Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of suicide attempts in young first-episode drug-na?ve major depressive disorder patients with thyroid dysfunction
No full textThyroid dysfunction is commonly seen in major depressive disorder (MDD), and is particularly prevalent in female patients. Moreover, gender differences occur in many aspects of MDD, including suicide attempts (SAs). We aimed to explore gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of SAs in young first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve MDD patients with thyroid dysfunction, which have not yet been reported. We recruited 509 patients in this study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. We used HAMD-17, HAMA-14, the positive subscale of PANSS, and CGI-S to assess every participant. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of SAs between male and female subgroup. Gender differences in factors associated with SAs were found with anxiety, body mass index, serum anti-thyroid antibodies (A-TPO), and free triiodothyronine levels in male patients and anxiety, CGI-S score, and A-TPO in female patients. We found no gender differences in the prevalence of SAs; however, there were gender differences in several clinical correlates of SAs, highlighting specific strategies to avoid SAs in male and female MDD patients.</p
Online Social Behaviors: Robust and Stable Features for Detecting Microblog Bots
No full textBot accounts on microblogging platforms significantly impact information reliability and cyberspace security. Accurately identifying these bots is essential for effective community governance and opinion management. This article introduces a category of online social behavior features (OSBF), derived from microblog behaviors such as emotional expression, language organization, and self-description. Through a series of experiments, OSBF has demonstrated the stable and robust performance in characterizing and detecting microblog bots on Twitter and Chinese Weibo. By identifying significant differences in OSBF between bot and human accounts, we established an OSBF-based detection model. This model showed excellent performance across multitask and multiscale challenges in two English Twitter datasets. Additionally, we explored cross-language and cross-dataset applications using two Chinese Weibo datasets, further affirming the model's effectiveness and robustness. The experimental results confirm that our OSBF-based model surpasses existing methods in detecting microblog bots
Association between autistic features and empathy in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia
No full textObjectivesIt is common for patients with schizophrenia to exhibit symptoms of autism. Both autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia share similar patterns of empathy deficits. This study purposed to explore the association between autistic features and empathy in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.MethodsWe enrolled 857 patients with chronic schizophrenia. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological 7 Status (RBANS), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were employed to assess the participants' clinical symptoms, neurocognition, and empathy, respectively. The severity of autistic symptoms was assessed with the PANSS Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS), with PAUSS scores >= 30 were considered to have significant autistic features.Results114 schizophrenia patients (13.3%) had autistic features. Compared to schizophrenia patients without autistic features, those with autistic features had more severe clinical symptoms, and poorer neurocognition and empathic abilities. Female sex and empathic concerns were independently associated with autistic features in patients with chronic schizophrenia.ConclusionsOur results suggest that autistic features tend to manifest quite commonly among patients with chronic schizophrenia. Empathy deficits are strongly associated with autistic features in patients with chronic schizophrenia, strengthening the view that autistic features may characterize a subgroup of schizophrenia patients
Editorial: AI as intelligent technology and agent to understand and be understood by human minds
No full textU-shaped relationship between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and suicide attempts in Chinese patients with untreated first-episode major depressive disorder
No full textObjectiveAn alternative metric for evaluating insulin resistance (IR) is the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI). However, it is yet unclear how TyG-BMI and suicide attempts (SA) are related. The objective of this research was to explore the correlation between the TyG-BMI index and SA in individuals with untreated first-episode (UFE) major depressive disorder (MDD) in Shanxi Province.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 to December 2018 in the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Taiyuan General Hospital and included 1718 patients with UFE MDD, with a mean age of 34.9 +/- 12.4 years. The relationship between TyG-BMI and SA was assessed using logistic regression modeling. We investigated threshold effects using a two-piecewise linear regression model.ResultsTaking into consideration the potential influence of confounding variables, a comprehensive multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, which demonstrated the absence of a statistically significant association between the TyG-BMI index and the occurrence of SA, as evidenced by P-values that were all greater than 0.05. On the other hand, the visual analysis of the smoothed plots revealed a U-shaped relationship between the TyG-BMI index and the incidence of SA, with a notable inflection occurring at a TyG-BMI value of around 210. It was observed that the effect sizes flanking the inflection point, accompanied by their 95% confidence intervals, were 0.985 (95% CI: 0.972 to 0.999, P = 0.031) and 1.012 (95% CI: 1.003 to 1.047, P = 0.005), respectively.ConclusionsIn UFE MDD patients, a U-shaped link was observed between TyG-BMI and SA, with the minimal SA incidence noted at a TyG-BMI level of 210, signifying that an augmented risk for SA might be connected to both diminished and augmented TyG-BMI levels
