Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Complex posttraumatic stress disorder and dissociation in trauma-exposed Chinese adolescents: a latent class analysis
No full textBackground: Preliminary evidence provides support for the proposition that there is a dissociative subtype of Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Research on this proposition would extend our knowledge on the association between CPTSD and dissociation, guide contemporary thinking regarding placement of dissociation in the nosology of CPTSD, and inform clinically useful assessment and intervention.Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the co-occurring patterns of CPTSD and dissociative symptoms in a large sample of trauma exposed adolescents from China, and specify clinical features covariates of such patterns including childhood trauma, comorbidities with major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and functional impairment.Methods: Participants included 57,984 high school students exposed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CPTSD and dissociative symptoms, childhood traumatic experience, and functional impairment were measured with the Global Psychotrauma Screen for Teenagers (GPS-T). Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to test the co-occurring patterns of CPTSD and dissociative symptoms. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and chi-square tests were respectively used to examine between-class differences in continuous and categorical clinical covariates.Results: A 5-class model emerged as the best-fitting model, including resilience, predominantly PTSD symptoms, predominantly disturbances in self-organization (DSO)symptoms, predominantly CPTSD symptoms, and CPTSD dissociative subtype classes. The CPTSD dissociative subtype class showed the lowest level of functioning and the highest rates of MDD, GAD and childhood trauma.Conclusions: Our findings provide initial empirical evidence supporting the existence of a dissociative subtype of CPTSD, and inform for further research and clinical practice on traumatized individuals. The present study identified a dissociative subtype of ICD-11 CPTSD among trauma exposed youth.The dissociative subtype of ICD-11 CPTSD was associated with poorer mental health outcomes.Findings of this study provide initial empirical evidence supporting the existence of a dissociative subtype of CPTSD. Antecedentes: Las pruebas preliminares apoyan la propuesta de que existe un subtipo disociativo del trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico complejo (TEPTC). La investigaci & oacute;n sobre esta propuesta ampliar & iacute;a nuestro conocimiento sobre la asociaci & oacute;n entre el TEPTC y la disociaci & oacute;n, guiar & iacute;a el pensamiento contempor & aacute;neo con respecto a la ubicaci & oacute;n de la disociaci & oacute;n en la nosolog & iacute;a del TEPTC e informar & iacute;a sobre evaluaciones e intervenciones cl & iacute;nicamente & uacute;tiles.Objetivos: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los patrones concurrentes de TEPTC y s & iacute;ntomas disociativos en una gran muestra de adolescentes de China expuestos a traumas, y especificar las caracter & iacute;sticas cl & iacute;nicas covariables de tales patrones, incluyendo trauma infantil, comorbilidades con trastorno depresivo mayor (EDM) y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) y deterioro funcional.M & eacute;todos: Los participantes incluyeron 57.984 estudiantes de secundaria expuestos a la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). El TEPTC y los s & iacute;ntomas disociativos, la experiencia traum & aacute;tica infantil y el deterioro funcional se midieron con el Mapeo Global Psicotrauma para Adolescentes (GPS-T por sus siglas en ingles). Los s & iacute;ntomas del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) y del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) se midieron con el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente-9 (PHQ-9) y el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada-7 (GAD-7), respectivamente. Se emple & oacute; el an & aacute;lisis de clases latentes (ACL) para analizar los patrones concurrentes del TEPT y los s & iacute;ntomas disociativos. Se utilizaron an & aacute;lisis de covarianza (ANCOVA) y las pruebas de chi-cuadrado respectivamente para examinar las diferencias entre clases en covariables cl & iacute;nicas continuas y categ & oacute;ricas.Resultados: Un modelo de 5 clases emergi & oacute; como el modelo que mejor se ajustaba, incluyendo las clases de resiliencia, s & iacute;ntomas predominantemente de TEPT, s & iacute;ntomas predominantemente de alteraciones en la autoorganizaci & oacute;n (DSO), s & iacute;ntomas predominantemente de TEPTC y subtipo disociativo de TEPTC. La clase del subtipo disociativo del TEPTC mostr & oacute; el nivel m & aacute;s bajo de funcionamiento y las tasas m & aacute;s elevadas de TDM, TAG y trauma infantil.Conclusiones: Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan evidencia emp & iacute;rica inicial que apoya la existencia de un subtipo disociativo de TEPTC e informan para futuras investigaciones y pr & aacute;cticas cl & iacute;nicas en individuos traumatizados.</p
Relationship between personality and music preference: Psychometric adaptation of the music preference scales in a Chinese sample
No full textIndividuals evidently have different tastes in and preferences for music. The purpose of this study was to develop two scales for measuring music preference based on genres (text-based) and excerpts (clip-based), using a Chinese sample to explore the relationship between music preference and personality. Specifically, we collected measures of people's self-reported preferences for a wide range of music genres for further analysis in Study 1. In Study 2, we developed two music preference scales based on the genres identified in Study 1, one text- and the other clip-based. The results of two principal component analyses suggest three-dimensional psychological structures of music preference using both versions of the scale: (1) Traditional and Retro, (2) Exotic and Complex, and (3) Intense and Rebellious. Correlation and regression analyses of music preferences and personality also indicated that music preference is a relatively stable construct that reflects personality traits. Moreover, the three factors identified from the results of studying music preferences in a Chinese sample differ from those identified in studies of music preference in Western countries, suggesting that music preference is influenced by culture. The two scales yielded similar but slightly different outcomes reflecting their discrete emphases and characteristics; they can be used separately or together, depending on the research topic and question. In this study we verified the structure of music preference among a Chinese sample. It provides a reference point for theoretical research on music preference and personality and has practical applications.</p
