Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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More Children,More Blessings?The Impact of the Number of Children on Depression in the Chinese Elderly
No full text基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据，采用IV-Probit模型定量分析子女数量与老年人抑郁情绪之间的因果关系，以及子女情感支持对两者关系的中介作用。基准Probit回归结果表明，子女数量显著正向预测老年人的抑郁情绪；运用工具变量处理内生性问题后，这一影响不存在。机制分析结果表明，子女情感支持可完全中介子女数量与老年人抑郁情绪之间的关系。研究结果显示，中国老年人抑郁情绪受子女关系质量(情感支持)而非子女数量的影响，子女数量增多可能导致责任分散效应；在人口老龄化和少子化的时代背景下，应发扬我国传统的孝道文化，鼓励子女常回家看看，给予老年人更多的陪伴和情感支持。</p
Financial incentives overcome ego-depletion effect in the waste separation task
No full textAlthough researchers have tried to explain why individuals are unwilling to sort waste, few studies focus on whether and how ego-depletion can inhibit an individual from separating waste. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of financial incentives in mitigating the impact of ego-depletion, a phenomenon triggered by demanding tasks that subsequently impair task performance. Experiment 1 revealed that when participants were involved in a task that expended substantial effort and energy in an initial task, they were more likely to discontinue a subsequent waste sorting task. Experiment 2, however, demonstrated a significant shift when financial incentives were introduced. Even in states of high depletion, the promise of financial rewards substantially increased participants' perseverance in waste sorting. These findings not only reveal the influence of ego-depletion as a barrier to effective waste sorting but also highlight the practical potential for policymakers and environmental practitioners to motivate individuals through appropriate incentives. By addressing psychological factors (i.e., ego-depletion) and integrating incentives, this research contributes to more sustainable waste management practices.</p
Gender differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of anxiety in first-episode and drug-na?ve patients with major depressive disorder comorbid with metabolic syndrome
No full textBackgroundAlthough gender differences in major depressive disorder (MDD) have been widely reported, there has not been much focus on gender differences in comorbidity. In patients with MDD and comorbid metabolic syndrome (Mets), the goal of this study was to investigate potential gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of concomitant anxiety.MethodsSeven hundred and ninety-four first-episode and drug-naive patients (FEDN) patients with MDD and comorbid Mets were recruited. For each patient, sociodemographic data, thyroid function indicators, and Mets parameters were acquired. Each participant completed the 14-item Hamilton Assessment Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) and the 17-item Hamilton Assessment Scale for Depression (HAMD).ResultsThere were no gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety in patients with MDD and comorbid Mets. Female patients with MDD had a shorter duration of illness. Correlation analysis showed that HAMD score, TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb were associated with anxiety prevalence in female patients, whereas anxiety onset in male patients was only associated with TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb levels. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TSH and TgAb predicted anxiety in male patients, whereas HAMD score and age of onset significantly predicted anxiety in female patients.LimitationsCross-sectional design and no control for anxiety-related factors.ConclusionsOur study showed no gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety in patients with MDD and comorbid Mets. HAMD score was associated with anxiety in female patients, whereas TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb were associated with anxiety in male patients.</p
