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Metacognition in college students with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their relationship to rumination
No full text强迫症是一种严重损害的疾病，不仅会伴发一系列的合并症，还会导致残疾甚至死亡。随着社会的发展和进步，大学生群体中强迫症的发生率越来越大，尽管一些大学生尚未被诊断为临床意义上的强迫症，但也表现出了各种各样，不同程度的强迫症状。元认知作为一种重要的心理障碍的发展和维持因素，元认知功能和元认知信念都与强迫症状的出现，加剧或复发相关。此外，作为持续关注负性情绪的消极认知的反刍思维，在无强迫症状大学生和伴发严重强迫症状大学生中与元认知的关系也尚无研究探讨。尽管人们对强迫症状和相关致病因素的认识不断提高，但这种疾病仍未得到充分诊断和治疗。为了缓解大学生的强迫症状，为其心理健康提供帮助，本研究使用方差分析，回归分析，网络分析等方法，通过横断调查系统地分析比较伴发严重强迫症状大学生和无强迫症状大学生的元认知水平，并探索其与反刍思维的关系网络。为了缓解大学生的强迫症状，为其心理健康提供帮助，本研究通过横断调查，系统地探究伴发严重强迫症状大学生和无强迫症状大学生的元认知水平，并采用网络分析的方法，探索其与反刍思维的关系网络。
研究一的目的是了解强迫症状大学生和无强迫症状大学生认知功能和认知信念的差异。被试来自于某师范学院 4423 名大学生，经过强迫症症状分类量表(The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised ，OCI-R)的筛选划分强迫症状大学 生组(1758)和无强迫症状大学生组(2665)。元认知功能采用权变关系任务(Contingency Degradation Task，CDT)测量，该任务中共包括强迫症状大学生 33人和无强迫症状大学生 35 人。元认知信念采用元认知问卷(The Meta-cognitions Questionnaire，MCQ-30)测量，该问卷测量共包括强迫症状大学生组 1758 人和无强迫症状大学生 2665 人。结果显示，两组大学生的元认知功能存在差异，尤其体现在元认知控制功能方面，并且强迫症状大学生组较无强迫症状大学生组表现出明显的习惯化行为倾向。此外，两组大学生的所有元认知信念维度均存在差异，相较于无强迫症状大学生组，强迫症状大学生组存在显著的适应不良的元认知信念。
研究二通过横断设计对比强迫症状大学生(1758)和无强迫症状大学生(2665)的反刍思维，进而探究在大学生中元认知与反刍思维的关系，元认知问卷(The Meta-cognitions Questionnaire，MCQ-30)评估元认知信念，反刍思维量表(The Ruminative Response Scale，RRS)评估反刍思维严重程度。结果表明相较于无强 迫症状大学生组，强迫症状大学生组存在显著的反刍思维倾向。此外，元认知信念中控制想法的需要与所有强迫症状均存在显著正相关，也是所有强迫症状的危险因素。然而，在反刍思维中，强迫思维这一强迫症状与反刍思维的所有维度呈 现显著正相关，但未有一种反刍思维维度被纳入强迫症状的危险因素考虑。
研究三使用网络分析的方法，探究并对比强迫症状大学生组(1758)和无强迫症状大学生组(2665)元认知与反刍思维之间的网络结构。网络分析结果显示，无 论强迫症状大学生组还是无强迫症状大学生组，大部分元认知维度与反刍维度的联结均为正向联结，元认知“担忧的无法掌控/危险”与反刍“症状反刍”为两者之间最强的正向联结，反刍中的“症状反刍”也被发现存在最大的节点强度中心性。NCT 分析结果显示，强迫症状大学生组和无强迫症状大学生组元认知与反刍思维之间的网络结构差异不显著，但两组网络结构之间仍存在部分不同。
综上，本研究探讨了强迫症状大学生和无强迫症状大学生元认知与反刍思维情况的差异，分析了元认知与反刍思维对强迫症状的影响，同时对比了在强迫症状大学生和无强迫症状大学生中强迫症状，元认知与反刍思维之间的网络结构。因此，本研究在梳理强迫症状，元认知与反刍思维之间的关系，在揭示强迫症状，元认知与反刍思维之间影响与发展的途径方面有一定的理论价值，这也为今后对特定强迫症状进行针对性干预提供了一定的实践指导意义
The Influence of Music literacy on Empathy and Prosocial Tendencies
No full text已有研究显示，音乐训练与干预可显著提升个体的共情及亲社会倾向。然而，这三者之间的具体关系及其影响机制尚未得到全面揭示。为此，我们采用问卷调查和行为实验的方法，对音乐素养、共情和亲社会倾向之间的关系进行了深入探讨。此外，还分别比较了是否经过长期音乐训练，以及在不同情境下参与短期音乐活动的大学生在共情和亲社会倾向方面的差异。 研究一采用问卷调查的方式，共招募 145 名在校大学生，探索了音乐素养、共情与亲社会倾向的内在联系。研究结果显示音乐素养对共情和亲社会倾向具有显著的正向预测作用，共情在音乐素养与亲社会倾向之间起到了重要的中介作用。 研究二采用问卷调查的方式，共招募 391 名大学生。其中，音乐专业 137名，非音乐专业 254 名。我们对比了音乐专业与非音乐专业的大学生在亲社会 倾向上的差异，并探索了长期音乐训练对共情和亲社会倾向的影响机制。研究 结果显示，长期音乐训练可在一定程度上正向提升个体的亲社会倾向，并可以 通过音乐素养或共情的单独中介作用或者是音乐素养和共情的链式中介作用间 接影响个体的亲社会倾向。 研究三采用两因素混合实验设计，共招募 73 名大学生，探索了参与不同情境下的短期音乐活动对个体共情和亲社会倾向的影响。研究结果显示，参与短期音乐活动，最好是集体参与的方式可在一定程度上影响个体的亲社会倾向。但是，对不同表现形式的亲社会倾向的影响方式和效果有所不同。并且，影响效果相对有限。 综上所述，本研究得出以下结论：音乐素养对共情和亲社会倾向具有显著的正向提升作用；共情在音乐素养与亲社会倾向之间起重要的中介作用；长期音乐训练能够显著增强亲社会倾向；而参与不同情境下的短期音乐活动也能产生一定影响，但影响效果相对有限。 本研究创新性地引入共情这一中介变量，为理解三者之间的关系及机制提供了理论证据。研究采用结构方程模型的方式将不同亲社会倾向的表现形式进行成功拟合，构造了亲社会倾向的潜变量。通过对比音乐专业和非音乐专业的大学生，以及日常生活情境下的短期音乐活动，生态性地验证了长期音乐训练和短期音乐活动对个体亲社会倾向的积极影响。 基于以上发现，我们建议加强音乐素质教育，鼓励人们积极参与集体音乐活动。这不仅有助于提升个体的共情和亲社会倾向，更能促进个体社会功能的完善和社会和谐与稳定发展。</p
Rest to Promote Learning: A Brain Default Mode Network Perspective
No full textThe brain often switches freely between focused attention and divergent thinking, and the Default Mode Network (DMN) is activated during brain rest. Since its discovery, the DMN, together with its function and characteristics, indicates that learning does not stop when the brain "rests". Therefore, DMN plays an important role in learning. Neural activities such as beta wave rhythm regulation, "subconscious" divergence thinking mode initiation, hippocampal function, and neural replay occur during default mode, all of which explains that "rest" promotes learning. This paper summarized the function and neural mechanism of DMN in learning and proposed that the DMN plays an essential role in learning, which is that it enables rest to promote learning.</p
人工智能助推心理平安校园建设
No full text<正>青少年正处于身心快速变化、情绪敏感多变的阶段。这一时期，青少年要应对学业压力，处理与同龄人、老师和家长之间的人际关系，因此心理平安成为了青少年应对挑战的重要支撑。心理平安是指个体在内心感受到的安全与稳定，它帮助青少年在遇到困难时保持情绪稳定并积极寻求解决问题的办法，从而实现自我成长。心理平安的青少年通常能够更好地应对压力，他们对自己的能力有更加清晰的认识，能够正视自己的不足并寻求帮助。然而，也有一些青少年由于学业压力、人际关系、情感困扰等陷入焦虑、</p
