字词和多字词,模拟词的形、音、义的加工过程及交互作用,并考虑语境中上下文的影响。最后,通过实验研究验证模型假设。本研究建立的中文词汇语义加工模型有助于理解中文阅读特异性认知机制和词汇加工的动态过程。</p
The changes in cooperation among strangers in China: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of social dilemmas (1999~2019)
No full text陌生人间的合作行为对于解决社会公共问题,应对世界百年未有之大变局意义重大。本研究采用横断历史元分析方法,基于1999～2019年间开展的254项使用社会困境范式测量我国陌生人间合作行为的研究(共302个合作率,29249名被试,平均年龄：18～28岁),探讨了中国社会中合作行为的变迁及一些社会发展指标在其中的解释作用,并比较中美两国的合作行为变迁趋势。结果表明,中国人的合作行为水平随时间而上升,一些社会发展指标(人均国内生产总值、城市化率、高等教育水平、互联网普及率等)可能是其上升的社会变迁基础。中美两国合作行为表现出相似的上升趋势,但中国的在更短时间内有更大上升幅度。研究结果对提振民众信心具有重要意义。</p
The Impact of Media Multitasking Behavior on Information Processing Among College Freshmen
No full textPurpose: The aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between media multitasking behavior and information processing depth among college freshmen, and analyze the impact of media multitasking behavior on college students’ information processing ability. Method: Using college freshmen as subjects, the media multitasking index was measured using a media usage questionnaire to analyze and compare the performance differences between the heavy media multitasking behavior group and the light media multitasking behavior group in deep laboratory processing tasks. Result: Compared to the mild media multitasking behavior group, the performance differences of the heavy media multitasking behavior group showed a decreasing trend under deep and shallow processing conditions. Conclusion: Long term media multitasking behavior can weaken individuals’ ability to deeply process information. Application: Guide media content production and dissemination strategies, optimize education and training design, and improve learning outcomes for learners.</p
Research advances in anhedonia symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder
No full text快感缺失是指愉悦感受的缺乏，约三分之二的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者存在快感缺失症状。快感缺失症状是PTSD的独立症状维度，在创伤后心理病理过程中发挥着重要作用，且与创伤后应激反应的持续、更严重的功能受损和更差的治疗反应密切相关。本文就PTSD快感缺失症状的定义、心理病理机制、遗传学基础以及神经生物学基础进行探讨，为未来快感缺失症状的研究提供思路。</p
Prevalence and risk factors for psychotic symptoms in young, first-episode and drug-na?ve patients with major depressive disorder
No full textBackground Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder worldwide. Psychotic depression has been reported to be frequently under-diagnosed due to poor recognition of psychotic features. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reveal the rate and risk factors of psychotic symptoms in young, drugnaive patients with major depressive disorder at the time of their first episode.Methods A total of 917 patients were recruited and divided into psychotic and non-psychotic subgroups based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale score. Anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms were measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), respectively. Several biochemical indicators such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were also measured.Results The rate of psychotic symptoms among young adult MDD patients was 9.1%. There were significant differences in TSH (p<0.001), FBG (p<0.001), TC (p<0.0001), TG (p = 0.001), HDL-C (p = 0.049), LDL-C (p = 0.010), diastolic blood pressure (DP) (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SP) (p<0.001), and HAMD total score (p<0.001) between young MDD patients with and without psychotic depression. HAMD, TSH, TC, and severe anxiety were independently associated with psychotic symptoms in young adult MDD patients. In addition, among young MDD patients, the rate of suicide attempts in the psychotic subgroup was much higher than in the non-psychotic subgroup (45.8% vs. 16.9%).Conclusions Our findings suggest that psychotic symptoms are common in young MDD patients. Several clinical variables and biochemical indicators are associated with the occurrence of psychotic symptoms in young MDD patients
Humans create more novelty than ChatGPT when asked to retell a story
No full textWe compare how humans retell stories to how ChatGPT retells stories in chains of three retellings by different people or different accounts on ChatGPT. ChatGPT provides competent summaries of the original narrative texts in one step of retelling. In subsequent retellings few additional changes occur. Human retellers, by contrast, reduce the original text incrementally and by creating 55-60% of novel words and concepts (synsets) at each iteration. The retellings by both ChatGPT and humans show very stable emotion ratings, which is a puzzle for human retellers given the high degree of novel inventions across retellings. ChatGPT maintains more nouns, adjectives, and prepositions and also uses language later acquired in life, while humans use more verbs, adverbs, and negations and use language acquired at a younger age. The results reveal that spontaneous retelling by humans involves ongoing creativity, anchored by emotions, beyond the default probabilistic wording of large language models such as ChatGPT
Application of life history theory to explain the association between childhood maltreatment and adulthood sleep problems in Chinese men with drug abuse: multiple mediating roles of emotion regulation, future-oriented coping, and anxiety
