Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The role of psychological resilience in driving anger expression: The mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation
No full textEmotions that occur while driving, especially anger, can significantly impact driving-related safety. Due to the potential risks of aggressive driving behaviour, which include hazardous driving and traffic accidents, it is important to explore strategies to effectively manage anger, thereby enhancing driving-related safety. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among psychological resilience, cognitive emotional regulation, driving anger, and the expression of driving anger. A total of 350 drivers (aged 21–50 years) completed online questionnaires, including the Connor–Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), and the Driver Anger Expression Inventory (DAX). The results indicated that a higher level of psychological resilience is associated with a greater tendency to employ positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a greater tendency to exhibit more adaptive expressions of driving anger. In contrast, a lower level of psychological resilience is associated with negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, resulting in elevated levels of driving anger and a higher frequency of nonadaptive expressions. Additionally, cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and driving anger. These findings suggest that drivers with high levels of psychological resilience and those who engage in effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies are more likely to remain calm in irritating driving situations, thereby enhancing overall driving-related safety.</p
LRHP: Learning Representations for Human Preferences via Preference Pairs
No full textTo improve human-preference alignment training, current research has developed numerous preference datasets consisting of preference pairs labeled as "preferred" or "dispreferred". These preference pairs are typically used to encode human preferences into a single numerical value through reward modeling, which acts as a reward signal during reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, representing these human preferences as a numerical value complicates the analysis of these preferences and restricts their broader applications other than RLHF. In contrast, in this work, we introduce a preference representation learning task that aims to construct a richer and more structured representation of human preferences. We further develop a more generalizable framework, Learning Representations for Human Preferences via preference pairs (namely LRHP), which extends beyond traditional reward modeling to tackle this task. We verify the utility of preference representations in two downstream tasks: preference data selection and preference margin prediction. Building upon the human preferences in representations, we achieve strong performance in both tasks, significantly outperforming baselines.</p
后疫情时代高中生焦虑的现状、影响与应对
No full text为探讨后疫情时代高中生焦虑现状，采用青少年生活事件量表、焦虑自评量表和核心自我评价量表对377名高中生进行调查。结果如下：(1)高中生焦虑总体检出率为43%，得分显著高于常模；(2)焦虑与青少年生活事件及青少年生活事件各因子呈显著正相关，与核心自我评价呈显著负相关；(3)女生焦虑得分显著高于男生，农村学生焦虑得分显著高于城镇学生，不同焦虑程度在核心自我评价、生活事件总分及各因子得分均存在显著差异；(4)核心自我评价在青少年生活事件和焦虑之间起部分中介作用。高中生可从降低学习压力、提升适应力、增强人际交往、组织核心自我评价能力活动和掌握积极主动的调节方法等方面来应对焦虑
Revision of the 5 C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination Scale and its validity and reliability
