Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The social transmission of empathy relies on observational reinforcement learning
No full textTheories of moral development propose that empathy is transmitted across individuals. However, the mechanisms through which empathy is socially transmitted remain unclear. Here, we combine computational learning models and functional MRI to investigate whether, and if so, how empathic and non- empathic responses observed in others affect the empathy of female observers. The results of three independent studies showed that watching empathic or non- empathic responses generates a learning signal that respectively increases or decreases empathy ratings of the observer. A fourth study revealed that the learning- related transmission of empathy is stronger when observing human rather than computer demonstrators. Finally, we show that the social transmission of empathy alters empathy- related responses in the anterior insula, i.e., the same region that correlated with empathy baseline ratings, as well as its functional connectivity with the temporoparietal junction. Together, our findings provide a computational and neural mechanism for the social transmission of empathy that accounts for changes in individual empathic responses in empathic and non- empathic social environments.</p
An Analysis of the Curative Expenditure and Economic Burden of Mental Health and Mental Retardation Disorders in China
Get PDF目的：核算我国心理与精神障碍疾病治疗费用规模，分析筹资结构，为优化我国心理与精神障碍疾病筹资和防控政策提供决策依据。方法：基于“卫生费用核算体系2011”核算我国2018年心理与精神障碍治疗费用，分析服务功能分布、机构流向和筹资负担等。结果：2018年我国心理健康与精神障碍治疗费用达871.68亿元，其中84.00%发生在医院，66.00%以上发生在住院。从筹资构成看，治疗费用中家庭卫生支出占比为31.80%。结论：我国心理与精神障碍治疗费用发展快速，现有资源配置不合理，需要优化功能与机构配置，治疗费用中居民个人付费水平较高，筹资政策需要进一步完善及优化。</p
Relationship between father involvement and adolescent's life satisfaction:a multiple mediation model of co-parenting and father-child attachment
No full text目的 探讨父亲参与和青少年生活满意度的关系以及共同养育和父子依恋的中介作用。方法 采用父亲参与教养问卷、共同养育关系量表、父子依恋量表、青少年生活满意度量表，对325名10～16岁青少年及其家长进行匿名施测。分析父亲参与和青少年生活满意度的关系并进行中介效应检验。结果 父亲参与、共同养育、父子依恋、青少年生活满意度，两两之间呈显著正相关。父亲参与对青少年生活满意度的直接效应不显著。父亲参与通过共同养育、父子依恋的中介作用以及两者的链式中介作用，对青少年生活满意度产生间接效应。结论 共同养育和父子依恋在父亲参与对青少年生活满意度的影响中起多重中介作用。</p
在测试中寻找自我的意义
No full text<正>心理测验能帮我们了解自己的内心世界。从心理学角度说,人的内心世界极为复杂,专家针对不同的心理结构和过程,编制了不同的心理测验工具,比如记忆测验、智力测验、情绪类型及其敏感度测验、人格测验、社交倾向测验以及心理健康和变态心理测验等。每个测验揭示的都是个体复杂心理世界的一个侧面、一种特征或单一过程,不能只凭借1-2个心理测验结果来推断个体的整体心理,否则会得出以偏概全的错误推断。</p
Reorganization of intrinsic functional connectivity in early-stage Parkinson's disease patients with probable REM sleep behavior disorder
No full textREM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggest both a clinically and pathologically malignant subtype. However, whether RBD symptoms are associated with alterations in the organization of whole-brain intrinsic functional networks in PD, especially at early disease stages, remains unclear. Here we use resting-state functional MRI, coupled with graph-theoretical approaches and network-based statistics analyses, and validated with large-scale network analyses, to characterize functional brain networks and their relationship with clinical measures in early PD patients with probable RBD (PD+pRBD), early PD patients without probable RBD (PD-pRBD) and healthy controls. Thirty-six PD+pRBD, 57 PD-pRBD and 71 healthy controls were included in the final analyses. The PD+pRBD group demonstrated decreased global efficiency (t = -2.036, P = 0.0432) compared to PD-pRBD, and decreased network efficiency, as well as comprehensively disrupted nodal efficiency and whole-brain networks (all eight networks, but especially in the sensorimotor, default mode and visual networks) compared to healthy controls. The PD-pRBD group showed decreased nodal degree in right ventral frontal cortex and more affected edges in the frontoparietal and ventral attention networks compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the assortativity coefficient was negatively correlated with Montreal cognitive assessment scores in the PD+pRBD group (r = -0.365, P = 0.026, d = 0.154). The observation of altered whole-brain functional networks and its correlation with cognitive function in PD+pRBD suggest reorganization of the intrinsic functional connectivity to maintain the brain function in the early stage of the disease. Future longitudinal studies following these alterations along disease progression are warranted.</p
The Coherence between Feature Similarity and Spatial Proximity Networks Can Predict Perceived Grouping: the Multiplex Cognitive Network Approach
No full textTo address the lack of effective tools for evaluating perceived grouping in interfaces, we introduced a multiplex cognitive network approach. This method, grounded in theory and empirical evidence, predicts perceived grouping by representing and analyzing the similarity and proximity of interface elements, such as through Euclidean distances and color-coding for proximity and similarity networks, respectively. Pearson correlation of these networks provided a measure of network coherence, serving as an indicator of perceived grouping. Through user studies on list-form and grid-form mobile interfaces, involving quick browsing and subjective evaluation tasks, we found that network coherence significantly enhances our understanding of interface grouping, and further validated by perceived visual complexity. Specifically, network coherence explained an additional 18% to 23% of the variance in perceived ease of grouping and visual complexity for list-form interfaces, respectively, and 8% to 16% for grid-form interfaces, beyond what was accounted for by control variables. Our findings suggest that network coherence is a robust indicator for evaluating perceived grouping in interface design.</p