No full textBackground: Despite the practical importance of addressing the drug user's sleep problems to enhance the efficacy of treatment and rehabilitation, little is known about whether and how history of childhood maltreatment relates to this issue. This study takes an evolutionary perspective to investigate the associations between history of childhood maltreatment and sleep problems in adults with drug abuse via their emotion regulation difficulties, future-oriented coping, and anxiety. Methods: Participants were 604 male adults with drug abuse between the ages of 18-58 years (M = 36.20, SD = 8.17) in a drug rehabilitation centre in China. In addition to bivariate correlation analysis, path analysis was conducted to examine goodness-of-fit of the conceptual model, controlling for the effect of demographic characteristics. Results: Thirty-two percent of participants (n = 194) reported poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), whereas sleep disturbance (81.3%), daytime dysfunction (77.3%), and sleep latency (66.5%) were the three most common problems among them. Correlation analysis supported the hypothesised positive correlations between poor sleep quality and childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation difficulties, and anxiety, and a negative correlation with future-oriented coping. Results of path analysis showed a significant indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on sleep problems via both emotion regulation difficulties and anxiety, whereas such effects via both future-oriented coping and anxiety were statistically nonsignificant. Conclusions: The findings suggest life history theory is applicable to understanding drug users' sleep problems, and interventions regarding both emotion regulation difficulties and anxiety can lessen the risk posed by childhood maltreatment on sleep problems.</p
Dynamics of symptom network in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: Insight from the CNFEST project
No full textBackground: Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychotic disorder. Recent theories have emphasized the importance of interactions among psychiatric symptoms in understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia. In the current study, we examined the symptom network in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) at four time points during a six-month follow-up period. Methods: In total, 565 patients with FES were recruited from the Chinese First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial (CNFEST) project. Clinical symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and follow-up (514 patients at one month, 429 at three months, and 392 at six months). We used a network analysis approach to estimate symptom networks with individual symptoms as nodes and partial correlation coefficients between symptoms as edges. A cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) model was used to identify predictive pathways for clinical symptoms. Results: We found stable and strongly connected edges in patients across the time points, such as links between delusions and suspiciousness/persecution (P1:P6), and emotional withdrawal and passive/apathetic social withdrawal (N2:N4). Emotional withdrawal (N2), poor rapport (N3), and passive/apathetic social withdrawal (N4) had high centrality estimates across all four time points. CLPN analysis showed that negative symptoms, including emotional withdrawal (N2), poor rapport (N3), and passive/apathetic social withdrawal (N4), and stereotyped thinking (N7) may have predictive effects for negative and general symptoms at follow-ups. Conclusions: The symptom network of schizophrenia may be dynamic as treatment progresses. Negative symptoms remain the central and stable symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms may be potential therapeutic targets that predict other symptoms.</p
Sex difference in alexithymia and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a large sample study based on Chinese Han population
No full textSex differences in schizophrenia have been noted across domains such as alexithymia and cognitive function; however, how they interact remains unclear. This study aimed to explore sex differences in the relationship between alexithymia and cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia. A total of 695 patients (464 males and 231 females) who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. We assessed alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), cognitive function using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and psychiatric symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Male schizophrenic patients have to read 56.7% of the alexithymia rate, and higher scores on the RBANS visuospatial/constructional, language and total score than female patients (all P < 0.05).Alexithymia patients had lower language than non-alexithymia patients(P = 0.001). In addition, there were significant differences of the correlation scores for men and women in immediate memory and delayed memory (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that there are sex differences in the prevalence comorbid alexithymia symptoms, as well as their association with cognitive function, in patients with schizophrenia. However, a cross-sectional design could not establish definitive causative associations between sex and alexithymia or cognitive function.</p
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