Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Will the Dark Triad Engender Psychopathological Symptoms or Vice Versa? A Three-Wave Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis
No full textIntroduction: The Dark Triad (DT), including narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, represents the dark side of human nature and has been related to psychopathological symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress). However, little is known about how the two constructs are related longitudinally. To fill this gap and to clarify the directionality between them, we conducted a longitudinal study. Methods: We measured DT traits and psychopathological symptoms in a large sample of university students (N-T1 = 1815) annually for 3 years. We implemented random intercept cross-lagged panel models in analysis. Results: Narcissism and psychopathological symptoms showed a reciprocal relationship at the within-person level: greater narcissism preceded a decline in psychopathological symptoms, while more severe symptoms preceded a decrease in narcissism. Within the same individual, increases in the DT, particularly psychopathy and Machiavellianism, were linked to concurrent escalations in the symptoms. Additionally, all DT traits were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms as stable differences between individuals. Conclusions: This study constitutes an important step in clarifying the directionality between the DT and psychopathological symptoms, and advances our understanding of the interplay between these two constructs at both the between-person and within-person levels
Competition Between Parts and Whole: A New Approach to Chinese Compound Word Processing
No full textHow compound words are processed remains a central question in research on Chinese reading. The Chinese reading model assumes that all possible words sharing characters are activated during word processing and these activated words compete for a winner (Li & Pollatsek, 2020). The present studies aimed to examine whether embedded component words compete with whole compound words in Chinese reading. In Study 1, we analyzed two existing lexical decision databases and revealed inhibitory effects of component-word frequency and facilitative effects of character frequency on the first components. In Study 2, we conducted two factorial experiments to further examine the effects of first component-word frequency, with character frequencies controlled. The results consistently indicated significant inhibitory effects of component-word frequency. Collectively, these findings support the theoretical proposition that both component words and compound words are activated and engage in competition during word processing. This provides a new approach to compound word processing in Chinese reading and a possible solution to mixed results of character frequency effects reported in the literature
The impact of interpersonal relationships on adolescent students' cooperation skills: evidence from SSES 2019 China survey
No full textCooperation skills are fundamental for student development. To enhance these skills effectively, understanding their influencing factors is essential. Drawing on data from the Survey on Social and Emotional Skills (SSES) 2019 China Suzhou Survey, this study examines how interpersonal relationships influence adolescent students' cooperation skills. It was found that the father-child relationship, mother-child relationship, classmate relationship, teacher-student relationship, and neighborhood relationship all positively affected adolescent students' cooperation skills, after controlling students' gender and family's socio-economic status. Notably, relationships with classmates emerge as the most significant contributors to students' cooperation skills, demonstrating significant interaction effects with mother-child relationship, father-child relationship, teacher-student relationship, and neighbourhood relationship. The discussion and application of the findings enhance the cultivation of students' cooperation skills effectively, thereby equipping students with essential capabilities for success in the 21st century
The Impression Management Consequences of Hiding Effort Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Authenticity
No full textHiding effort has become prevalent among adolescents; however, whether this behavior benefits or harms their social impression remains unclear. The study explored whether hiding effort is an effective impression management strategy to obtain high popularity, likeability, interpersonal trust, and cooperation intention from peers. Using hypothetical scenarios, Study 1 (N = 243) found that hiding effort led to lower popularity, likeability, interpersonal trust, and cooperation intention among adolescents. Study 2 (N = 176) replicated the findings of Study 1 and found that the hiding-effort adolescents did not realize these negative consequences. Furthermore, Study 2 revealed that authenticity mediated the effect of hiding effort on popularity, likeability, interpersonal trust, and cooperation intention. The findings provided theoretical and practical implications for educators and adolescents. Educators should foster environments where effort and authenticity are rewarded. Adolescents should understand the cost of hiding efforts from peers
Brain imaging of a gamified cognitive flexibility task in young and older adults
No full textThe study aimed to develop and validate a gamified cognitive flexibility task through brain imaging, and to investigate behavioral and brain activation differences between young and older adults during task performance. Thirty-one young adults (aged 18-35) and 31 older adults (aged 60-80) were included in the present study. All participants underwent fMRI scans while completing the gamified cognitive flexibility task. Results showed that young adults outperformed older adults on the task. The left inferior frontal junction (IFJ), a key region of cognitive flexibility, was significantly activated during the task in both older and young adults. Comparatively, the percent signal change in the left IFJ was stronger in older adults than in young adults. Moreover, older adults demonstrated more precise representations during the task in the left IFJ. Additionally, the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior parietal lobule in older adults and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and inferior frontal gyrus in young adults were also activated during the task. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed significant functional connectivity between the left IFJ and the left IPL, as well as the right precuneus in older adults. In young adults, significant functional connectivity was found between the left IFJ and the left MFG, as well as the right angular. The current study provides preliminary evidence for the validity of the gamified cognitive flexibility task through brain imaging. The findings suggest that this task could serve as a reliable tool for assessing cognitive flexibility and for exploring age-related differences of cognitive flexibility in both brain and behavior