Event-, time- and activity-based prospective memory in children with higher autistic traits
No full textBackground: School-age children rely on prospective memory (PM) to complete various tasks in the future. Previous research suggests children with autism spectrum disorders exhibit PM impairment, but whether PM impairment extends to children with higher autistic traits remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to compare PM performance in children with higher and lower autistic traits and to examine potentially differential associations to executive functions. Method: Forty pairs of children with higher and lower autistic traits between age 6- to 12-years old completed event-, time-, and activity-based PM tasks, and two executive function tasks (i. e., inhibition and working memory). We also collected parents-rated PM abilities using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire for Children. Results: The two groups showed similar performance in both executive function tasks, the 3 PM tasks and parents-reported PM in daily life. In children with lower autistic traits, performance of the time-based PM task was correlated with working memory whereas it was correlated with inhibition function in children with higher autistic traits. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits exhibited a continuous reduction of time monitoring behavior across trials, leading to worse performance in the last PM trial compared with children with lower autistic traits. Conclusion: Children with higher autistic traits showed intact executive functioning and similar PM performance as children with lower autistic traits, but they relied on different types of executive functions to complete time-based PM tasks. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits showed reduced time monitoring behavior and unstable PM performance across time
Lifestyle factors associated with episodic memory in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from a 9-year longitudinal study
No full textBackgroundEpisodic memory naturally deteriorates with age, and its deficits are widely recognized as the most significant feature and the most sensitive indicator of cognitive decline. It has been suggested that adopting a healthy lifestyle can play a protective role in preserving episodic memory. This study aimed to systematically examine the relationship between lifestyle factors (social activities, leisure activities, physical activities, internet use, smoking, alcohol drinking, and sleep quality) and episodic memory in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsThe current study included 10,392 participants from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. A linear mixed model was used to explore the associations between lifestyle factors and episodic memory performance and the age- and sex-specific effects of the association.ResultsLow-frequency alcohol drinking, higher engagement in social, leisure, and physical activities, increased internet use, and improved sleep quality were associated with better episodic memory performance in middle-aged and older adults. Stratified analyses demonstrated that internet use significantly correlated with episodic memory performance in middle-aged adults but not in older adults. On the other hand, sleep quality showed a significant association with episodic memory performance in women but not in men.ConclusionsThis study highlights the association between various lifestyle factors and episodic memory performance, with variations observed based on age and sex. Adopting healthy lifestyle factors can have positive effects on episodic memory in middle-aged adults, emphasizing the importance of adhering to healthy lifestyles from middle age onwards to counteract episodic memory decline
Detecting biological motion signals in human and monkey superior colliculus: a subcortical-cortical pathway for biological motion perception
No full textMost vertebrates, including humans, are highly adept at detecting and encoding biological motion, even when it is portrayed by just a few point lights attached to the head and major joints. However, the function of subcortical regions in biological motion perception has been scarcely explored. Here, we investigate the role of the superior colliculus in local biological motion processing. Using high-field (3 T) and ultra-high-field (7 T) functional magnetic resonance imaging, we record the neural responses of the superior colliculus to scrambled point-light walkers (with local kinematics retained) in both humans and male macaque monkeys. Results show that the superior colliculus, especially the superficial layers, selectively responds to local biological motion. Furthermore, dynamic causal modeling analysis reveals a subcortical-cortical functional pathway that transmits local biological motion signals from the superior colliculus via the middle temporal visual complex to the posterior superior temporal sulcus in the human brain. These findings suggest the existence of a cross-species mechanism in the superior colliculus that facilitates the detection of local biological motion at the early stage of the visual processing stream.
