Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Development and Validation of Paradigms Based on the Global-First Topological Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Severity Staging
No full textIntroduction: Conventional methods like patient history, neuropsychological testing, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and magnetic resonance imaging are widely used to diagnose cases in the current clinical setting but are limited in classifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages. Patients with AD exhibit visual perception deficits, which may be a potential target to assess the severity of the disease according to visual paradigms. However, owing to the inconsistent forms of perceived objects, the defects of current visual processing paradigms often lead to inconsistent results and a lack of sensitivity and specificity. Methods: We develop two paradigms based on global -first topological approach of visual perception, which avoids inconsistent results and lack of sensitivity and specificity owing to the inconsistent forms of perceived objects in traditional paradigms, delineate a unique detection strategy from perception organization (Experiment 1) and visual working memory (VWM) (Experiment 2). Results: Except for the significant differences of the reaction times (RTs) between groups, significant differences were found when AD subjects recognize small figures due to the consistency of global and local figures in similarity test. The difference of RTs between recognizing global and local figures can be recognized in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group compared to healthy elderly (HE) in similarity test (Experiment 1). The memory capacity of AD patients was significantly lower than MCI group. Topological interference effect was observed in MCI and HE group, whereas MCI patients may have a greater difference trend in nontopological and topological changes than HE (Experiment 2). Conclusion: Our paradigms provide a new strategy, which can assist clinical severity staging and linking topological approach of visual perception with pathophysiological processes in AD
Lateralized Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Cortex and its Variations During Complex Visuomotor Tasks
No full textPrevious studies have shown that the left hemisphere dominates motor function, often observed through homotopic activation measurements. Using a functional connectivity approach, this study investigated the lateralization of the sensorimotor cortex during handwriting and drawing, two complex visuomotor tasks with varying contextual demands. We found that both left- and right-lateralized connectivity in the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), somatosensory cortex, and visual regions were evident in adults (males and females), primarily in an interhemispheric integrative fashion. Critically, these lateralization tendencies remained highly invariant across task contexts, representing a task-invariant neural architecture for encoding fundamental motor programs consistently implemented in different task contexts. Additionally, the PMd exhibited a slight variation in lateralization degree between task contexts, reflecting the ability of the high-order motor system to adapt to varying task demands. However, connectivity-based lateralization of the sensorimotor cortex was not detected in 10-year-old children (males and females), suggesting that the maturation of connectivity-based lateralization requires prolonged development. In summary, this study demonstrates both task-invariant and task-sensitive connectivity lateralization in sensorimotor cortices that support the resilience and adaptability of skilled visuomotor performance. These findings align with the hierarchical organization of the motor system and underscore the significance of the functional connectivity-based approach in studying functional lateralization
Graded and sharp transitions in semantic function in left temporal lobe
No full textRecent work has focussed on how patterns of functional change within the temporal lobe relate to whole-brain dimensions of intrinsic connectivity variation (Margulies et al., 2016). We examined two such 'connectivity gradients' reflecting the separation of (i) unimodal versus heteromodal and (ii) visual versus auditory-motor cortex, examining visually presented verbal associative and feature judgments, plus picture-based context and emotion generation. Functional responses along the first dimension sometimes showed graded change between modality-tuned and heteromodal cortex (in the verbal matching task), and other times showed sharp functional transitions, with deactivation at the extremes and activation in the middle of this gradient (internal generation). The second gradient revealed more visual than auditory-motor activation, regardless of content (associative, feature, context, emotion) or task process (matching/generation). We also uncovered subtle differences across each gradient for content type, which predominantly manifested as differences in relative magnitude of activation or deactivation
Genetic association analysis of human median voice pitch identifies a common locus for tonal and non-tonal languages
No full textThe genetic influence on human vocal pitch in tonal and non-tonal languages remains largely unknown. In tonal languages, such as Mandarin Chinese, pitch changes differentiate word meanings, whereas in non-tonal languages, such as Icelandic, pitch is used to convey intonation. We addressed this question by searching for genetic associations with interindividual variation in median pitch in a Chinese major depression case-control cohort and compared our results with a genome-wide association study from Iceland. The same genetic variant, rs11046212-T in an intron of the ABCC9 gene, was one of the most strongly associated loci with median pitch in both samples. Our meta-analysis revealed four genome-wide significant hits, including two novel associations. The discovery of genetic variants influencing vocal pitch across both tonal and non-tonal languages suggests the possibility of a common genetic contribution to the human vocal system shared in two distinct populations with languages that differ in tonality (Icelandic and Mandarin).