<i>NASP</i> gene contributes to autism by epigenetic dysregulation of neural and immune pathways
No full textBackground Epigenetics makes substantial contribution to the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may harbour a unique opportunity to prevent the development of ASD. We aimed to identify novel epigenetic genes involved in ASD aetiology. Methods Trio-based whole exome sequencing was conducted on ASD families. Genome editing technique was used to knock out the candidate causal gene in a relevant cell line. ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and RNA-seq were performed to investigate the functional impact of knockout (KO) or mutation in the candidate gene. Results We identified a novel candidate gene NASP (nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein) for epigenetic dysregulation in ASD in a Chinese nuclear family including one proband with autism and comorbid atopic disease. The de novo likely gene disruptive variant tNASP(Q289X) subjects the expression of tNASP to nonsense-mediated decay. tNASP KO increases chromatin accessibility, promotes the active promoter state of genes enriched in synaptic signalling and leads to upregulated expression of genes in the neural signalling and immune signalling pathways. Compared with wild-type tNASP, tNASP(Q289X) enhances chromatin accessibility of the genes with enriched expression in the brain. RNA-seq revealed that genes involved in neural and immune signalling are affected by the tNASP mutation, consistent with the phenotypic impact and molecular effects of nasp-1 mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans. Two additional patients with ASD were found carrying deletion or deleterious mutation in the NASP gene. Conclusion We identified novel epigenetic mechanisms mediated by tNASP which may contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD and its immune comorbidity.</p
多重空间尺度的神经表征
No full textSpatial environment includes multiple scales, which can be specifically divided into operable nearscale figural space, navigable space consisting of single -viewpoint space and environmental space, and large-scale geographic space. It is very important for human and other animal's daily life to distinguish the spatial environment at different scales. The representation of spatial scale is related to its corresponding functional requirements. The parietal lobe is responsible for the representation of near -scale space. Navigable spatial representation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex shows a "coarse to fine" gradient along the posterior to anterior axis. However, the scale representation of abstract social space shows a dichotomy. Future research should focus on temporal dynamics of spatial scale representation and the influence of spatial scale on the format of the cognitive map.</p
Chronic Sacral Nerve Stimulation Inhibits Visceral Hypersensitivity in Diarrhea- Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats Model
No full textObjective: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is emerging as a novel treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, its effects are limited, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Materials and Methods: In this study, rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 rats per group): 1) the SNS group; 2) the sham SNS group (the sham group for short); and 3) the control group. The SNS and sham groups were exposed to chronic and acute stress to establish an IBS model. Electrode implantation surgery was performed in rats with the IBS model. The SNS group received electrical stimulation for 30 minutes every day for seven days. