Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Correlation analysis and gender differences of cognitive function based on mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and suicidal tendency in patients with schizophrenia
No full textBackground The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation and gender differences between cognition and suicidal tendency in patients with schizophrenia.Methods A total of 554 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess clinical symptoms.Results In male patients, MMSE score and the incidence of suicidal tendency were correlated (P = 0.04, OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00-1.12). Among patients with cognitive dysfunction, IRI score (P = 0.01, OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01-1.06), and types of antipsychotic drugs (P < 0.01, OR = 3.97, 95%CI: 1.76-8.97) in male patients were associated risk factors for suicidal ideation. Among patients without cognitive dysfunction, PANSS positive subscale score (P = 0.03, OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.11), and PANSS general psychopathology score (P = 0.02, OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.08) were associated risk factors for suicidal ideation in male patients and PANSS positive subscale score (P < 0.01, OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05-1.26) were associated risk factors for suicidal ideation in female patients.Conclusions There were significant gender differences in the correlation between cognitive functioning and suicidal ideation in patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive function may play an important mediating role in other factors on suicide
Differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in male patients with methamphetamine and heroin use disorder in a Chinese Han population
No full textBackground and Objectives: Comorbidity of substance use disorders and depression is a common phenomenon. It is well known that opioid addiction is neurobiologically distinct from psychostimulant addiction. However, direct comparisons of comorbid depressive symptoms in patients with methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MAUD) and heroin use disorders (HUD) have been lacking until now.Methods: A total of 353 patients with methamphetamine use disorder, 76 patients with HUD, and 203 healthy controls were recruited. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-SF), the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) were used to measure participants' depressive symptoms, drug craving, and childhood abuse or neglect, respectively.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 35.41% (125/353) in MAUD and 56.57% (43/76) in MAUD, significantly higher than the 22.66% (46/203) in healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the total BDI score between the MAUD and HUD groups (F = 5.02, df = 1, 372, p = .026). Among MAUD, years of education, history of incarceration, month of abstinence and negative reinforcement scores were associated with depressive symptoms (all p < .05). Among HUD, duration of drug use, childhood emotional abuse and sexual abuse were associated with depressive symptoms (all p < .05).Conclusions and Scientific Significance: The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms differ between MAUD and HUD, adding to the existing literature. Therefore, treatment and intervention programs should be designed to address these unique correlates in HUD and MAUD patients
Sex difference in alexithymia and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a large sample study based on Chinese Han population
No full textSex differences in schizophrenia have been noted across domains such as alexithymia and cognitive function; however, how they interact remains unclear. This study aimed to explore sex differences in the relationship between alexithymia and cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia. A total of 695 patients (464 males and 231 females) who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. We assessed alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), cognitive function using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and psychiatric symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Male schizophrenic patients have to read 56.7% of the alexithymia rate, and higher scores on the RBANS visuospatial/constructional, language and total score than female patients (all P < 0.05).Alexithymia patients had lower language than non-alexithymia patients(P = 0.001). In addition, there were significant differences of the correlation scores for men and women in immediate memory and delayed memory (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that there are sex differences in the prevalence comorbid alexithymia symptoms, as well as their association with cognitive function, in patients with schizophrenia. However, a cross-sectional design could not establish definitive causative associations between sex and alexithymia or cognitive function
The influence of Upward social comparison on Lying flat in the context of digital social media
No full text当前社会出现的躺平现象对青年的精神和行为造成很大影响，一部分青年躺平后不再努力奋斗，也有一部分青年把躺平当作阶段性的休息，休息结束后继续努力向目标出发。本研究旨在探讨数字化社交媒体背景下，上行社会比较对躺平的影响，并通过检验社交媒体使用依赖、核心自我评价的链式中介效应、自我概念清晰性的中介效应以及神经质的调节效应来揭示这种影响的机制，为心理健康干预和职业健康心理学领域提供理论和实践上的启示。
为保证实验的严谨性，本研究设置两个研究，分别采用定量分析和定性分析两种方法。研究 1 采用方便抽样的方法，使用社交媒体上行社会比较量表、躺平程度量表、自我概念清晰性量表、核心自我评价量表、社交媒体使用依赖量表和神经质量表对全国 521 人进行施测，并对收集到的数据进行相关分析、中介效应和调节效应分析。研究 2 随机选取研究 1 被试 10 人进行一对一半结构性访谈，并根据扎根理论对访谈记录进行总结提炼，得出个体的社交媒体使用与躺平情绪心理与行为表现。
