Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The relationship between self-control and college student smartphone addiction: a two-wave multiple mediation model
No full textAlthough low self-control is regarded as an important influence factor of college student smartphone addiction, the mediating mechanism is still unclear. Based on the I-PACE model, the present study aims to explore the multiple mediating roles of social anxiety and procrastination in the effect of self-control on smartphone addiction among college students, as well as the gender differences, using a semi-longitudinal design. Our sample consisted of 1143 Chinese college students (36.4% males; Mage=21.91 years, SD = 1.02 years, range from 19 to 28 years) who completed the Brief Self-control Scale, the Interaction Anxiousness Scale, the Pure Pocrastination Scale, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze correlations among variables and Mplus 8.0 was used to test the structural equation model and gender differences. The results indicated that self-control was negatively associated with smartphone addiction. Social anxiety and procrastination sequentially mediated the link between self-control and smartphone addiction. Furthermore, although the proposed mediation model did not show significant gender differences, we found different associations between self-control, procrastination and smartphone addiction between males and females. The results of this study may contribute to intervention and prevention programs to reduce smartphone addiction among students.</p
Bridging childhood to adulthood: the impact of early life stress on acute stress responses
No full textBackground Childhood trauma exerts enduring impacts on the physical and psychological well-being of individuals in adulthood, influencing their daily functioning. This study aims to investigate the impact of childhood trauma on stress recovery in adults, concentrating on heart rate variations during acute stress exposure.Methods A cohort of 126 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to elicit acute stress, with continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring for stress recovery assessment.Results The results revealed a negative correlation between childhood trauma and stress recovery, prominently observed in instances of emotional neglect and abuse. Individuals with heightened childhood trauma exhibited protracted stress recovery following acute stress exposure.Conclusion Childhood traumatic experiences were associated with the recovery from acute stress, as indicated by heart rate indices. These findings contribute to the foundational framework for psychological interventions tailored to individuals with a history of childhood trauma.</p
Serial multiple mediating roles of anxiety and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the relationship between depression and psychotic symptoms in young adults with anxious depression
No full textBackground: Psychotic symptoms (PS) frequently occur in young adults with anxious depression (AD), yet the mediators of the associations between depression and PS remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of PS in first -episode and drugnaive (FEDN) young adults with AD and attempted to elucidate the relationship between thyroid -stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, anxiety, depression, and PS, as well as to identify potential mediating roles. Methods: 369 FEDN young adults with AD were recruited. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale's positive subscale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Fasting glucose, lipids, and thyroid function were also collected. Results: The prevalence of PS in young adults with AD (21.68 %) was 12.24 times higher than in non -AD patients. The HAMD scores (P = 0.005, OR = 1.23), HAMA scores (P < 0.001, OR = 1.62), and TSH levels (P = 0.025, OR = 1.20) were significant predictors of PS. The combined area under the curve value for distinguishing young adults with AD with and without PS was 0.86. We also identified serial multiple mediating effects of TSH levels and anxiety on the association of depression with PS. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the role of anxiety and TSH levels as serial mediators of the association between depression and PS. Therefore, when treating PS in young adults with AD, it is important to focus not only on depression, but also on TSH levels and anxiety to maximize benefit.</p
Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of internet addiction among Chinese adolescents with schizophrenia