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was used to evaluate the effect of SNS on visceral sensitivity in diarrhea -predominant IBS (IBS -D) rats. The frequency domain of heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed to assess the effect of SNS on regulating the autonomic function. The expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the colon, spinal cord, and hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry to explore the mechanism of SNS in IBS -D rats. Results: Compared with the sham group, AWR scores were significantly decreased under different gas volumes of stimulation of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ml for rectal distention in the SNS group (all p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference <1.0 ml between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the frequency domain indexes of HRV were significantly altered. Normalized low -frequency power and low frequency -to -high frequency ratio were significantly decreased, and normalized high -frequency power was significantly increased in the SNS group (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of TRPV1 in the spinal cord and colon in the SNS group was significantly decreased compared with the sham group (both p < 0.05). These results suggested that chronic SNS not only improved the visceral sensitivity and autonomic dysfunction but also decreased the expression of TRPV1 in the spinal cord -gut tissue in IBS -D rats. Conclusion: Chronic SNS was found to have an inhibitory effect on visceral hypersensitivity in IBS -D rats, providing experimental evidence for its potential clinical application in IBS.</p
Application of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques in Working Memory Research在线阅读 下载PDF
No full text工作记忆是人类认知功能的核心组成部分，负责信息的短暂存储与加工，并在日常任务执行中发挥重要作用。工作记忆的缺陷会导致高级认知过程和发展障碍，并且随着个体年龄的增长，工作记忆能力往往会衰退。鉴于大脑具有可塑性的特点，非侵入性脑刺激（noninvasive brain stimulation，NIBS）已经被用于激活特定大脑区域，以改善工作记忆功能。目前的证据表明，NIBS具备成为改善工作记忆的有效工具的潜力，主要包括经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation， TMS）、经颅电刺激(transcranial electrical stimulation，tES）等。本文首先综述了工作记忆的神经生理基础，然后回顾了近年来NIBS 在健康成人工作记忆干预中的应用，讨论了其在提升工作记忆方面的潜在效益和局限，为工作记忆的深入研究和临床转化提供一定参考。</p
Effects of growth mindset intervention in mental health status in middle school students
No full text目的:考察中学生成长型思维与心理健康的关系，探讨成长型思维干预在不同年级以及干预后不同时长的效果。方法:选取西安市某中学612名中学生，采用心理健康诊断测验问卷(MHT)、内隐人格理论问卷(IPT-Q)评估其成长型思维与心理健康状况，按照简单随机抽样法分为成长型思维干预组(n=306)和常规心理健康课组(n=306),成长型思维干预组在常规心理健康课的基础上增加45 min的成长型思维干预课。采用三因素方差分析比较不同年级、组别、时间条件下被试MHT得分。结果:中学生IPT-Q得分与MHT得分呈负相关(r=-0.10,P<0.05)。在干预后4周，成长型思维干预组MHT得分低于常规心理健康课组([(30.8±5.0) vs.(35.9±16.6),P<0.001],在干预后4个月，两组MHT得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:成长型思维干预能提升短期内中学生心理健康状况。</p
Warming climate apathy to mitigate the disparity in climate policy support across distinct income strata
Get PDFWorldwide, nations strive to curtail carbon emissions, but income disparities create challenges in climate policy support. While the Chinese government has employed economic incentives to mitigate the financial burden of green energy transition, these measures may not fully address the underlying issue of climate apathy, wherein individuals prioritize immediate interests over long-term climate concerns. Using a three-year online tracking sample of Chinese adults (n = 4,699), this study investigates the enduring predictive role of income poverty on climate policy support (e.g., green energy transition), alongside the explanatory power of climate apathy and economic burden for this effect. The research reveals that income poverty results in lower climate policy support, with climate apathy explaining 38.29% of this effect, while economic burden accounts for only 8%. Moreover, compared to economic burden, climate apathy has a stronger impact on policy support in regions with different levels of economic development. These findings underscore the potential of addressing climate apathy as a non-economic approach to enhance support for climate policies among low-income groups, offering a cost-effective and stable strategy to bridge the policy support gap caused by income disparity and regional economic imbalances.</p
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