The Mechanism of the Nucleus Accumbens-Ventral Pallidum Pathway Mediated by Drug Withdrawal-Induced High-Seeking Motivation in Cocaine Addiction
Get PDFThe reinforcement of drug-seeking motivation following drug withdrawal is recognized as a significant factor contributing to relapse. The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a crucial role in encoding and translating motivational aspects of reward. However, current research lacks a clear understanding of how the VP mediates drug-seeking motivation and the feedback modulation between the VP and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) following drug withdrawal. Therefore, utilizing a rat model of cocaine self-administration, we investigated the circuitry mechanisms underlying drug-seeking behavior post-drug withdrawal involving the NAc-VP pathway. Initially, we observed a significant enhancement in drug-seeking behavior 14 days after cocaine withdrawal. Subsequently, we identified the feedback mechanism through which the NAc-VP regulates this behavior. Immunofluorescence results indicated an increase in c-Fos expression levels in the ventral pallidum ventromedial (VPvm) and ventrolateral ventral pallidum (VPvl) following drug withdrawal. Calcium fiber photometry further elucidated that during the expression of high motivational drug-seeking behavior, there was a specific enhancement in VPvm neuronal activity, and retrograde tracing techniques suggested a weakened transmission function in the NAc-VPm pathway. Additionally, chemical genetic techniques demonstrated that inhibiting the activity of the NAc-VP pathway could increase the motivational level of drug-seeking behavior. These findings indicate that the reduced inhibitory function of the NAc-VP pathway following prolonged cocaine withdrawal forms the basis for heightened reactivity in VPvm neurons, thus regulating the expression of high motivational behavior triggered by drug-related cues. Our study results suggest that maintaining normal NAc-VP pathway functionality may decrease drug-seeking motivation post long-term drug withdrawal, offering new insights for interventions targeting relapse.</p
Mobile phone addiction and self-injury in adolescents with MDD: mediation by self-esteem and depression, and the failure of usage restrictions
No full textBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested a significant association between mobile phone addiction (MPA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in general adolescents. However, limited research has analyzed this relationship in clinical populations, such as those with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the potential mediation mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from 2343 adolescents with MDD (77.9% females; mean age = 14.99 years, SD = 1.65). Using mediation models, we explored the roles of self-esteem and depression severity (measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9) in the relationship between MPA and NSSI. Additionally, we evaluated the associations between existing school-implemented mobile phone usage policies and levels of MPA, self-esteem, depression symptoms, and NSSI.ResultsMPA was significantly associated with NSSI, with low self-esteem and increased depression severity almost entirely mediating this effect (log-odds = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.02-0.013). Subdomains of MPA, including inability to control craving, feelings of anxiety, and productivity loss, followed similar mediation models, while the subdomain of withdrawal/escape had a partial effect mediated by depression severity. Additionally, enforced restrictions on mobile phone usage in schools did not show positive effects on related variables and even exacerbated MPA by increasing cravings and reducing productivity.ConclusionOur study suggests that MPA in adolescents with MDD may be an important risk factor for NSSI occurrence, and that reducing the negative impact of mobile phone usage on self-esteem and depressive symptoms, rather than simply restricting usage, may be crucial for effective intervention.</p
The effect of choice on memory across development
No full textNumerous studies have demonstrated the role of making choices as an internal motivator to improve performance, and recent studies in the domain of memory have focused on adults. To chart the developmental trend of the choice effect on memory, we conducted a series of seven experiments involving children, adolescents, and young adults. Participants (N = 512) aged 5 to 26 years performed a choice encoding task that manipulated the opportunities to choose and then took a memory test. Using different types of experimental materials and corroborated by a mini meta -analysis, we found that the choice effect on memory was significant in childhood and early adolescence but not significant in late adolescence and early adulthood. The developmental changes were statistically significant, particularly evident during the transition from early to late adolescence. These findings suggest that the internal value of choice decreases across development and contributes to our understanding of developmental differences in the role of choice in memory. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p