Soreness Reminds Me of Grief: Patients With Chronic Pain Show Less Differentiated Representations of Emotional Feelings and Bodily States
No full textPeople experience similarities between emotional feelings and bodily states on a daily basis, but both the magnitude and pervasiveness of this experiential similarity vary across individuals. Inspired by previous findings that chronic pain (CP) is characterized by strengthened painaffect coupling and reduced interoceptive accuracy, we conducted 2 cross-sectional studies to examine whether patients with CP would exhibit less differentiated perception and mental representation of emotional feelings and bodily states. In study 1 (N = 500), patients with CP and healthy controls (HCs) completed a self-report questionnaire that asked explicitly about the perceived similarity between 5 basic emotion categories and a series of bodily states. In study 2 (N = 73), a specially designed false memory test was administered to examine whether patients with CP would have reduced differentiation of concepts of negative emotion and somatic distress. We found that patients with CP perceived greater and more pervasive similarities between emotional feelings and bodily states, as indicated by higher questionnaire scores and denser, less specialized bipartite emotion-body networks, both associated with lower subjective interoceptive accuracy. Furthermore, patients with CP formed false memories of negative emotion words (eg, grief) more readily than HCs after memorizing somatic distress words (eg, soreness), as if they represented negative emotion and somatic distress as a single, enmeshed semantic category. Our findings extend previous literature by demonstrating reduced discrimination between emotional and bodily experiences in CP that is not restricted to pain-related emotional and sensory experiences and may be related to a fundamentally less differentiated interoception. Perspectives: This study shows that patients with chronic pain have a profoundly less differentiated perception and implicit conceptualization of emotional feelings and bodily states, which appears to be associated with altered interoception. These findings may provide new perspectives on why they often experience a stronger pain-affect coupling. (R) 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc</p
Appearance-related Social Pressure and Body Image: The Chain Mediating Role of Dual Self-Consciousness and Perceived Stress
No full text目的：探讨双自我意识、压力感知在外表社会压力和身体意象之间的中介作用。方法：采用外表社会压力、自我意识、压力感知、身体意象等4个量表对579名18～35岁年轻女性开展问卷调查。结果：身体意象水平与外表社会压力、压力感知和BMI显著负相关，与私我意识显著正相关；外表社会压力显著负向预测身体意象水平；压力感知在外表社会压力和身体意象关系中的中介作用显著；公我意识→压力感知在外表社会压力和身体意象关系中的链式中介作用显著。结论：外表社会压力能直接负向预测身体意象水平，也能通过压力感知的中介作用和公我意识→压力感知的链式中介作用负向预测身体意象水平。</p
A survey of the psychological characteristics, sleep quality, and correlation with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus
No full text目的 探讨慢性主观性耳鸣（chronic subjective tinnitus，CST）患者的心理特征及睡眠质量，并分析其与临床效果的相关性。方法 选入CST患者80例，采用抑郁自评量表（self-rating depression scale， SDS）、焦虑自评量表（self—rating anxiety scale， SAS）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index， PSQI)评价患者的心理特征及睡眠质量，同时给予常规药物治疗，分析临床效果与心理特征及睡眠质量的相关性。结果 随着听力下降程度加重，患者治疗前THI-C（F=28.255，P<0.001）、SDS（F=316.139，P<0.001）、SAS（F=204.933，P<0.001）、PSQI量表评分（F=220.602，P<0.001）均显著增加。正常听力与轻度聋（P=0.186），重度聋与极重度聋（P=0.09）患者中文版耳鸣残疾量表（tinnitus handicap inventory vhinese version，THI-C）评分比较无统计学意义，其他各听力程度组间均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。高频耳鸣患者治疗前THI-C、SDS、SAS、PSQI量表评分显著高于低频和中频患者，中频患者则显著高于低频患者（F=48.950，P<0.001；F=225.048，P<0.001；F=230.489，P<0.001；F=332.730，P<0.001）。重度耳鸣患者治疗前SDS、SAS和PSQI量表评分显著高于轻度和中度患者，中度患者则显著高于轻度患者（P均<0.001）。治疗前THI-C评分与SDS、SAS和PSQI量表评分均有显著正相关性（r=0.649、0.681和0.657，P均<0.001）。80例患者治疗总有效率为63.75%，其中治愈21例、显效30例。患者治疗后THI-C（t=7.605，P<0.001）、SDS （t=25.344，P<0.001）、SAS（t=26.801，P<0.001）和PSQI量表评分（t=38.171，P<0.001）均显著低于治疗前，差异有统计学意义。治愈患者SDS（F=374.158，P<0.001）、SAS（F=577.547，P<0.001）和PSQI量表评分（F=570.382，P<0.001）显著低于显效和无效患者，显效患者则显著低于无效患者。结论 CST患者存在普遍的抑郁、焦虑等负性情绪，睡眠质量较差，且其负性情绪和睡眠质量与耳鸣、听力程度有密切相关性，可对治疗效果造成不良影响。</p
