Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Edge-centric connectome-genetic markers of bridging factor to comorbidity between depression and anxiety
No full textDepression-anxiety comorbidity is commonly attributed to the occurrence of specific symptoms bridging the two disorders. However, the significant heterogeneity of most bridging symptoms presents challenges for psychopathological interpretation and clinical applicability. Here, we conceptually established a common bridging factor (cb factor) to characterize a general structure of these bridging symptoms, analogous to the general psychopathological p factor. We identified a cb factor from 12 bridging symptoms in depression-anxiety comorbidity network. Moreover, this cb factor could be predicted using edge-centric connectomes with robust generalizability, and was characterized by connectome patterns in attention and frontoparietal networks. In an independent twin cohort, we found that these patterns were moderately heritable, and identified their genetic connectome-transcriptional markers that were associated with the neurobiological enrichment of vasculature and cerebellar development, particularly during late-childhood-to-young-adulthood periods. Our findings revealed a general factor of bridging symptoms and its neurobiological architectures, which enriched neurogenetic understanding of depression-anxiety comorbidity.</p
The neurophysiological mechanisms of medial prefrontal-perirhinal cortex circuit mediating temporal order memory decline in early stage of AD rats
No full textThe temporal component of episodic memory has been recognized as a sensitive behavioral marker in early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, parallel studies in AD animals are currently lacking, and the underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using a novel AppNL-G-F knock-in (APP-KI) rat model, the developmental changes of temporal order memory (TOM) and the relationship with medial prefrontal cortex and perirhinal cortex (mPFC-PRH) circuit were determined through in vivo electrophysiology and microimaging technique. We observed a deficit in TOM performance during the object temporal order memory task (OTOMT) in APP-KI rats at 6 month old, which was not evident at 3 or 4 months of age. Alongside behavioral changes, we identified a gradually extensive and aggravated regional activation and functional alterations in the mPFC and PRH during the performance of OTOMT, which occurred prior to the onset of TOM deficits. Moreover, coherence analysis showed that the functional connectivity between the mPFC and PRH could predict the extent of future behavioral performance. Further analysis revealed that the aberrant mPFC-PRH interaction mainly attributed to the progressive deterioration of synaptic transmission, information flow and network coordination from mPFC to PRH, suggesting the mPFC dysfunction maybe the key area of origin underlying the early changes of TOM. These findings identify a pivotal role of the mPFC-PRH circuit in mediating the TOM deficits in the early stage of AD, which holds promising clinical translational value and offers potential early biological markers for predicting AD memory progression
The effects of self-deception and egoistic-altruistic motivations on deceptive behavior
No full textAlthough researchers have suggested that self-deception may facilitate unethical behavior, it remains unclear whether self-deception promotes deceptive behavior. Moreover, self-deceiving individuals may engage in deceptive behavior not only out of self-interest, but sometimes also to help others; little is known about whether egoistic-altruistic motivations modulate the effect of self-deception on deceptive behavior. This study adopted the Spot-The-Difference task to investigate the impact of self-deception on deceptive behavior (Experiment 1) and to further explore the effects of self-deception and egoistic-altruistic motivations on deceptive behavior (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that the group primed for self-deception exhibited more deceptive behavior than the control group. Experiment 2 also showed that the group primed for self-deception exhibited more deceptive behavior than the control group. Moreover, participants exhibited more deceptive behavior under egoistic motivation than under altruistic motivation. Furthermore, a crucial interaction between self-deception and egoistic-altruistic motivations was observed. Under egoistic motivation, deceptive behavior did not differ significantly between the self-deception group and the control group; however, under altruistic motivation, the self-deception group engaged in significantly more deceptive behavior than the control group. These findings suggested that self-deception promoted deceptive behavior. In addition, egoistic-altruistic motivations modulated the effect of self-deception on deceptive behavior.</p
LLM Plus Machine Learning Outperform Expert Rating to Predict Life Satisfaction From Self-Statement Text
No full textThis study explores an innovative approach to predicting individual life satisfaction by combining large language models (LLMs) with machine learning (ML) techniques. Traditional life satisfaction assessments rely on self-report questionnaires, which can be time-consuming and resource intensive. To address these limitations, we developed a method that utilizes LLMs for feature extraction from open-ended self-statement texts, followed by ML prediction. We compared this approach with standalone LLM predictions and expert ratings. A sample of 378 participants completed the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and wrote self-statements about their current life situation. The LLM-based ML model, using a LightGBM regressor, achieved a correlation of 0.542 with self-reported SWLS scores, outperforming both the standalone LLM (r = 0.491) and expert ratings (r = 0.455). Effect size analysis revealed a statistically significant moderate effect size difference between the LLM-based ML model and expert ratings (Cohen's d = 0.499, 95% CI [0.043, 0.955]). These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating LLM and ML for an efficient and accurate assessment of life satisfaction, challenging conventional methods, and opening new avenues for psychological measurement. The study's implications extend to research, clinical practice, and policymaking, offering promising advancements in AI-assisted psychological assessment