A GWAS finds genetic link in ABCC9 gene affecting vocal pitch in both Mandarin and Icelandic speakers, suggesting a shared genetic influence on human vocal systems across populations
The Impact of Prolonged Duration of Untreated Illness on Clinical Correlates in Chronic Schizophrenia: Exploring the Relationship With Suicide Risk
No full textObjective Studies on duration of untreated psychosis are common in patients with schizophrenia, but few studies have investigated the relationship between duration of untreated illness (DUI) and suicide, especially in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Therefore, we intended to investigate the relationship between DUI and suicide and clinical correlates in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods A total of 1,555 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. DUI was measured in years, reflecting the prolonged untreated periods observed in this population. Clinical correlates were assessed, including symptoms, cognitive functioning, and body mass index. Suicidal ideation and attempts were also examined. Statistical analyses, including multivariate models, were employed to investigate the associations between DUI and clinical correlates while controlling for potential confounders. Results The study revealed a significant proportion (23.3%) of patients with chronic schizophrenia in China received their first treatment after a 4-year delay, with the longest untreated duration reaching 39 years. Patients with longer DUI exhibited more severe negative symptoms, lower immediate memory scores, a higher likelihood of being overweight, and surprisingly, a reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts. Each additional year of untreated illness was associated with a 3% decrease in the risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. Conclusion The findings underscore the prevalence of extended untreated periods in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia and highlight the impact of DUI on negative symptoms, cognitive function, and body weight. Intriguingly, a longer DUI was associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. Psychiatry Investig 2024;21(4):422-43
The regulation of social factors on anxiety and microglial activity in nucleus accumbens of adolescent male mice: Influence of social interaction strategy
No full textBackground: Adolescence is a period characterized by a high vulnerability to emotional disorders, which are modulated by biological, psychological, and social factors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods: Combining physical or emotional social defeat stress (PS and ES) and pair or isolation rearing conditions, we investigated the effects of stress type and social support on emotional behavior and central immune molecules in adolescent mice, including anxiety, social fear, and social interaction strategies, as well as changes in microglia-specific molecules (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and a cluster of differentiation molecule 11b (CD11b)) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HIP), amygdala (AMY), and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results: Mice exposed to both physical stress and isolated rearing condition exhibited the highest levels of anxiety, social fear, and microglial CD11b expression in the NAc. In terms of social support, pair-housing with siblings ameliorated social fear and NAc molecular changes in ES mice, but not in PS mice. The reason for the differential benefit from social support was attributed to the fact that ES mice exhibited more active and less passive social strategies in social environment compared to PS mice. Further, the levels of stress-induced social fear were positively associated with the expression of microglial CD11b in the NAc. Conclusion: These findings offer extensive evidence regarding the intricate effects of multiple social factors on social anxiety and immune alteration in the NAc of adolescent mice. Additionally, they suggest potential behavioral and immune intervention strategies for anxiety-related disorders in adolescents
User perception of animation fluency: The effect of time duration in different phases of animated transitions during application usage
No full textAnimation fluency is an important factor of user experience in smartphone applications. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of time duration in different sections of application usage on users' perceived fluency. We manipulated the duration of different phases, including the click -response delay (CD), duration of animation (DA), and duration of loading completion (DL), in an open app task and an in -app page switching task. The participants evaluated the perceived fluency during their smartphone use. The results showed that the CD and DL had a significant effect on perceived fluency and that the CD, DA and DL showed significant interactions in some situations. These results could supply detailed parameters for smartphone design and could be used to build a model to guide manufacturers to provide a better user experience