Effects of Interoception on Sport Performance：Mechanisms and Potential Pathways
No full text内感受是个体感知和体验身体内部状态的重要组成部分，个体通过内感受感知和解读身体内部的信号，调节和控制运动行为。本研究对内感受的发生机制及其在运动过程中的具体表现进行了系统性综述。结果显示，内感受的产生主要涉及椎板I的外侧脊髓—丘脑—皮质通路传递以及前、后岛叶的加工，其对个体运动表现的影响主要包括4个路径，即运动感知、运动决策、运动预测和运动自我调节。当前内感受影响运动表现的神经机制仍需深入探讨，且实证研究尚存不足，内感受的测量方法也存在争议。未来可结合神经影像技术，更深入地探讨内感受影响运动表现的神经机制，同时整合其他运动控制机制，更全面地理解内感受在运动行为控制中的作用，进一步探索内感受对有氧/无氧、团队/个人运动表现产生的不同影响，阐明内感受各维度与运动表现的关联。</p
Effects of technoference on parent-child shared-book reading: the moderating role of toddlers’ gender
No full text目的 探讨技术干扰对亲子阅读质量的影响，以及幼儿性别在其中的调节作用。方法 针对12～36月龄幼儿的母亲进行线上匿名问卷调查，包括人口学特征调查问卷、技术干扰量表和家庭环境认知刺激问卷，共获得有效问卷307份。对技术干扰水平、亲子阅读质量及人口学特征信息等数据进行统计学分析。结果 相关分析表明，技术干扰水平与亲子阅读质量呈显著负相关。幼儿性别在技术干扰与亲子阅读的关系中起调节作用：对男孩而言，技术干扰显著负向预测亲子阅读质量；此现象在女孩中未显现。结论 技术干扰对亲子阅读质量的消极影响受到幼儿性别的调节，男孩更易受影响。</p
Maternal Locus of Control and Parenting Stress for the Second-born Child: The Mediating Role of Parent-Child Relationship with the Second-born Child and Parenting Stress of the First Child
No full text目的：探讨二孩家庭中母亲次子养育压力的影响因素，验证母亲子女教育心理控制源与次子养育压力的关系，以及次子亲子关系和长子养育压力在其中的中介作用。方法：对499名二孩母亲进行问卷调查，由母亲完成子女教育心理控制源量表、养育压力量表及次子亲子关系量表。结果：(1)母亲子女教育心理控制源可以正向预测长子及次子养育压力，母亲越外控其养育压力越大；(2)次子亲子关系在母亲子女教育心理控制源和次子养育压力之间起中介作用；(3)长子养育压力在母亲子女教育心理控制源和次子养育压力之间起并行中介作用。结论：二孩母亲的子女教育心理控制源可以通过次子亲子关系及长子养育压力间接影响次子养育压力。</p
<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> for Tardive Dyskinesia and Plasma <i>MnSOD</i> Activity: Association with <i>MnSOD</i> Ala-9Val Variant: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial
No full textBackground Excessive free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) scavenges free radicals, thereby enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). This study examined whether EGb761 treatment would improve TD symptoms and increase MnSOD activity, particularly in TD patients with specific MnSOD Val-9Ala genotype. Methods An EGb761 (240 mg/day) 12-week double-blind clinical trial with 157 TD patients was randomized. The severity of TD was measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and plasma MnSOD activity was assayed before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, in an expanded sample, we compared MnSOD activity in 159 TD, 227 non-TD and 280 healthy controls, as well as the allele frequencies and genotypes for the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in 352 TD, 486 non-TD and 1150 healthy controls. Results EGb761 significantly reduced TD symptoms and increased MnSOD activity in TD patients compared to placebo (both p < 0.01). Moreover, we found an interaction between genotype and treatment response (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the EGb761 group, patients carrying the Ala allele displayed a significantly lower AIMS total score than patients with the Val/Val genotype. In addition, MnSOD activity was significantly lower at baseline in TD patients compared with healthy controls or non-TD patients. Conclusion EGb761 treatment enhanced low MnSOD activity in TD patients and produced greater improvement in TD symptoms in patients with the Ala allele of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism. Clinical Trial Registration No NCT00672373.</p
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