Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Establishing the relationship between subjective perception and neural responses: Insights from correlation analysis and representational similarity analysis
No full textExploring the relationship between sensory perception and brain responses holds important theoretical and clinical implications. However, commonly used methodologies like correlation analysis performed either intraor inter- individually often yield inconsistent results across studies, limiting their generalizability. Representational similarity analysis (RSA), a method that assesses the perception-response relationship by calculating the correlation between behavioral and neural patterns, may offer a fresh perspective to reveal novel findings. Here, we delivered a series of graded sensory stimuli of four modalities (i.e., nociceptive somatosensory, nonnociceptive somatosensory, visual, and auditory) to/near the left or right hand of 107 healthy subjects and collected their single -trial perceptual ratings and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. We examined the relationship between sensory perception and brain responses using within- and between-subject correlation analysis and RSA, and assessed their stability across different numbers of subjects and trials. We found that within-subject and between-subject correlations yielded distinct results: within-subject correlation revealed strong and reliable correlations between perceptual ratings and most brain responses, while between-subject correlation showed weak correlations that were vulnerable to the change of subject number. In addition to verifying the correlation results, RSA revealed some novel findings, i.e., correlations between behavioral and neural patterns were observed in some additional neural responses, such as "gamma-ERS" in the visual modality. RSA results were sensitive to the trial number, but not to the subject number, suggesting that consistent results could be obtained for studies with relatively small sample sizes. In conclusion, our study provides a novel perspective on establishing the relationship between behavior and brain activity, emphasizing that RSA holds promise as a method for exploring this pattern relationship in future research.</p
Comparative analyses of the information content of letters, characters, and inter-word spaces across writing systems
No full textOne difference among writing systems is how orthographic cues are used to demarcate words; although most alphabetic scripts use inter-word spaces, some Asian scripts do not explicitly mark word boundaries (e.g., Chinese). It is unclear whether these differences are arbitrary or whether they are designed to maximize reading efficiency. Here, we show that spaces inserted between words in non-demarcated scripts provide less information about word boundaries than spaces in demarcated scripts. Furthermore, despite the fact that less information is contained by inter-word spaces than characters/letters of the same size, the information content of inter-word spaces in demarcated scripts is closer to that of characters/letters compared to the information content of inter-word spaces that are inserted in non-demarcated scripts. These results suggest that the conventions used to demarcate word boundaries are sufficient to support efficient reading. Our findings provide new insights into the universals and variation across writing systems and shed light on the mental processes that support skilled reading. The different methods for marking word boundaries that have been adopted by various writing systems are not arbitrary but are instead co-determined by other orthographic properties of the writing systems and have been adopted to increase reading efficiency. image</p
Psychological Factors Promote the Habituation Effect on Social Workers' Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Repeated COVID-19 Outbreaks
No full textObjective: The present study investigates whether psychological factors influence the habituation or sensitization effect during repeated COVID-19 outbreaks. Method: A total of 838 social workers from districts affected by different waves of COVID-19 outbreaks (two waves, n = 387; one wave, n = 177; zero waves, n = 274) reported their posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, psychological security, emotional regulation, resilience, spiritual health, and social support (December 2021). Results: The rate of PTSD among social workers stands at 34% (cutoff point 38). Social workers developed a habituation response amid the ongoing pandemic, with individuals who encountered a higher number of COVID-19 outbreaks exhibiting fewer symptoms of PTSD (F = 3.04, p < .05, eta(2) = 0.007). Social workers who experienced two outbreaks had significantly lower PTSD symptoms than those who did not experience any (p = .018, 95% CI [0.431, 4.635]). A bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis indicates that psychological security (indirect effect: beta = -0.590, 95% CI [-0.989, -0.192]) and emotional regulation (indirect effect: beta = -0.474, 95% CI [-0.899, -0.069]) completely mediate the association between outbreaks of COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The incidence of PTSD symptoms was high in social workers. Chinese social workers underwent a habituation effect after repeated outbreaks of COVID-19. Improving psychological security and emotional regulation can reduce PTSD symptoms due to the repeated outbreak of COVID-19 among the public.</p