No full textBackground Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) exhibit sex differences in various aspects, and patients with SCZ have a high prevalence of internet addiction (IA). However, sex differences in IA among patients with SCZ mostly remain unstudied, particularly in Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ. This study investigated sex differences in prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlates of IA among Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ.Methods A total of 706 adolescent patients with SCZ were enrolled in this study using a cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method. Demographics and clinical data of the patients were collected using a standardized clinical assessment form. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Young's Internet Addiction Test were used to evaluate psychopathological symptoms and IA respectively.Results Overall, the prevalence of IA among Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ was 26.30% (95% CI: 23.09-29.60%). In Chinese adolescents with SCZ, there was a sex difference in the comorbidity of IA (males: 33.33% vs. females: 21.69%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that IA was significantly predicted by good socioeconomic status in male and female patients with SCZ. City of living and PANSS total score were associated with IA in male patients with SCZ. In contrast, hospitalization rate and depression score were associated with IA in female patients with SCZ.Conclusion Our study suggests sex differences in clinical correlates of IA in Chinese adolescent patients with SCZ. An additional longitudinal study is required to confirm the findings of the present study.</p
Need for uniqueness and adolescents' problematic internet use: longitudinal evidence on the role of stress and ego depletion
No full textIn the dual context of the continued growth of the Chinese need for uniqueness and the popularity of Internet use among Chinese youth, this study examined the relationship between need for uniqueness and problematic Internet use and its mechanism (the multiple mediating effects of stress and ego depletion). Using a three-wave longitudinal design, a total of 470 Chinese adolescents (girls = 237, Mage = 13.13, SD = 0.67) were tested by the Need for Uniqueness Scale, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21), Ego Depletion Scale and Problematic Internet Use Scale. The results showed that: (1) Need for uniqueness, stress, ego depletion and problematic Internet use were positively correlated with each other. (2) Mediation model test indicates that stress had a significant mediating effect between need for uniqueness and problematic Internet use. The chain mediating effect of stress and ego depletion was also significant. However, ego depletion cannot mediate the relationship between need for uniqueness and problematic Internet use. In conclusion, this study suggests that the need for uniqueness is not only directly associated with problematic Internet use in adolescents but also through stress and the chain mediating effect of stress and ego depletion. These findings support the Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution model for Internet addiction (I-PACE) and provide new insights for the prevention and intervention of problematic Internet use.</p
Interoceptive awareness mediated the effects of a 15-minute diaphragmatic breathing on empathy for pain: A randomized controlled trial
No full textAlthough empathy for pain plays an important role in positive interpersonal relationships and encourages engagement in prosocial behavior, it remains largely unknown whether empathy for pain could be effectively altered by psychophysiological techniques. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a single session of diaphragmatic breathing practice on empathy for pain and examine the potential mechanism involving interoceptive awareness. A total of 66 healthy participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a 15-minute diaphragmatic breathing (DB) practice with real-time biofeedback, while the control group was to gaze at a black screen at rest and not engaged in any other activities. Before and after the invention, all participants were instructed to evaluate the intensity and unpleasantness of empathy for pain while watching different pictures with pain or non-pain conditions. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) was then administered to measure interoceptive awareness. The results indicated a significant interaction between group and time with regard to empathy for pain and MAIA. The DB group showed a statistically significant decrease in both pain intensity and unpleasantness during the pain picture condition, as well as a noteworthy increase in MAIA scores. The control group did not demonstrate any substantial changes. More importantly, the regulation of attention, a dimension of MAIA, had a significant mediating effect on the impact of diaphragmatic breathing on reported unpleasantness. Diaphragmatic breathing could serve as a simple, convenient, and practical strategy to optimize human empathy for pain that warrants further investigation, which has important implications not only for individuals with impaired empathy for pain but also for the improvement of interoceptive awareness.</p
Decomposition of an odorant in olfactory perception and neural representation
No full textMolecules-the elementary units of substances-are commonly considered the units of processing in olfactory perception, giving rise to undifferentiated odour objects invariant to environmental variations. By selectively perturbing the processing of chemical substructures with adaptation ('the psychologist's microelectrode') in a series of psychophysical and neuroimaging experiments (458 participants), we show that two perceptually distinct odorants sharing part of their structural features become significantly less discernible following adaptation to a third odorant containing their non-shared structural features, in manners independent of olfactory intensity, valence, quality or general olfactory adaptation. The effect is accompanied by reorganizations of ensemble activity patterns in the posterior piriform cortex that parallel subjective odour quality changes, in addition to substructure-based neural adaptations in the anterior piriform cortex and amygdala. Central representations of odour quality and the perceptual outcome thus embed submolecular structural information and are malleable by recent olfactory encounters. This study demonstrates the decomposition of an odour compound in olfactory perception and central neural representation and establishes a direct correspondence between the coding of submolecular chemical features and odour quality.</p