No full text目的:对疫苗接种心理前因5C量表(5C Scale)进行修订,并检验其效度和信度。方法:采用中英文回译法和专家评定并结合访谈结果,形成改编版量表的中文版,对1 035名居民进行问卷调查,将其随机分成两组分别进行探索性和验证性因子分析;对其中230人进行间隔2周的重测。用中国大五人格问卷简式版(CBF-PI-B)的神经质分量表检验效标关联效度。结果:5C Scale修订后加入新的困惑维度,形成18个条目的疫苗接种心理前因6C量表(6C Scale),包含信任、自满、限制、计算、集体责任、困惑6个因子,累计方差解释率为67.92%;6因子结构模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=1.72,RMSEA=0.04,CFI=0.97,TLI=0.96,NFI=0.92,IFI=0.97);困惑维度总分与CBF-PI-B神经质分量表总分呈正相关(ICC=0.54,P<0.001)。6个维度的Cronbachα系数为0.68～0.77,重测信度(ICC)为0.51～0.82。结论:本研究修订形成的疫苗接种心理前因6C量表(6C Scale)评估居民的疫苗接种心理前因具有良好的效度和信度。</p
Technical hollowing out of knowledge workers in the manufacturing industry in artificial intelligence context: The definition, formation and influence mechanism
No full text智能化浪潮为我国由制造大国迈向制造强国以及制造业智能转型注入新的源动力,但与此同时制造业知识型员工也面临着劳动过程被人工智能重塑的挑战。本文在人工智能背景下创新性地提出技术空心化这一动态性概念来反映人工智能技术的发展和应用对制造业知识型员工劳动过程的影响。本文有三个研究目的:第一,基于意义构建理论时间动态视角探讨技术空心化的内涵、维度结构以及其测量量表;第二,以“认知-行为”互动链为基础构建技术空心化的“执行技能空心化”和“概念技能空心化”两阶段过程模型,并进一步探讨企业和员工层情境因素在其中的催化作用;第三,基于能力构建视角探讨技术空心化对知识型员工双元创新行为和可持续职业生涯发展的影响。研究结论不仅能丰富人工智能背景下技术空心化的理论研究,还能在中国制造业智能转型之际为和谐稳定的劳动关系的建立、实现企业与员工的长期发展及共同繁荣提供实践启示。</p
Exploration of brain-spinal cord-gut axis abnormalities and the mechanism of acupuncture therapy in irritable bowel syndrome based on magnetic resonance imaging
No full text肠易激综合征是由脑-肠交互紊乱引发的功能性胃肠疾病,以腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯改变为主要症状,影响全球5%～10%的人口.当前治疗主要集中于缓解患者腹痛和改善其排便习惯,但药物疗效有限且可能引发不良反应.针刺作为补充与替代疗法,在治疗肠易激综合征方面展现出潜力.尽管临床试验证实了针刺的治疗效果,但由于其生物学机制仍不明确,因此在全球医学界存在争议.脊髓在脑-肠交互中扮演着重要角色,磁共振成像技术的发展为深入探索基于脑-脊-肠轴的肠易激综合征发病机制和针刺起效机制提供了新的视角.本文综述了基于磁共振的肠易激综合征脑-脊-肠轴互动异常以及针刺治疗的相关研究.尽管目前在该病的发病机制和针刺治疗方面有所突破,但仍存在诸多不足.现有针对脊髓的影像研究仍显匮乏,这限制了我们对该病发病机制和针刺治疗机制的全面理解.未来应加强对脊髓影像的研究,深入剖析脑-脊-肠轴通路的作用机制,以期为揭示该病的发病机理及针刺治疗的起效机制提供科学依据.此外,现有的针刺对肠易激综合征影响的研究多偏重于现象描述与数据对比,缺乏与神经科学疼痛理论的结合.未来应注重与疼痛理论相融合,深入探讨针刺对疼痛传导与处理关键通路的影响,以期阐明针刺镇痛的复杂机制,进一步推动针刺治疗的应用.</p
The development of the correlation between visual-motor integration and reading
No full text视觉运动整合(Visual-motor Integration, VMI)是指个体视知觉与精细运动的整合与协调。大量研究证据表明, VMI能力与阅读密切相关,但相关程度受到年龄的调节。在不同书写系统中, VMI能力与阅读的相关性随年龄增长呈现不同发展趋势：在字母文字中,相关程度随年龄增长而下降,但直到中学时期仍然显著;在汉语中,相关程度随年龄增长而提高,在小学高年龄阶段(9岁及以上)才表现出显著相关。鉴于已有研究尚有不足,未来研究还需：1)多角度衡量VMI能力,包括面向过程和基于结果的评估;2)确定VMI能力是否是支持阅读发展的必要基础; 3)阐明这种相关性及其发展背后的认知和神经机制。</p
Orthography-phonology integration of Chinese children with developmental dyslexia: The mutual influence of orthography and phonology
No full text目的是探查汉语发展性阅读障碍者在形音整合过程中,字形和字音的相互影响是否存在异常。实验1以30名汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童,29名同年龄对照组儿童为被试,使用视听跨通道的字形判断任务,结果发现一致语音对字形加工表现出显著的促进作用,语音对字形加工的影响不存在显著的组间差异。实验2以32名汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童, 32名同年龄对照组儿童为被试,使用视听跨通道的语音判断任务,结果发现一致字形对语音加工表现出显著的促进作用,不一致字形对语音加工表现出显著的抑制作用。同年龄对照组字形对语音加工的影响显著大于发展性阅读障碍组。以上的结果说明,汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童在形-音整合中字形对语音加工的影响上存在异常,但语音对字形加工的影响不存在异常。</p
Research progress on heart rate variability in improving emotional disorders through relaxation training
No full text自主神经系统的变化是将抑郁、焦虑等情绪障碍与许多身体功能障碍联系起来的核心枢纽，心率变异性是反映自主神经系统活动及平衡的重要指标。本文总结了药物和物理治疗对情绪障碍干预的心率变异性研究，发现具有一定副作用；同时全面地总结了近年通过心率变异性监测已被临床证明有效的全球各类放松训练，发现因较少副作用而受到患者的广泛青睐。未来研究可根据患者的情绪障碍类别、性别、年龄、严重程度和疾病阶段等提供更具个性化和精准度的放松训练，并探索了放松训练与自主神经功能的关系。</p
资质过剩感对组织建言行为的双刃剑效应分析
No full text目的 基于情绪-认知加工系统并结合其他理论，探讨资质过剩感对建言行为的双刃剑效应与边界条件，特别是角色宽度自我效能感与情绪耗竭的中介机制以及上级发展性反馈的调节机制。方法 收集325名在职员工的问卷调查数据，运用SPSS和Amos软件进行实证分析检验假设。结果 在积极认知路径，角色宽度自我效能感在资质过剩感与建言行为之间的直接中介作用不显著，但上级发展性反馈的调节作用显著，即上级发展性反馈越缺乏，资质过剩感对角色宽度自我效能感的正向影响越强；在消极情感路径，情绪耗竭在资质过剩感与建言行为之间起中介作用，但上级发展性反馈的调节作用不显著。结论 资质过剩感对建言行为存在双刃剑效应，且积极效应因上级发展性反馈的水平而有所差异。</p
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