Peripheral nerve stimulation for lower-limb postoperative recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textPatients undergoing lower-limb orthopedic surgery may experience multiple postoperative complications. Although peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a promising non-pharmacological approach that has been used in lower-limb postoperative recovery, the clinical efficacy of PNS remains inconclusive. This study systematically searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the treatment effects of PNSs in patients who underwent lower-limb orthopedic surgery up to September 29, 2023. Two investigators independently identified studies, extracted data, and conducted meta-analyses with Review Manager 5.4. The outcomes were pain relief (measured by reductions in pain intensity and analgesic consumption) and functional improvements (range of motion [ROM] and length of hospitalization [LOH]). A total of 633 patients including 321 in the experimental groups and 312 in the control groups from eight RCTs were included. PNS showed no significant effect on pain intensity, while analgesic consumption was marginally significantly reduced in the experimental group. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed regarding functional improvements in ROM or LOH after the intervention. Although PNS had no significant effect on pain relief or functional improvements, the intervention exhibited a marginally significant reduction in analgesic consumption. Future trials should be conducted with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and more varied stimulation parameters.</p
PENG ZU Study on Healthy Aging in China (PENG ZU Cohort): Design and Goals
No full textLife expectancy is increasing, leading to the continuous aging of the population in China. Enhancing the health status of the older population is crucial to achieving healthy aging. The primary objective of the PENG ZU Study on Healthy Aging in China (PENG ZU Cohort) is to understand the natural progression of health status among the aging Chinese population. Specifically, the PENG ZU cohort aims to identify and validate multidimensional aging markers, uncover the underlying mechanisms of systemic aging and functional decline, and develop novel strategies and measures to delay functional decline and adverse health outcomes, while maintaining overall good health. The PENG ZU cohort consists of 26,000 individuals aged 25 to 89 years from seven major geographical regions in China. Diversified data and biospecimens are collected according to standardized procedures at baseline and follow-up visits. Baseline recruitment for the PENG ZU cohort was completed in October 2021. The extensive analysis of multidimensional health-related data and bioresources collected from the cohort is anticipated to develop methods for evaluating functional status and elucidating multilevel, cross-scale interactions and regulatory mechanisms of healthy aging. The findings from this study will enhance the understanding of health changes due to aging, facilitate efficient and effective interventions to maintain functional ability, and reduce the incidence and severity of age-related diseases, thereby further promoting healthy aging.</p
Evaluating the validity of eye-tracking tasks and stimuli in detecting high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism: A meta-analysis
No full textGaze abnormalities are well documented in infants at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, variations in experimental design and stimuli across studies have led to mixed results. The current meta- analysis aimed to identify which type of eye tracking task and stimulus are most effective at differentiating high-risk infants (siblings of children with ASD) who later meet diagnosis criteria from low-risk infants without familial autism. We synthesized 35 studies that used eye tracking to investigate gaze behavior in infants at high genetic risk for autism before 2 years of age. We found that stimulus features, regions of interest (ROIs) and study quality moderated effect sizes across studies. Overall, dynamic stimuli and socially-relevant regions in the social stimuli (i.e. the target and activity of characters' shared focus) reliably detected high-risk infants who later develop ASD. Attention disengagement task and stimuli depicting interactions between human and nonhuman characters could identify high-risk infants who later develop ASD and those who have autism-related symptoms but do not meet the diagnostic criteria as well. These findings provide sensitive and reliable early markers of ASD, which is helpful to develop objective and quantitative early autism screening and intervention tools.</p
Examining the link between (in)congruent parent-child communication and child phone addiction
No full textDistinct Contributions of Alpha and Beta Oscillations to Context-Dependent Visual Size Perception
No full textPrevious studies have proposed two cognitive mechanisms responsible for the Ebbinghaus illusion effect, i.e., contour interaction and size contrast. However, the neural underpinnings of these two mechanisms are largely unexplored. The present study introduced binocular depth to the Ebbinghaus illusion configuration and made the central target appear either in front of or behind the surrounding inducers in order to disturb size contrast instead of contour interaction. The results showed that the illusion effect, though persisted, was significantly reduced under the binocular depth conditions. Notably, the target with a larger perceived size reduced early alpha-band power (8-13 Hz, 0-100 ms after stimulus onset) at centroparietal sites irrespective of the relative depth of the target and the inducers, with the parietal alpha power negatively correlated with the illusion effect. Moreover, the target with a larger perceived size increased the occipito-parietal beta-band power (14-25 Hz, 200-300 ms after stimulus onset) under the no-depth condition, and the beta power was positively correlated with the illusion effect when the depth conditions were subtracted from the no-depth condition. The findings provided neurophysiological evidence in favor of the two cognitive mechanisms of the Ebbinghaus illusion by revealing that early alpha power is associated with low-level contour interaction and late beta power is linked to high-level size contrast, supporting the claim that neural oscillations at distinct frequency bands dynamically support different aspects of visual processing.</p
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