Evaluation of changes in college students' experience of family harmony before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textFamily harmony is a state of good relations among family members, smooth communication, mutual support and reasonable conflict resolution. Maintaining good family harmony is important for improving individual well-being, promoting physical and mental health, and fostering social stability and development. The factors affecting the developmental changes of family harmony are currently under-explored, and our study followed the same cohort of university students for more than three years in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, thus revealing the impact of the pandemic on college students' experience of family harmony. 215 (M = 18.87, SD = 0.92), 211 (M = 18.88, SD = 0.92), and 57 (M = 21.70, SD = 0.82) participants completed the College Students' Experience of Family Harmony Questionnaire (CSEFHQ) in early December 2019 (before the pandemic), March 2020 (at the stage of the outbreak of COVID-19), and April 2023 (after the end of the pandemic). Using mixed regression models, significant differences in college students' experience of family harmony were found at three time points. Our study shows that college students' experience of family harmony is significantly lower over time, from before the epidemic to during the epidemic to after the end of the epidemic. It is evident that the Covid-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on family harmony and that the impact persisted after the end of the epidemic to the extent that the sense of family harmony after the end of the epidemic was not only lower than before the epidemic but also lower than during the epidemic. The study suggests that individuals need to make efforts to establish good communication with family members, increase opportunities to spend time together, and support each other in order to overcome the negative effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on family harmony.</p
Development of Social Participation Scale for Older Adults and Assessment on Reliability and Validity in the Context of Healthy Aging
No full text目的:在健康老龄化背景下，编制老年人社会参与量表，并检验其信效度，为构建老年人社会参与评估体系提供参考。方法:结合文献分析、半结构化访谈和量表评估设计量表的维度和条目，制作初始量表。以方便抽样的方式在北京市某城区街道37个社区开展调查，共获得1453名60岁以上老年人的有效样本，采用随机分半样本1(n=752)进行项目分析、探索性因子分析等，样本2(n=701)进行验证性因子分析及信效度检验。分析社会参与和抑郁情绪及正负情绪等心理健康指标的相关性。结果:新编量表包含22个条目，社会参与分为亲友互访、团体文娱、志愿公益、家事活动、休闲活动、网络参与6个维度。6因子结构模型拟合良好：χ~2/df=3.26,CFI=0.91,TLI=0.89,RMSEA=0.057,SRMR=0.048。量表具有良好的项目区分度、omega合成信度(0.87)、ICC重测信度(0.85)和效标关联效度(0.49)。社会参与和抑郁情绪(-0.26)、正向情绪(0.33)、负向情绪(-0.12)等心理健康指标显著相关。结论:本研究编制的老年人社会参与量表具有一定的科学性，经检验量表具有较好的信效度，和抑郁情绪及正负情绪等心理健康指标呈显著相关，可用于评估老年人的社会参与状况。</p
Identifying stress scores from gait biometrics captured using a camera: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Stress is a critical risk factor for various health issues, but an objective, non-intrusive and effective measurement approach for stress has not yet been established. Gait, the pattern of movements in human locomotion, has been proven to be a valid behavioral indicator for recognizing various mental states in a convenient manner. Research Question: This study aims to identify the severity of stress by assessing human gait recorded through an objective, non-intrusive measurement approach. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two participants with an average age of 23 years old (SD = 1.07) were recruited. The Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale with 10 items (PSS-10) was used to assess participants' stress levels. The participants were then required to walk naturally while being recorded with a regular camera. A total of 1320 time-domain and 1152 frequency-domain gait features were extracted from the videos. The top 40 contributing features, confirmed by dimensionality reduction, were input into models consisting of four machinelearning regression algorithms (i.e., Gaussian Process Regressor, Linear Regression, Random Forest Regressor, and Support Vector regression), to assess stress levels. Results: The models that combined time- and frequency-domain features performed best, with the lowest RMSE (4.972) and highest validation (r = 0.533). The Gaussian Process Regressor and Linear Regression outperformed the others. The greatest contribution to model performance was derived from gait features of the waist, hands, and legs. Significance: The severity of stress can be accurately detected by machine learning models using two-dimensional (2D) video-based gait data. The machine learning models used for assessing perceived stress were reliable. Waist, hand, and leg movements were found to be critical indicator in detecting stress.</p
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