Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Does working memory training improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms? A pair of three-level meta-analyses
No full textBackground: Emotional dysfunction is a core feature of many mental disorders. Working memory training (WMT) is promising to improve emotion regulation and reduce internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms), but the results are mixed. Therefore, we conducted meta-analyses to clarify these mixed results. Methods: We searched Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EBSCO to identify relevant studies and screened the references. The effect size was calculated using Hedges' g. Three-level, random-effects models were run using metafor in R. Results: The current study included 44 articles, of which 29 were involved with emotion regulation, and 30 were involved with internalizing symptoms. The results showed that WM-T could yield emotional benefits, but the benefits were confined to enhancing explicit emotional regulation capacity and reducing anxiety symptoms. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on emotion regulation, there was no significant moderator. For the meta-analysis regarding the effect of WM-T on internalizing symptoms, the emotional valence of the material and control group were statistically significant moderators. Conclusion: WM-T could yield certain emotional effects, but only to improve explicit emotion regulation capacity and reduce anxiety symptoms. In addition, some measures could enhance the effect, such as targeting specific populations, increasing the number of training sessions (>= 15) or duration (>450 minutes), using negative material, and using n-back training tasks
Mapping the neural mechanism that distinguishes between holistic thinking and analytic thinking
No full textHolistic and analytic thinking are two distinct modes of thinking used to interpret the world with relative preferences varying across cultures. While most research on these thinking styles has focused on behavioral and cognitive aspects, a few studies have utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the correlations between brain metrics and self-reported scale scores. Other fMRI studies used single holistic and analytic thinking tasks. As a single task may involve processing in spurious low-level regions, we used two different holistic and analytic thinking tasks, namely the frame-line task and the triad task, to seek convergent brain regions to distinguish holistic and analytic thinking using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). Results showed that brain regions fundamental to distinguish holistic and analytic thinking include the bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral parietal lobes, bilateral precentral and postcentral gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor areas, bilateral fusiform, bilateral insula, bilateral angular gyrus, left cuneus, and precuneus, left olfactory cortex, cingulate gyrus, right caudate and putamen. Our study maps brain regions that distinguish between holistic and analytic thinking and provides a new approach to explore the neural representation of cultural constructs. We provide initial evidence connecting culture-related brain regions with language function to explain the origins of cultural differences in cognitive styles
Influence of protective clothing and masks on facial trustworthiness in an investment game: insights from a Chinese population study
No full textFacial features are important sources of information about perceived trustworthiness. Masks and protective clothing diminish the visibility of facial cues by either partially concealing the mouth and nose or covering the entire face. During the pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment affected and redefined who trusts whom in society. This study used the classical investment game of interpersonal trust with Chinese participants to explore the impact of occlusion on interpersonal trust. Faces with moderate initial trustworthiness were occluded by a mask or protective clothing in Experiment 1 and were digitally occluded by a square in Experiment 2, and faces with three levels of initial trustworthiness were occluded by a mask in Experiment 3. Results showed that both undergraduates (Experiment 1a) and non-student adults (Experiment 1b) perceived the faces with protective clothing as more trustworthy than faces wearing standard masks and faces not wearing masks. Faces with the top halves showing were perceived as trustworthy as full faces, while faces with the bottom halves showing were perceived as less trustworthy. The effect of masks is weak and complex. Masks reduced participants' trust in faces with high initial trustworthiness, had no effect on faces with low and moderate initial trustworthiness, and only slightly increased the trust of undergraduates in faces with moderate initial trustworthiness. Our findings indicate that the lack of information caused by occlusion and the social significance associated with occlusion collectively affect people's trust behavior in Chinese society. We believe the findings of this study will be useful in elucidating the effects of personal protective equipment usage on perceptions of trustworthiness
Declining Chinese attitudes toward the United States amid COVID-19
No full textIn this paper, we present findings from four separate studies using different data sources and methods to examine Chinese attitudes toward the United States amid the COVID - 19 pandemic. The empirical results consistently indicate a marked and significant decline in Chinese attitudes toward the US between late 2019 and the end of 2022. Using a quasi - experimental design and granular survey data that exploit daily variations in public opinion, we offer additional evidence that the decline in Chinese attitudes toward the United States followed a distinct pattern not true for Chinese attitudes toward other countries. Specifically, the rise in Chinese unfavorability toward the United States closely corresponded to the heightened Chinese attention to the pandemic's progression in the United States. These results collectively suggest a causal effect of COVID - 19, shedding light on how public health crises, international relations, and media jointly shape the increasing enmity between the two great powers
Bridging childhood to adulthood: the impact of early life stress on acute stress responses
No full textBackground Childhood trauma exerts enduring impacts on the physical and psychological well-being of individuals in adulthood, influencing their daily functioning. This study aims to investigate the impact of childhood trauma on stress recovery in adults, concentrating on heart rate variations during acute stress exposure.Methods A cohort of 126 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to elicit acute stress, with continuous heart rate (HR) monitoring for stress recovery assessment.Results The results revealed a negative correlation between childhood trauma and stress recovery, prominently observed in instances of emotional neglect and abuse. Individuals with heightened childhood trauma exhibited protracted stress recovery following acute stress exposure.Conclusion Childhood traumatic experiences were associated with the recovery from acute stress, as indicated by heart rate indices. These findings contribute to the foundational framework for psychological interventions tailored to individuals with a history of childhood trauma
