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Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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    The Influences of Polygenic Risk Score, Individual- and AreaLevel Socio-economic Status on Depression and Anxiety

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    抑郁和焦虑对个体与社会造成了沉重的负担,并且存在高共病性。抑郁和焦虑在很大程度上受到遗传因素的影响,可以通过多基因风险评分(polygenic risk score, PRS)来量化个体的遗传风险。同时,个体的社会经济地位(socio-economic status, SES)(个体 SES)与个体当前生活区域的社会经济发展程度(区域 SES)这两类环境因素也会对抑郁和焦虑产生广泛而深远的影响。但是,目前关于 PRS、个体 SES 或区域 SES 对抑郁和焦虑影响的研究存在许多不一致的结果,且大部分研究往往只聚焦于遗传、个体 SES 和区域 SES 中的一个或两个层面。因此,本研究旨在综合这三个层面,在中国成年人群体中,较为全面地考察全基因组遗 传风险、多项个体 SES 指标和多项区域 SES 指标对抑郁和焦虑情绪的影响以及其中的交互作用。 研究一旨在从遗传角度探究抑郁、焦虑和神经质的 PRS 能否有效预测个体的抑郁和焦虑症状。为此,我们从基因检测公司的客户群中招募了 2134 名被试,对他们近期的抑郁和焦虑症状进行了问卷调查,并获取了他们的全基因组检测结果。然后,基于抑郁、焦虑和神经质的全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study, GWAS)元分析结果,我们计算了每名被试的相应表型PRS。分析结果表明,神经质 PRS 能显著正向预测中国个体的抑郁和焦虑情绪,抑郁症状 PRS 能显著正向预测中国个体的焦虑情绪,其中神经质 PRS 表现出最强的预测能力。 研究二主要考察个体 SES、区域 SES、以及两者的交互作用如何预测抑郁和焦虑情绪。研究二与研究一采用了相同的样本,共有 2090 名被试符合纳入标准。采用多元线性回归模型进行数据分析。结果发现,在各项个体 SES 指标中,对原生家庭的主观社会地位(subjective social status, SSS)显著负向预测个体当前的抑郁和焦虑症状,母亲受教育水平显著正向预测个体的抑郁和焦虑症状,父亲受教育水平显著正向预测个体的焦虑症状,个体当前收入显著负向预测个体的抑郁症状,个体受教育水平则可以显著负向预测个体的抑郁和焦虑症状。区域 SES 中,个体当前长期生活省份的人均国内生产总值(gross domestic product, GDP)、平均 受教育年限和汤森剥夺指数均不能显著预测抑郁或焦虑。但是,个体SES 与区域 SES 存在显著的交互作用。具体表现为,高区域经济水平对抑郁症状有保护作用,但这种关联仅存在于低受教育水平人群中;此外,对于原生家庭 SSS 较高的个体而言,当他们生活在教育水平较低的区域内时,其抑郁症状显著更少,与 &ldquo;宁做鸡头,不做凤尾&rdquo;的成语恰恰相符。 研究三拟探讨基因与环境如何共同作用于抑郁和焦虑,重点分析PRS 与个体 SES、区域 SES 之间是否存在交互作用。研究三采用了研究二中的2090 名被试,并基于研究一和研究二的结果选择 PRS 变量和 SES 变量,运用多元线性回归模型进行分析。研究结果表明,基因与环境之间存在显著的交互作用:高原生家庭 SSS 可以预测低焦虑症状,但这种关联仅存在于遗传风险中等或较高的人中;同时,高个体受教育水平也可以预测低焦虑症状,但这一关联仅在遗传风 险中等的人群中发现。 总体而言,本研究结果表明,抑郁症状 PRS 和神经质 PRS 能有效预测中国 人的抑郁或焦虑症状;不同 SES 变量对抑郁和焦虑症状的影响存在差异;个体SES 和区域 SES 之间存在交互作用;PRS 与原生家庭 SES、个体当前 SES 之间也存在基因-环境交互作用。本研究的主要创新点在于,应用了前沿的 PRS 分析方法,结合个体与区域两个水平的 SES,从微观的遗传分子到宏观的区域 SES 多个层次探讨了遗传与环境对抑郁、焦虑的影响,并揭示了基因-环境交互作用以及环境-环境交互作用。通过加深对抑郁、焦虑发生机制的认识,本研究为制定心理健康的预防、干预措施与公共卫生政策提供了理论指导,也对当前国民广泛关注的议题,如原生家庭如何影响个体的心理健康、大学生毕业后是否留在大城市等,提供了有力的科学参考。</p

    Anxiety and Depression Related Characteristics of Parents of Exceptional Children Based on Machine Learning

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    In this study., advanced machine learning algorithms were used in conjunction with the SCL-90 scale to conduct an indepth cluster analysis of the mental health status of parents of exceptional children. By collecting and analyzing the mental health data of these parents and using machine learning techniques., different patterns of psychological characteristics of anxiety and depression were identified. The findings revealed a complex relationship between anxiety and depression levels and multiple factors such as family support., social support., and individual coping strategies. The clustering analysis of the machine learning model enabled the identification of different psychological trait groups with specific anxiety and depression manifestations., providing a scientific basis for further psychological intervention and support.</p