Interaction of childhood trauma with <i>BDNF</i> and <i>FKBP5</i> gene polymorphisms in predicting burnout in general occupational groups
No full textBoth the BDNF gene rs6265 and the FKBP5 gene rs1360780 polymorphisms are independently associated with adult psychotic-like experiences, when exposed to high childhood abuse; however, it remains unclear whether the relationship between childhood abuse and burnout is moderated by these two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Furthermore, there is an interaction between glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity and BDNF signaling. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of these two SNPs with childhood trauma in predicting burnout. We recruited 990 participants (mean age 33.06 years, S.D. = 6.31) from general occupational groups and genotyped them for rs6265 and rs1360780. Burnout, childhood trauma, resilience, and job stress were measured through a series of rating scales. Gene-by-environment and gene-by-gene-by-environment interactions were examined using linear hierarchical regression and PROCESS macro in SPSS. Covariates included demographics and resilience. We found that rs6265 moderated the association between job stress and emotional exhaustion. Both rs6265 and rs1360780 moderated the association between childhood abuse and cynicism. There was significant interaction of childhood abuse x rs6265 x rs1360780 on emotional exhaustion and reduced personal accomplishment, so that rs6265 CC genotype and rs1360780 TT genotype together predicted higher levels of emotional exhaustion under high childhood abuse, while rs6265 TT genotype and rs1360780 CC genotype together exerted a resilient effect on reduced personal accomplishment in the face of childhood abuse. Our findings suggest that the rs6265 CC genotype and rs1360780 TT genotype may jointly contribute to increased risk of burnout under childhood trauma.</p
Differential relationships between autistic traits and anthropomorphic tendencies in adults and early adolescents
No full textAnthropomorphism, the attribution of human-like qualities (e.g., mental states) to nonhuman entities, is a universal but variable psychological experience. Adults with professionally diagnosed autism or high levels of subclinical autistic traits consistently show greater tendencies to anthropomorphize, which has been hypothesized to reflect 1) a compensatory mechanism for lack of social connectedness and 2) a persistence of childhood anthropomorphism into adulthood. Here, we directly tested these hypotheses in a general population sample consisting of both adults (N=685, 17-58 years old) and early adolescents (N=145, 12-14 years old) using the refined 9-item Anthropomorphism Questionnaire (AnthQ9), which measures both present and childhood anthropomorphic tendencies. We found that adults with heightened autistic traits reported increased present anthropomorphism (e.g., tend more to perceive computers as having minds), which held even after controlling for social connectedness. In contrast, adolescents with heightened autistic traits did not show increased present anthropomorphism, but rather reported reduced childhood anthropomorphism (e.g., less likely to perceive toys as having feelings) after controlling for social connectedness. We also found evidence that the present and childhood subscales of the AnthQ9 may tap into fundamentally different aspects of anthropomorphism. The results suggest that increased anthropomorphic tendencies in adults with heightened autistic traits cannot be explained solely by increased sociality motivation, but may be due to delayed development of anthropomorphism, although alternative possibilities of measurement problems cannot be ruled out. Implications for the measurement of anthropomorphism and its relation with theory of mind were also discussed.</p
Non-linear relationship between TSH and psychotic symptoms on first episode and drug na?ve major depressive disorder patients: a large sample sized cross-sectional study in China