Impact of relative and absolute values on orienting attention in time
No full textReward has been known to render the reward-associated stimulus more salient to block effective attentional orienting in space. However, whether and how reward influences goal-directed attention in time remains unclear. Here, we used a modified attentional cueing paradigm to explore the effect of reward on temporal attention, in which the valid targets were given a low monetary reward and invalid targets were given a high monetary reward. The results showed that the temporal cue validity effect was significantly smaller when the competitive reward structure was employed (Experiment 1), and we ruled out the possibility that the results were due to the practice effect (Experiment 2a) or a reward-promoting effect (Experiment 2b). When further strengthening the intensity of the reward from 1:10 to 1:100 (Experiment 3), we found a similar pattern of results to those in Experiment 1. These results suggest that reward information which was based on relative instead of absolute values can weaken, but not reverse, the orienting attention in time
Chronic Sacral Nerve Stimulation Inhibits Visceral Hypersensitivity in Diarrhea- Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats Model
No full textObjective: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is emerging as a novel treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, its effects are limited, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Materials and Methods: In this study, rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 rats per group): 1) the SNS group; 2) the sham SNS group (the sham group for short); and 3) the control group. The SNS and sham groups were exposed to chronic and acute stress to establish an IBS model. Electrode implantation surgery was performed in rats with the IBS model. The SNS group received electrical stimulation for 30 minutes every day for seven days. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) was used to evaluate the effect of SNS on visceral sensitivity in diarrhea -predominant IBS (IBS -D) rats. The frequency domain of heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed to assess the effect of SNS on regulating the autonomic function. The expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the colon, spinal cord, and hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry to explore the mechanism of SNS in IBS -D rats. Results: Compared with the sham group, AWR scores were significantly decreased under different gas volumes of stimulation of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ml for rectal distention in the SNS group (all p 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the frequency domain indexes of HRV were significantly altered. Normalized low -frequency power and low frequency -to -high frequency ratio were significantly decreased, and normalized high -frequency power was significantly increased in the SNS group (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of TRPV1 in the spinal cord and colon in the SNS group was significantly decreased compared with the sham group (both p < 0.05). These results suggested that chronic SNS not only improved the visceral sensitivity and autonomic dysfunction but also decreased the expression of TRPV1 in the spinal cord -gut tissue in IBS -D rats. Conclusion: Chronic SNS was found to have an inhibitory effect on visceral hypersensitivity in IBS -D rats, providing experimental evidence for its potential clinical application in IBS
A Study on Work Family Conflict Among Chinese Urban Workplace Parents
No full text在中国“三胎”、“双减”宏观政策，“后疫情”社会经济环境，“陪伴伦理” 的家庭文化新背景下，比较分析职场父亲和母亲同时兼顾工作和家庭领域，工作投入和教养投入的关系，以及引发的工作-家庭冲突，和家庭-工作冲突的不同境况。通过线上向全国有 3-18 岁子女的城市职场父母回收有效问卷 455 份，使用工作家庭冲突量表、工作投入量表、教养投入问卷和自编背景信息问卷进行问卷调查，通过 SPSS 相关分析、多元方差分析、回归分析，对不同性别员工的工作领域和家庭领域特征进行分析。研究发现：
1）工作投入和教养投入正相关，与工作家庭溢出理论的研究结论相符，表明个体在工作领域和家庭领域的行为模式、价值感、经验习惯等会相互影响；
2）职场母亲教养投入总体显著高于职场父亲，教养投入的三个子维度“教养互动性”、“教养可及性”、“教养责任性”均显著高于职场父亲，传统文化观念影响下，相较于父亲，职场母亲依旧承担更多的教养职能；
3）职场父亲工作投入与职场母亲相比总体差异不大，其中三个子维度“工作活力”、“工作奉献”、“工作专注”均与职场母亲无明显差异，这与传统文化认知中，父亲的工作投入往往高于母亲的情况，出现了新的变化；
4）工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突未表现出明显的性别差异，本研究并未发现父亲会因更多顾及工作而对家庭领域产生影响，也未发现母亲因承担更多教养角色而对工作领域产生影响；
5）教养投入与家庭-工作冲突关系感知上有性别差异，相比父亲，职场母亲虽然教养投入较高，但并未感知更强的家庭-工作冲突；相反，职场父亲更容易因教养投入增加，感知到较强的家庭-工作冲突；
6）工作投入与工作-家庭冲突关系感知上有性别差异，相比父亲，职场母亲随着工作投入的提升，并未感知更强的工作-家庭冲突；相反，职场父亲则因工作投入增加，更易感知到更强的工作-家庭冲突。
社会经济文化转型情景下的中国城市家庭，面临性别平等意识提高的社会文化趋势、家庭经济职能角色的新变化、以及对子女养育质量的重视等综合因素影响，职场父亲和母亲同样面对兼顾工作和家庭领域职能的压力。中国城市职场母亲在承担着较高对子女教养职能的传统角色的同时，在工作领域的投入亦不输于父亲，相较于父亲，能更好地处理应对两者之间的冲突矛盾，“新母职”渐入佳境；而职场父亲随着对家庭职能教养投入的增加，以及现状中需要同时兼顾工作领域的需求，表现出还未能较好地应对工作家庭冲突压力的状况，需要更多关注和支持，以帮助“新父职”职能更好地实践落地。</p
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