Early-treatment cerebral blood flow change as a predictive biomarker of antidepressant treatment response: evidence from the EMBARC clinical trial
No full textBackground Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and disabling illnesses worldwide. Treatment of MDD typically relies on trial-and-error to find an effective approach. Identifying early response-related biomarkers that predict response to antidepressants would help clinicians to decide, as early as possible, whether a particular treatment might be suitable for a given patient.Methods Data were from the two-stage Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC) trial. A whole-brain, voxel-wise, mixed-effects model was applied to identify early-treatment cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes as biomarkers of treatment response. We examined changes in CBF measured with arterial spin labeling 1-week after initiating double-masked sertraline/placebo. We tested whether these early 1-week scans could be used to predict response observed after 8-weeks of treatment.Results Response to 8-week placebo treatment was associated with increased cerebral perfusion in temporal cortex and reduced cerebral perfusion in postcentral region captured at 1-week of treatment. Additionally, CBF response in these brain regions was significantly correlated with improvement in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score in the placebo group. No significant associations were found for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment.Conclusions We conclude that early CBF responses to placebo administration in multiple brain regions represent candidate neural biomarkers of longer-term antidepressant effects
Reliability and Validity of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale among Chinese Civil Servants
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) among Chinese civil servants, thus establishing a useful tool for assessing the mental health of individuals in this occupation. The WEMWBS, Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were administered to a sample of 2,624 civil servants (42.860 +/- 9.690 years) in a city located within Shandong Province, China. The findings revealed significant differences between groups with high and low scores on each item of the WEMWBS (t = 48.127- 78.308, all p < 0.01). The item-total correlation of WEMWBS ranged from 0.752 to 0.911 (all p < 0.01). Scree plot and parallel analysis results suggested a one-factor solution with factor loadings ranging from 0.762-0.918, accounting for 73.16% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor model of the Chinese version of the WEMWBS (CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.0330). The Chinese version of the WEMWBS was positively correlated with the SWLS (r = 0.710, both p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, stress, and total DASS-21 score (r = -0.512, -0.437, -0.488, -0.497, all p < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Guttman split-half coefficient of the Chinese version of the WEMWBS were 0.970 and 0.953, respectively. In conclusion, the 14-item Chinese version of the WEMWBS demonstrated strong reliability and validity, establishing its utility as a precise tool for measuring and assessing the mental health status of civil servants in China
郭念锋教授与中国心理咨询事业的发展
No full text<正>中国文化的心理健康观及其变迁有人曾言，中国文化似乎展现出一种早熟的特质，古代先贤们的智慧之光多聚焦于世俗人伦与社会秩序的构建，而较少深入探索独立个体存在本质的奥秘。因此，在浩瀚的古典典籍中，个体的身心和谐之道往往被巧妙地融入阴阳平衡、五行生克的中医智慧之中，个人的精神世界与肉体仿佛遵循着“天人合一”的哲学，交织共生，难解难分。直至百余年前，西方文化的坚船利炮打破了古老中国的宁静，其思想洪流也随之涌入。</p
Dynamic Changes of the Infralimbic Cortex and Its Regulation of the Prelimbic Cortex in Rats with Chronic Inflammatory Pain
No full textThe prelimbic cortex (PL) is actively engaged in pain modulation. The infralimbic cortex (IL) has been reported to regulate the PL. However, how this regulation affects pain remains unclear. In the present study, we recorded temporary hyper-activity of PL pyramidal neurons responding to nociceptive stimuli, but a temporary hypo-function of the IL by in vivo electrophysiological recording in rats with peripheral inflammation. Manipulation of the PL or IL had opposite effects on thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, the functional connectivity and chemogenetic regulation between the subregions indicated an inhibitory influence of the IL on the PL. Activation of the pathway from the IL to the PL alleviated thermal hyperalgesia, whereas its inhibition exacerbated chronic pain. Overall, our results suggest a new mechanism underlying the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in chronic pain: hypo-function of the IL leads to hyperactivity of the PL, which regulates thermal hyperalgesia, and thus contributes to the chronicity of pain
Machine learning-based radiomics to distinguish pulmonary nodules between lung adenocarcinoma and tuberculosis
No full textBackground: Radiomics is increasingly utilized to distinguish pulmonary nodules between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and tuberculosis (TB). However, it remains unclear whether different segmentation criteria, such as the inclusion or exclusion of the cavity region within nodules, affect the results.Methods: A total of 525 patients from two medical centers were retrospectively enrolled. The radiomics features were extracted according to two regions of interest (ROI) segmentation criteria. Multiple logistic regression models were trained to predict the pathology: (1) The clinical model relied on clinical-radiological semantic features; (2) The radiomics models (radiomics+ and radiomics-) utilized radiomics features from different ROIs (including or excluding cavities); (3) the composite models (composite+ and composite-) incorporated both above.Results: In the testing set, the radiomics+/- models and the composite+/- models still possessed efficient prediction performance (AUC >= 0.94), while the AUC of the clinical model was 0.881. In the validation set, the AUC of the clinical model was only 0.717, while that of the radiomics+/- models and the composite+/- models ranged from 0.801 to 0.825. The prediction performance of all the radiomics+/- and composite+/- models were significantly superior to that of the clinical model (p 0.05).Conclusions: The present study established a machine learning-based radiomics strategy for differentiating LUAD from TB lesions. The ROI segmentation including or excluding the cavity region may exert no significant effect on the predictive ability
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