No full textIntroduction Psychotic depression (PD) is characterized by the co-occurrence of emotional dysfunction and psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations with poor clinical outcomes. TSH may involve in the development of PD. This study aims to explore relationship between TSH and PD. Methods A total of 1718 outpatients diagnosed as FEDN MDD were recruited in this study. The relationship between PD and TSH was evaluated using multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. To assess the presence of non-linear associations, a two-piecewise linear regression model was employed. Furthermore, interaction and stratified analyses were conducted with respect to sex, education, marital status, comorbid anxiety, and suicide attempt. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that TSH was positively associated with the risk of PD after adjusting for confounders (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.43; p < 0.05). Smoothing plots showed a nonlinear relationship between TSH and PD, with the inflection point of TSH being 4.94 mIU/L. On the right of the inflection point, for each unit increase in serum TSH level on the right side of the inflection point, the probability of PD increased substantially by 47% (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.73, p < 0.001), while no significant association was observed on the left side of the inflection point (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.14, p = 0.32). Conclusion Our investigation showed a nonlinear TSH-PD relationship in FEDN MDD patients, thus contributing to effective intervention strategies for psychotic symptoms in depression patients.</p
Neural substrates of the interaction between effort-expenditure reward decision-making and outcome anticipation
No full textObjective: Reward anticipation is important for future decision-making, possibly due to re-evaluation of prior decisions. However, the exact relationship between reward anticipation and prior effort-expenditure decisionmaking, and its neural substrates are unknown. Method: Thirty-three healthy participants underwent fMRI scanning while performing the Effort-based Pleasure Experience Task (E-pet). Participants were required to make effort-expenditure decisions and anticipate the reward. Results: We found that stronger anticipatory activation at the posterior cingulate cortex was correlated with slower reaction time while making decisions with a high-probability of reward. Moreover, the substantia nigra was significantly activated in the prior decision-making phase, and involved in reward-anticipation in view of its strengthened functional connectivity with the mammillary body and the putamen in trial conditions with a high probability of reward. Conclusions: These findings support the role of reward anticipation in re-evaluating decisions based on the brainbehaviour correlation. Moreover, the study revealed the neural interaction between reward anticipation and decision-making.</p
Decreasing Workplace Unethical Behavior Through Mindfulness: A Study Based on the Dual-System Theory of Ethical Decision-Making
No full textWorkplace unethical behavior poses a significant challenge for organizations, thus highlighting the importance of examining the intervention strategies used to manage such behaviors. In recent years, mindfulness has gained traction as a promising way of curbing workplace unethical behavior, receiving interest from business ethics scholars. Regrettably, prior research on mindfulness and workplace unethical behavior has predominantly focused on the potential benefits of mindfulness with regard to the reasoning process underlying ethical decision-making, overlooking the intuitive process. Drawing on the dual-system theory of ethical decision-making, this study develops a dual-process model to examine the role of mindfulness in reducing unethical behavior. Based on two-wave data collected from 357 employees, our findings demonstrate that mindfulness mitigates both moral disengagement and emotional exhaustion, resulting in a reduction in workplace unethical behavior. Moreover, moral identity serves as a boundary condition for the effects of mindfulness on ethical decision-making. In particular, mindfulness significantly decreases moral disengagement and consequently curtails workplace unethical behavior predominantly among individuals with low moral identity. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings as well as potential avenues for future research are discussed.</p
Identification of the profiles on impulsivity of the incarcerated criminals with drug use and its effect on recidivism prediction
No full text为探讨慢性失眠(CI)患者睡眠反应性、睡前觉醒、压力和抑郁焦虑水平改变及和主客观睡眠质量间的关系，招募88名志愿者，分为CI组(61例)和对照组(27例),采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、多导睡眠图(PSG)评估睡眠质量；采用福特应激睡眠反应量表(FIRST)、睡前觉醒状态量表(PSAS)、压力知觉量表(CPSS)和汉密尔顿抑郁(HAMD)、焦虑量表(HAMA)分别评估睡眠反应性、压力、觉醒和抑郁焦虑水平。结果表明：与对照组比较，CI组HAMD、HAMA、PSAS、FIRST和CPSS分显著增加(P<0.001),CI患者睡眠反应性和觉醒次数、N2期占比呈正相关，睡前觉醒、压力水平与睡眠潜伏期、觉醒次数呈正相关，焦虑分和睡眠潜伏期正相关，焦虑分和抑郁分都与睡眠效率呈负相关(P<0.05),ROC分析提示它们可能是区分CI患者和健康者较好的预测指标。CI组患者睡眠反应性、抑郁焦虑水平增高，且和CI组患者觉醒增加、睡眠效率降低关联。</p
Social Media Use and Positive/Negative Emotions among Middle-aged and Older Adults:Mediating Effects of Upward and Downward Social Comparison
No full text为探索中老年人社交媒体使用与正/负向情绪的关系及作用机制，研究者采用社交媒体使用量表、上行和下行社会比较分量表、正/负向情绪量表对662名45岁以上中老年人进行调查。结果发现：中老年人社交媒体使用正向预测了正向情绪和负向情绪，且上行社会比较、下行社会比较中介了上述关系。具体为，中老年人社交媒体使用通过增加上行社会比较提升了正向情绪；通过增加下行社会比较提升了负向情绪。研究表明，中老年人社交媒体使用对个体情绪健康具有双刃剑作用，并支持了社会比较的同化效应。</p
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