    Career Adaptability for Parents and Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Adolescence Career Aspirations

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    目的 探讨青少年(15-20岁)职业适应力和父母职业适应力之间的关系和潜在机制,为研究父、母职业适应力分别对青少年职业抱负和适应力的影响,并为如何发展青少年职业适应力提供参考。方法 通过线上、匿名自愿的方式,对国内两所高中的541名学生进行问卷调查。结果 (1)青少年个体的父、母职业适应力显著正向预测青少年职业抱负和职业适应力;(2)青少年职业抱负在父、母职业适应力和青少年职业适应力之间起中介作用;(3)父、母职业适应力对青少年职业抱负和职业适应力预测上存在交互效应。结论可以通过干预青少年职业抱负及其父母职业适应力能力发展青少年职业适应力能力;父亲的职业适应力也非常重要,当父亲职业适应力低的时候,高母亲职业适应力也不能正向预测青少年的高职业适应力,青少年职业适应力培养不应忽视父亲职业适应力的影响。</p

    学术生涯的“生与死”:我的2018年感悟

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    我, 1956年出生;《心理学报》, 1956年创刊。2018年初,我从《心理学报》前任主编张侃研究员手中接下第十任主编一职。我对自己说:冲着有缘与《心理学报》同年出生,我当用心办好这份国内心理学科的“权威”等级期刊。2018年末,在第二十一届全国心理学学术会议上,我又从中国心理学会原理事长张侃研究员手中接过“中国心理学会会士”(英文对应称号为“Fellow”)证书。《中国心理学会会员条例》明确提到:“会士(Fellow)是中国心理学会授予对中国心理学和中国心理学会的发展和建设有重大贡献的学会会员的最高荣誉称号。”张侃研究员在2016年颁发会士证书时就提到了这一点。先前几批中国心理学会会士中已经谢世的约有10人(我的导师朱祖祥也在内)

    The Impact of Phubbing in Digital Back-feeding on Elderly Parents'Mental Health

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    老年人是抑郁和焦虑的高发群体,良好的数字融入是提升心理健康的重要途径.基于家庭的数字反哺是老年人数字融入的内生有效力量.然而,数字反哺的进程常常受到子女行为影响.本研究关注老年人感知的子女低头行为,即子女与父母互动中因使用手机对父母造成的&quot;情感冷落&quot;如何影响老年人接受数字反哺时的心理预期以及情绪状态,进而影响心理健康.研究发现,老年人感知的子女低头行为会增加老年人的数字反哺障碍,诱发消极情绪,增加老年人的抑郁和焦虑倾向;但感知的子女低头行为对老年人的数字反哺效能感则无显著影响.本研究关注数字反哺的情感面向,刻画深度媒介化社会中老年人家庭传播实践的心理动态,揭示了阻碍数字反哺的因素与影响机制,力求为家庭传播的干预提供准确依据.</p

    情绪稳定究竟是好是坏

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    情绪是人们对客观事物的态度体验,以及相应的行为反应.成年人面对纷繁复杂的事物时,情绪往往是多样而复杂的.因此,如何处理情绪几乎成为我们每天都需要面对的课题. 拿破仑曾说:&quot;能控制好自己情绪的人,比能拿下一座城池的将军更伟大.&quot;情绪该如何控制才好?保持情绪稳定,究竟是好是坏?</p

    Research on the Development Characteristics of Preschoolers’ Pre-writing Skills in Diary Drawings

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    本研究对 566 名 3&mdash;6 岁幼儿的日记画作品进行分析,测查幼儿的前书写能力,发现 4 岁是幼儿日记画中前书写能力快速发展的关键期,幼儿日记画中前书写元素构成由单一的图形表达逐渐走向图形表达、符号表达、文字意识三足鼎立的格局。研究者据此提出教育建议。</p

    Clinical risk factors of long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has a profound and lasting impact on the mental health of recovered individuals. To investigate the clinical risk factors associated with long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors, demographic information and medical records were collected during February 19 and March 20, 2020. Assessments of PTSS, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were conducted at two months (April to May 2020, Session 1) and two years (April to May 2022, Session 2) post-discharge. Session 1 included 127 survivors who were infected with the early strains of SARS-CoV-2, and 54 of these participants took part in Session 2. PTSS (median: Session 1 = 9, Session 2 = 7; p = 0.522) and depression (median: Session 1 = 5, Session 2 = 4; p = 0.127) remained unchanged over the two years following COVID-19 infection, while anxiety (median: Session 1 = 5, Session 2 = 2; p < 0.001) significantly decreased at the two-year mark. Severe COVID-19 symptoms were consistently identified as significant risk factors for depression at both time points (Session 1: dyspnea [beta = -0.268, p = 0.016], nausea or vomiting [beta = 0.239, p = 0.031]; Session 2: headache [beta = 0.414, p = 0.014]). They also emerged as risk factors for PTSS and anxiety at the two-month mark (PTSS: cough [beta = -0.334, p = 0.002]; anxiety: continued oxygen therapy [beta = 0.343, p = 0.002], cough [beta = -0.267, p = 0.013]). At the two-year mark, blood sample characteristics were identified as risk factors for PTSS (albumin: beta = 0.455, p = 0.010), anxiety (total bilirubin: beta = 0.440, p = 0.013), and depression (total bilirubin: beta = 0.386, p = 0.021). Mann-Whitney U-tests showed that female survivors had higher anxiety (p = 0.012) and depression (p = 0.046) levels than males at the two-month mark. The sample size was relatively small, and further investigation is needed to determine whether our findings can be directly applied to other samples, including those involving different variants of SARS-CoV-2. Our study may highlight the differences between short-term and long-term clinical risk factors for PTSS, anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 survivors. The identified predictors could provide valuable insights for tailoring interventions to improve the PTSS, anxiety, and depression outcomes at different stages of recovery in COVID-19 survivors