Using high field functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors record the neural responses of the superior colliculus in both humans and macaque monkeys, and demonstrate that superior colliculus responds to local biological motion cues
Cultivating kindness across cultures: The development and enhancement of prosocial behaviour
No full textImpact of Music Training on Phonological Awareness in Children with Chinese Reading Difficulties
No full text2014 年起，“全民阅读”工程连续 10 次纳入国务院政府工作报告，成为政 府工作的重点。阅读是学龄阶段儿童和青少年获取知识最主要的手段。但统计数 据显示，不少儿童存在诸多阅读困难，甚至患有发展性阅读障碍(developmental dyslexia, DD) 。发展性阅读障碍是一种认知神经发育性障碍，存在多种认知加工 缺陷。本研究将考察汉语学龄儿童音乐能力与语音意识水平的关系，并根据 2023年国内发布的最新专家意见，在厦门市某小学一、三年级全面筛查汉语发展性阅 读障碍和阅读困难儿童，探索音乐训练对阅读困难儿童语音意识的影响。
本研究共包括一个横向调查研究和两个纵向追踪对照组实验研究。研究一基于最新专家诊断意见，以厦门市某小学一、三年级870名儿童为对象，系统调查了儿童的音乐能力、语音意识、语素意识、正字法意识等认知能力，筛查发现发展性阅读障碍儿童共36人，同时探究汉语学龄儿童音乐能力与语音意识水平的关系。研究二采用2项纵向追踪对照组实验设计，将116名7-8岁和9-10岁阅读困难儿童和正常儿童分到阅读困难音乐组 (28人) 、阅读困难阅读组 (25人) 、正常对照音乐组 (30人) 和正常对照阅读组 (33人) ，分别开展6个月的音乐训练、阅读训练，在实验前期、中期、后期开展相应的前中后测，考察音乐训练对阅读困难儿童语音意识的影响。
研究一发现：7-8岁和9-10岁儿童的节奏感知能力能够预测汉语语音意识（包括汉语语音意识总分、汉语大小单元语音意识成绩和汉语声调意识成绩）和英语语音意识（包括英语语音意识总分和英语大小单元语音意识成绩）；9-10岁儿童的音高感知能力能够预测汉语语音意识（包括汉语语音意识总分和汉语大小单元语音意识成绩）和英语语音意识（包括英语语音意识总分和英语小单元语音意识成绩）。此外，7-8岁和9-10岁儿童发展性阅读障碍的发生率分别为3.04%和5.37%，结果与以往研究一致。
研究二发现：第一，音乐训练可以增强阅读困难和正常儿童的母语语音意识， 其中，音乐训练增强了7-8岁儿童的汉语语音意识（包括汉语语音意识总分、汉 语大小单元语音意识成绩和声调意识成绩）以及9-10岁儿童的汉语语音意识总分，并且阅读困难组儿童的提升效果优于正常组儿童；第二，仅有音乐训练可以增强阅读困难和正常儿童的第二语言语音意识，其中，音乐训练增强了7-8岁和9-10岁儿童的英语语音意识总分和英语小单元语音意识；第三，虽然阅读训练也可以提升阅读困难和正常儿童的语音意识能力，但是音乐训练的提升效果明显高于阅读训练。
综合以上研究结果，本研究表明，7-8岁和9-10岁儿童的音乐感知能力与其汉语和英语语音意识存在密切相关，为音乐能力与儿童语音能力的相关性提供了直接证据，同时，经过累计40小时的音乐训练可以增强7-8岁和9-10岁儿童的母语语音意识和第二语言语音意识，进一步为音乐训练能够促进阅读困难儿童和正常儿童语音意识水平提供了实验证据。此外，对比阅读组儿童的训练效果，音乐 组提升的效果显著大于阅读组的效果。
本研究的发现不但为音乐训练能够提升阅读困难儿童和正常儿童语音意识水平提供了直接证据，而且揭示了短期音乐训练对阅读困难儿童和正常儿童语音意识的促进作用，这为完善阅读困难儿童的教学策略提供了理论指导，在儿童教育领域具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。</p
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