伴暴食行为的功能性胃肠病３例
No full text一些功能性胃肠病(FGID)患者存在暴食行为，反复发作的暴食是暴食症和神经性贪食的诊断特征之一，也可见于神经性厌食症患者。本文报道了3例伴暴食行为的FGID患者，并结合患者的临床检查、心理测量和预后，围绕消化道症状与暴食行为的关系，消化科患者的进食障碍风险评估，以及相关问题的识别与早期诊疗等展开讨论。</p
A Study of the Emotional and Cognitive Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Nature Virtual Reality (VR) Videos on Mobile Terminals
No full textResearch Highlights: This study examined the emotional and cognitive health benefits of nature in comparison with working memory training. It considered the long-term effects, the application of mobile terminal technology, and routine-based approaches with the aim of integrating nature’s health benefits into people’s daily lives. Background and Objectives: Infectious diseases and aging may limit people’s activities indoors; the recovery effect of nature has been widely recognized, and terminal technology is developing rapidly. In this context, we want to explore the emotional and cognitive effects of viewing nature (VR) videos on mobile devices for a long time. Materials and Methods: The experiment employed a between-subjects design, with participants being randomly assigned to one of four groups: a forest VR video group, a water VR group, a working memory training group, and a control group. The participants watched the video three times a week for 20 min each for four weeks. The number of valid participants for compliance, preference, and willingness was 136, and the number of valid participants for the study of emotional and cognitive effects was 62. Brief Profile of Mood States (BPOMS) scales, running memory accuracy, shifting cost, etc., were used as indicators to reflect emotions and cognition. A repeated measures analysis of variance was performed on these indicators at four groups × two time points (pretest/post-test). Results: ① There were no significant differences in the participants’ adherence, preferences, and willingness to watch different natural videos and perform working memory training. ② Long-term home training (e.g., watching VR nature videos or working memory training) may have had a minimal effect on emotional responses to mobile terminals. However, home training may be more conducive to the stabilization of anger. ③ Watching forest VR videos had a positive effect on the updating function of the brain; watching water VR videos was beneficial for the shifting function and automatic processing speed; and working memory training had a positive effect on the updating and shifting functions. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in adherence, preference, willingness, and effects on emotion and cognition between long-term forest VR video viewing, water VR video viewing, and working memory training on mobile terminals. All three types of home training may be beneficial for the stabilization of emotion (especially anger), and all can have some positive effects on cognition.</p
The Impact of Media Multitasking Behavior Among College Freshmen on Information Processing: A Study Based on Academic Performance
No full textObjective: To explore the impact of media multitasking behavior on the depth of information processing by analyzing the relationship between media multitasking behavior and academic performance of college freshmen in terms of ecological validity. Method: A total of 178 college freshmen were selected, and the media multitasking index was measured using a media usage questionnaire. The heavy media multitasking behavior group (HMM) and light media multitasking behavior group (LMM) were selected, and the differences in demographic information, mobile phone usage, and academic performance in the college entrance examination, professional courses, and public courses between the HMM and LMM groups were analyzed and compared. Result: There was no significant difference in demographic information, mobile phone usage, and college entrance examination scores between the HMM and LMM groups, as well as subjective and objective scores in professional courses. However, there was a significant difference in objective scores in public courses (P < 0.05), and there was a marginal difference in subjective scores in public courses, all of which were lower in the HMM group than in the LMM group. Long term media multitasking behavior can weaken individuals’ ability to deeply process information and affect the academic performance of college students. Innovation: There has been limited research on the impact of media multitasking behavior on information processing in the past. This study starts from the perspective of ecological validity, analyzes the differences in the impact of media multitasking behavior on the academic performance of college freshmen in professional and public courses, and concludes the relationship between media multitasking behavior and information processing. That is, the more media multitasking behavior, the shallower the individual’s information processing level.</p
Resting-state magnetic resonance and clinical symptoms in depressed adult patients with non-suicidal self-injury
No full text目的 探究伴有非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的抑郁障碍(MDD)静息状态下大脑功能的激活水平及临床症状的表现水平。方法 选取发作期MDD伴NSSI患者9名，采用基于血氧水平依赖性(BOLD)信号的低频振荡幅度(ALFF)方法进行分析，探讨伴有NSSI的MDD患者大脑的自发神经活动，并对该群体反刍思维、认知融合、正念注意觉知水平进行探讨。结果 MDD伴NSSI患者静息状态下右侧楔前叶、左侧颞下回、右侧颞中回、左侧颞上回、右侧缘上回存在正激活(T=4.500,P<0.001),左侧枕中回、右侧背外侧额上回、右侧脑岛存在负激活(T=4.500,P<0.001)。反刍思维与认知融合(r=0.907,P<0.01)、正念注意觉知水平(r=-0.722,P<0.05)存在显著相关。结论 MDD伴NSSI患者静息状态下大脑自发活动可能存在异常。</p
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