Revealing the distinct impacts of effectiveness recognition and memory retention on the transfer of creative cognitive reappraisal
No full textPrevious research has shown that creative cognitive reappraisal is highly effective in regulating negative emotions. We conducted three experiments to explore its transferability. In Experiment 1, we observed that free recall performance was better for creative reappraisal compared to non-creative reappraisal. Memory retention of reappraisals was associated with creativity ratings, but not with perceived effectiveness ratings. In Experiment 2, participants generated reappraisals for newly introduced unpleasant images before (pre-session) and after (post-session) exposure to creative reappraisal, non-creative reappraisal, and descriptive control interpretation. Results showed increased reflective effectiveness of self-generated reappraisals in the post-session. The level of creativity of the self-generated reappraisals was associated with differences in perceived effectiveness between creative and non-creative exposed reappraisals. In Experiment 3, we investigated how two processing approaches (effectiveness-oriented vs. memory-oriented) influenced the transferability of creative reappraisal. We observed creativity levels of self-generated reappraisals increased in both conditions. The reflective effectiveness of the self-generated reappraisals tended to increase only in the effectiveness-oriented processing condition. Our findings demonstrate that recognising the effectiveness of creative reappraisal plays a crucial role in its transfer across different situations
Relationship between positive grandparenting styles and adolescent prosocial behavior: A moderated mediation model
No full textInresponse to China's accelerated aging and revised birth policies, families are increasing choosing intergenerational caregiving owing to the value placed on kinship and also because of practicality. Using a cross-sectional survey of 1,289 participants, we explored the relationship between positive grandparenting styles and adolescent prosocial behavior, and further examined the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of peer relationships. Findings revealed that positive grandparenting was positively and significantly associated with adolescent prosocial behavior. Further, psychological resilience mediated this link, and peer relationships positively moderated the effect of positive grandparenting on adolescent psychological resilience, consequently amplifying this effect. Inaddition, stronger peer relationships augmented the indirect effect of positive grandparenting on prosocial behavior via psychological resilience. Our study enhances understanding of how grandparenting style may impact adolescent behavior and offers valuable insight into family upbringing practices within the Chinese societal context
Relationship between personality and music preference: Psychometric adaptation of the music preference scales in a Chinese sample
No full textIndividuals evidently have different tastes in and preferences for music. The purpose of this study was to develop two scales for measuring music preference based on genres (text-based) and excerpts (clip-based), using a Chinese sample to explore the relationship between music preference and personality. Specifically, we collected measures of people's self-reported preferences for a wide range of music genres for further analysis in Study 1. In Study 2, we developed two music preference scales based on the genres identified in Study 1, one text- and the other clip-based. The results of two principal component analyses suggest three-dimensional psychological structures of music preference using both versions of the scale: (1) Traditional and Retro, (2) Exotic and Complex, and (3) Intense and Rebellious. Correlation and regression analyses of music preferences and personality also indicated that music preference is a relatively stable construct that reflects personality traits. Moreover, the three factors identified from the results of studying music preferences in a Chinese sample differ from those identified in studies of music preference in Western countries, suggesting that music preference is influenced by culture. The two scales yielded similar but slightly different outcomes reflecting their discrete emphases and characteristics; they can be used separately or together, depending on the research topic and question. In this study we verified the structure of music preference among a Chinese sample. It provides a reference point for theoretical research on music preference and personality and has practical applications
Navigating digital landscapes: The psychological interplay of media, mindfulness, and youth behaviour
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The Challenge-Hindrance-Threat Appraisal Framework and the Differential Effects on Employees' Work Well-Being and Behaviors
No full textConsidering the current economic and employment landscape, marked by high levels of uncertainty and challenges, this study introduces the challenge-hindrance-threat appraisal (CHTA) framework to examine workplace stress, with a particular focus on the often-overlooked role of threat appraisal. Across three studies using independent samples and multi-wave survey data, our research provides evidence supporting the CHTA framework and reveals the differential effects of three types of stress appraisals on the work-related well-being and behaviors of individuals. Specifically, Study 1 establishes the three-factor structure of CHTA, confirming its robust psychometric properties in each appraisal dimension. Study 2 demonstrates that threat appraisals offer unique insights into stress-related outcomes, beyond challenge and hindrance appraisals. Study 3 reveals that challenge appraisals foster learning behavior through enhancing work engagement and reduce turnover intentions through alleviating emotional exhaustion. Conversely, threat appraisals escalate turnover intentions through intensifying emotional exhaustion. Interestingly, hindrance appraisals exhibit no significant effect on either work engagement or emotional exhaustion, precluding any indirect influence on learning behavior or turnover intentions. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of differentiating between the three types of cognitive appraisals of stress-namely, challenge, hindrance, and threat appraisals-in stress management in order to enhance employee well-being and organizational effectiveness
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