    Linking Iris Cis- Regulatory Variants to Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Via Clinical Imaging and Multiomics

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    P URPOSE . To elucidate the genetic basis of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) by identifying pathogenic tissue and critical tissue-specific variants. M ETHODS . The correlations among PACG susceptibility, axial length (AL), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were evaluated using meta-analyses. Propensity score matching was utilized on 2161 participants from the Handan Eye Study to determine the risk factors independent of ACD and AL for PACG. Subsequently, we employed the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) and allele-specific self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) to screen 202 PACG genome-wide association study (GWAS) variants for chromatin accessibility and functional roles. R ESULTS . The meta-analysis found that PACG susceptibility loci are not associated with ACD or AL. However, abnormal iris phenotypes emerged as significant independent risk factors for primary angle-closure disease (PACD), unrelated to ACD and AL. Substantial enrichment of PACG heritability was observed in the open chromatin regions of the human iris. Within the iris-relevant cellular context, 22 out of the 202 PACG GWAS variants could influence enhancer activity. Two variants in the iris open chromatin regions were implicated in the modulation of PLEKHA7 and C10orf53 expression. The downregulation of these two genes affects cytoskeletal organization. C ONCLUSIONS . Our findings underscore the importance of the iris in the pathogenesis of PACG and identified iris-specific, enhancer-modulating variants that may influence disease risk. Our approach also provides a generalizable framework for studying ocular diseases from the perspective of enhancer-modulating variants.</p

    The influence of metacognition and intelligence on the academic performance of high school students: Theory of intelligence as a moderator

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    元认知指关于认知的认知,包含对世界的知识以及运用这种知识去解决问题的策略,元认知和智力均是学业表现重要的预测因素,已有研究中三者的关系模 式存在一定差异。依据智力导入量理论,智力观作为个体对于能力的信念,可能在其中起调节作用,但少有实证研究将智力观作为调节变量,探讨智力观、智力/元认知、学业成就之间的关系。本研究通过三个子研究,结合横断和纵向研究,综合发展和过程视角,探究在高中生中,元认知、智力对学业表现的影响机制,以及智力观在其中的调节作用。 研究一采用横断研究,考察了985 名高一和高二学生中,元认知、智力对学 业成绩的影响,以及智力观在其中的调节效应。结果发现,元认知和智力的相关不显著,但二者均能预测学业表现,且共享一部分变异。以智力观为分组变量,通过路径分析探究智力观的调节作用,结果表明,智力和元认知均显著预测了学业成绩,但并未发现智力观在元认知与智力对学业表现的预测中存在调节作用。 研究二在研究一的基础上,采用纵向研究,对研究一中的 677 名高一学生进 行为期一年的追踪,探查元认知、智力对学业成绩的纵向预测作用,以及智力观在其中的调节效应。结果发现,智力和元认知始终正向预测学业成绩,元认知的预测作用始终大于智力。路径分析结果表明智力观调节智力对学业表现的预测,但只存在于纵向预测时,具体表现在更支持增长观的个体,智力对成绩的预测作用较小,即个体更加认可智力可变时,智力对学业成绩的预测较小。 为了弥补学业成绩单一指标的不足,更全面地探究元认知、智力与学业表现 的关系,研究三结合动态和过程的学习能力的视角,以 53 名高一学生为被试, 结合具体学习任务,探究元认知、智力对学习表现的解释作用,以及智力观在其 中的调节。研究结果发现,高元认知组的任务成绩显著高于低元认知组,与智力 无关,表明元认知是影响任务成绩的重要因素。智力观调节元认知对任务成绩的 预测,具体表现为更支持增长观的个体,元认知对任务成绩的预测作用更大。 基于三项研究的结果,本研究获得以下主要结论: (1)高中生元认知、智力均对学业表现有单独的预测作用,同时也有共同的解释作用。 (2)智力观在元认知、智力对学业表现的作用中起调节作用,对于更多支持增长观的个体来说,智力的作用更小,元认知的作用更大。但这种调节作用存在异质性,当学生随年级升高面临更大挑战,以及完成更难的任务时,智力观表 现出了调节作用

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