结果显示：（1）社交媒体上行社会比较与躺平、逃避躺平、觉醒躺平间呈显著正相关。（2）社交媒体使用依赖、核心自我评价分别在社交媒体上行社会比较与躺平总维度、逃避躺平具有链式中介作用。（3）自我概念清晰性在社交媒体上行社会比较与躺平各维度均具有部分中介作用。（4）神经质在社交媒体上行社会比较与躺平各维度均无调节作用。（5）质性研究结果表明，个体在使用社交媒体时会产生积极影响和消极影响。消极影响包括负面信息太多、虚假 信息多会对社交媒体上行社会比较造成影响，个体因受到消极影响而产生竞争意识、后悔自责或者羡慕的心理，心生挫败感同时倾向于被迫接受现实，最后做出拖延、减少社交和随波逐流等躺平行为。同时个体如果有更高的自信和目标感，他们不仅在社交媒体上行社会比较后不会躺平，还对躺平有更开放的态度，他们认为躺平不是完全消极的，躺平是一种个体选择，这种选择取决于个人意志和社会环境。
结论：（1）逃避躺平与觉醒躺平有着显著的差别，且躺平总维度与逃避躺平的相关性更显著。（2）在社交媒体上行社会比较与躺平和逃避躺平的关系中，核心自我评价和社交媒体使用依赖起到链式中介作用。（3）在社交媒体上行社会比较与躺平各维度的关系中，自我概念清晰性起到中介作用，神经质的调节效应不成立
Similarities and differences in dynamic properties of brain networks between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder
No full textBackground: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and tobacco use disorder (TUD) are two major addiction disorders that result in substantial financial loss. Identifying the similarities and differences between these two disorders is important to understand substance addiction and behavioral addiction. The current study was designed to compare these two disorders utilizing dynamic analysis. Method: Resting-state data were collected from 35 individuals with IGD, 35 individuals with TUD and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Dynamic coactivation pattern analysis was employed to decipher their dynamic patterns. Results: IGD participants showed decreased coactivation patterns within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and the salience network (SN). The SN showed reduced coactivation patterns with the executive control network (ECN) and DMN, and the ECN showed decreased coactivation patterns with the DMN. In the TUD group, the DMN exhibited decreased coactivation patterns with the SN, the SN exhibited reduced coactivation patterns with the DMN and ECN, and the ECN showed decreased coactivation patterns with the DMN and within the ECN. Furthermore, the triple network model was fitted to the dynamic properties of the two addiction disorders. Decoding analysis results indicated that addiction-related memory and memory retrieval displayed similar dysfunctions in both addictions. Conclusion: The dynamic characteristics of IGD and TUD suggest that there are similarities in the dynamic features between the SN and DMN and differences in the dynamic features between the DMN and ECN. Our results revealed that the two addiction disorders have dissociable brain mechanisms, indicating that future studies should consider these two addiction disorders as having two separate mechanisms to achieve precise treatment for their individualized targets.</p
The Negative Impacts of Life Stress on Empathy for Emotions, for Music, but Not for Pain
No full textObjectivesEmpathy is sharing and understanding others' feelings and emotions. The stress of life seems to push people away not only from mental wellness but also from empathy for others. This notion, however, lacks empirical verification. This study aims to investigate the impact of life stress on three dimensions of empathy (viz., for physical pain, emotions, and music).MethodVia an online survey, 619 Chinese participants were recruited from among clinical workers and the general population to complete a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI), the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Empathy for Pain Scale (EPS), the Music Empathizing (ME) inventory, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ).ResultsResults revealed that the perceived life stress negatively predicted participants' empathy for emotions, as well as for music, but not for physical pain. Furthermore, mediation analyses illuminated that participants' psychological wellness (e.g., burnout and mindfulness) mediated the predictive pathway from life stress to empathy.ConclusionsOverall, the current study revealed the subtle distinctions among the three empathy dimensions under the impacts of life stress. Moreover, the current results hinted at the potential of stress reduction (e.g., mindfulness training) in empathy promotion.</p
U-shaped association between fasting blood glucose and suicide attempts in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-na?ve major depressive disorder
No full textBackground Evidence regarding the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and suicide attempts (SA) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) was limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate whether FBG was independently related to SA in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) MDD after adjusting for other covariates.Methods The present study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1718 participants (average age: 34.9 +/- 12.4 years, 65.8% females) with FEDN MDD were involved in a hospital in China from September 2016 to December 2018. Multiple logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting were used to estimate the association between FBG and the risk of SA. The threshold effect was examined by the two-piecewise linear regression model. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to sex, education, marital status, comorbid anxiety, and psychotic symptoms.Results The prevalence of SA in patients with FEDN MDD was 20.1%. The result of fully adjusted binary logistic regression showed FBG was positively associated with the risk of SA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.13-2.32). Smoothing plots also revealed a nonlinear relationship between FBG and SA, with the inflection point of FBG being 5.34 mmol/l. The effect sizes and the confidence intervals on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.53 (0.32-0.88, P = 0.014) and 1.48 (1.04-2.10, P = 0.030), respectively.Conclusions A U-shaped relationship between FBG and SA in FEDN MDD patients was found, with the lowest risk of SA at a FBG of 5.34 mmol/l, indicating that both the lower and higher FBG levels may lead to an increased risk of SA.</p