Psychological Factors Promote the Habituation Effect on Social Workers' Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Repeated COVID-19 Outbreaks
No full textObjective: The present study investigates whether psychological factors influence the habituation or sensitization effect during repeated COVID-19 outbreaks. Method: A total of 838 social workers from districts affected by different waves of COVID-19 outbreaks (two waves, n = 387; one wave, n = 177; zero waves, n = 274) reported their posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, psychological security, emotional regulation, resilience, spiritual health, and social support (December 2021). Results: The rate of PTSD among social workers stands at 34% (cutoff point 38). Social workers developed a habituation response amid the ongoing pandemic, with individuals who encountered a higher number of COVID-19 outbreaks exhibiting fewer symptoms of PTSD (F = 3.04, p < .05, eta(2) = 0.007). Social workers who experienced two outbreaks had significantly lower PTSD symptoms than those who did not experience any (p = .018, 95% CI [0.431, 4.635]). A bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis indicates that psychological security (indirect effect: beta = -0.590, 95% CI [-0.989, -0.192]) and emotional regulation (indirect effect: beta = -0.474, 95% CI [-0.899, -0.069]) completely mediate the association between outbreaks of COVID-19 and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The incidence of PTSD symptoms was high in social workers. Chinese social workers underwent a habituation effect after repeated outbreaks of COVID-19. Improving psychological security and emotional regulation can reduce PTSD symptoms due to the repeated outbreak of COVID-19 among the public
The relationship between parental autonomy support and adolescents' academic achievement in mathematics-the mediating role of the need for cognition and mathematics metacognition
No full textThis study aimed to explore the relationship between parental autonomy support and adolescents' academic performance in mathematics and to examine the mediating roles of the need for cognition and mathematical metacognition in this relationship. A total of 1,268 secondary school students from Grades 7 to 10 completed the survey questionnaires. The findings revealed two key points: (1) there was a small but significant positive correlation between parental autonomy support and mathematics academic achievement across the entire sample (r = 0.09, p < 0.01), with the correlation being highest in Grade 9 (r = 0.19, p < 0.01); and (2) parental autonomy support influenced academic achievement in mathematics through the mediation of the need for cognition and mathematical metacognition, with a total effect size of 0.13
Mismatch responses of basic auditory temporal processing: early predictive biomarkers of Chinese Reading
No full textThe study aimed to explore whether neurophysiological measures of auditory processing in preschoolers can predict Chinese reading after going to school. Mismatch responses (MMRs) to auditory frequency, duration, and temporal pattern deviants were examined in 24 Chinese preschoolers (6.59 +/- 0.25 years old). Reading abilities were tracked in Grades 2 (8.09 +/- 0.29 years old) and 4 (9.65 +/- 0.28 years old). We found that temporal pattern MMRs in preschoolers continuously contributed to Chinese reading fluency in Grades 2 and 4. However, MMRs to frequency or duration deviants did not predict their reading abilities in Grades 2 or 4. These findings suggest that MMRs of basic auditory temporal processing in preliterate children can serve as predictive biomarkers for future Chinese reading acquisition, thus holding promise for identifying Chinese children at risk of dyslexia before formal school education and further guiding early intervention to support their reading development
Gut microbiota and healthy longevity
No full textRecent progress on the underlying biological mechanisms of healthy longevity has propelled the field from elucidating genetic modification of healthy longevity hallmarks to defining mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing it. Importantly, the role of gut microbiota in the healthy longevity of the host may provide unprecedented opportunities to decipher the plasticity of lifespan on a natural evolutionary scale and shed light on using microbiota-targeted strategies to promote healthy aging and combat age-related diseases. This review investigates how gut microbiota affects healthy longevity, focusing on the mechanisms through which gut microbiota modulates it. Specifically, we focused on the ability of gut microbiota to enhance the intestinal barrier integrity, provide protection from inflammaging, ameliorate nutrientsensing pathways, optimize mitochondrial function, and improve defense against age-related diseases, thus participating in enhancing longevity and healthspan
Associations between Unsociability and Peer Problems in Chinese Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
No full textResearch has shown that unsociability, reflected as a personal choice, is not necessarily associated with socio-emotional problems in Western countries. However, the associations between unsociability and peer problems are consistently evident in Chinese culture, yet the strength and direction in these associations are mixed. The present study aimed to examine whether unsociability is associated with peer problems and explored the potential moderators among the associations. A meta-analysis was conducted using publications that measured unsociability and peer problems. A total of 21 articles involving 43 effect sizes from 12,696 Chinese children and adolescents were included. The results revealed that (1) unsociability was positively associated with peer problems (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) among children and adolescents. (2) Informants (i.e., self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, and parent ratings) and living areas (i.e., urban, suburban, and rural areas) significantly moderated the associations between unsociability and peer problems. Specifically, the associations were stronger for peer-nominated unsociability, self-reported peer problems, and samples in suburban areas. These findings shed light on unsociability linked to higher levels of peer problems among Chinese children and adolescents. Still, the influences are unique to peer problems and moderated by both data sources and environmental factors
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