How dyadic emotional transmission shapes teacher-student relationship: effects of emotional convergence on cohesion in teacher-student interaction
No full textUnderstanding the dynamics of teacher-student relationships is crucial, and emotional exchange plays a pivotal role in this process. This study aims to investigate the predictive mechanisms underlying affective and physiological responses synchrony, specifically focusing on positive emotional convergence and its impact on emotional cohesion during teacher-student interactions. To achieve this, we implemented a novel reading-following paradigm to induce teacher-student interaction within an actual classroom setting. Galvanic skin response (GSR) signals were collected using wrist-worn wearable devices from both teachers and students during class. Following each session, teachers and students individually completed questionnaires to evaluate the quality of their interaction and the cohesion between them. Results indicate that the reading-following paradigm facilitated creative emotional convergence between teachers and students. Moreover, a positive association was observed between teacher-student interaction and teacher-student cohesion, mediated by affective responses synchrony and physiological coupling between teachers and students. Additionally, the influence of teacher-student interaction on affective responses synchrony was moderated by physiological predictability. The implications of these findings for future research and their potential application in the classroom setting are discussed.</p
Genetic association analysis of human median voice pitch identifies a common locus for tonal and non-tonal languages
No full textThe genetic influence on human vocal pitch in tonal and non-tonal languages remains largely unknown. In tonal languages, such as Mandarin Chinese, pitch changes differentiate word meanings, whereas in non-tonal languages, such as Icelandic, pitch is used to convey intonation. We addressed this question by searching for genetic associations with interindividual variation in median pitch in a Chinese major depression case-control cohort and compared our results with a genome-wide association study from Iceland. The same genetic variant, rs11046212-T in an intron of the ABCC9 gene, was one of the most strongly associated loci with median pitch in both samples. Our meta-analysis revealed four genome-wide significant hits, including two novel associations. The discovery of genetic variants influencing vocal pitch across both tonal and non-tonal languages suggests the possibility of a common genetic contribution to the human vocal system shared in two distinct populations with languages that differ in tonality (Icelandic and Mandarin). A GWAS finds genetic link in ABCC9 gene affecting vocal pitch in both Mandarin and Icelandic speakers, suggesting a shared genetic influence on human vocal systems across populations.</p
Temporal interference stimulation targets deep primate brain
No full textTemporal interference (TI) stimulation, a novel non-invasive stimulation strategy, has recently been shown to modulate neural activity in deep brain regions of living mice. Yet, it is uncertain if this method is applicable to larger brains and whether the electric field produced under traditional safety currents can penetrate deep regions as observed in mice. Despite recent model-based simulation studies offering positive evidence at both macro- and micro-scale levels, the absence of electrophysiological data from actual brains hinders comprehensive understanding and potential application of TI. This study aims to directly measure the spatiotemporal properties of the interfered electric field in the rhesus monkey brain and to validate the effects of TI on the human brain. Two monkeys were involved in the measurement, with implantation of several stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) depth electrodes. TI stimulation was applied to anesthetized monkeys using two pairs of surface electrodes at differing stimulation parameters. Model-based simulations were also conducted and subsequently compared with actual recordings. Additionally, TI stimulation was administered to patients with motor disorders to validate its effects on motor symptoms. Through the integration of computational electric field simulation with empirical measurements, it was determined that the temporally interfering electric fields in the deep central regions are capable of attaining a magnitude sufficient to induce a subthreshold modulation effect on neural signals. Additionally, an improvement in movement disorders was observed as a result of TI stimulation. This study is the first to systematically measure the TI electric field in living non -human primates, offering empirical evidence that TI holds promise as a more focal and precise method for modulating neural activities in deep regions of a large brain. This advancement paves the way for future applications of TI in treating neuropsychiatric disorders.</p
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