Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Does wealth equate to happiness? an 11-year panel data analysis exploring socio-economic indicators and social media metrics
No full textThe Easterlin paradox questions the link between economic growth and national well-being, emphasizing the necessity to explore the impact of economic elasticity, income inequality, and their temporal and spatial heterogeneity on subjective happiness. Despite the importance of these factors, few studies have examined them together, thus ongoing debates about the impact of economics on well-being persist. To fill this gap, our analysis utilizes 11 years of panel data from 31 provinces in China, integrating macroeconomic indicators and social media content to reassess the Easterlin paradox. We use GDP per capita and the Gini coefficient as proxies for economic growth and income inequality, respectively, to study their effects on the subjective well-being expressed by citizens on social media in mainland China. Our approach combines machine learning and fixed effects models to evaluate these relationships. Key findings include: (1) In temporal relationships, a 46.70% increase in GDP per capita implies a 0.38 increase in subjective well-being, while a 0.09 increase in the Gini coefficient means a 1.47 decrease in subjective well-being. (2) In spatial relationships, for every 46.70% increase in GDP per capita, subjective well-being rises by 0.51; however, this relationship is buffered by unfair distribution, and GDP per capita no longer significantly affects subjective well-being when the Gini index exceeds 0.609. This study makes a synthetic contribution to the debate on the Easterlin paradox, indicating that economic growth can enhance well-being if income inequality is kept below a certain level. Although these results are theoretically enlightening for the relationship between economics and national well-being globally, this study's sample comes from mainland China. Due to differences in cultural, economic, and political factors, further research is suggested to explore these dynamics globally
Effects of Adolescent Empathy on Emotional Resilience: The Mediating Role of Depression and Self-Efficacy and the Moderating Effect of Social Activities
No full textBackground: This study aims to investigate the role of empathy in fostering emotional resilience and the impact of social activity on adolescents' mental health. Methods: A survey was conducted on 1666 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 across seven cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, etc. Results: Empathy is significantly positively related to emotional resilience (beta = 0.128; p < 0.001). Moreover, depression acts as a mediator between empathy and emotional resilience (ab = 0.106, SE = 0.021, 95% confidence interval [0.065, 0.146]), while self-efficacy plays an incomplete mediating role (ab = 0.286, SE = 0.020, and a 95% confidence interval of [0.246, 0.326]). Additionally, social activity was able to modulate the relationship between empathy and depression (beta = 0.004; p < 0.001), as well as the relationship between empathy and self-efficacy (beta = 0.003; p < 0.001). Conclusion: For adolescents, (1) greater emotional resilience is associated with higher levels of empathy; (2) improving empathy can indirectly enhance their emotional resilience by reducing their depression level; (3) the relationship between empathy ability and depression is modulated by social activity, and the predictive effect of empathy on depression is reduced when adolescents have high social activity levels; and (4) the relationship between empathy and self-efficacy is also modulated by social activity, and the predictive effect of empathy on self-efficacy is enhanced when adolescents have higher levels of social activity
A longitudinal study on the impact of high-altitude hypoxia on perceptual processes
No full textThis study aimed to explore the neural mechanisms underlying high-altitude (HA) adaptation and deadaptation in perceptual processes in lowlanders. Eighteen healthy lowlanders were administered a facial S1-S2 matching task that included incomplete face (S1) and complete face (S2) photographs combined with ERP technology. Participants were tested at four time points: shortly before they departed the HA (Test 1), twenty-five days after entering the HA (Test 2), and one week (Test 3) and one month (Test 4) after returning to the lowlands. Compared with those at sea level (SL), shorter reaction times (RTs), shorter latencies of P1 and N170, and larger amplitudes of complete face N170 were found in HAs. After returning to SL, compared with that of HA, the amplitude of the incomplete face P1 was smaller after one week, and the complete face was smaller after one month. The right hemisphere N170 amplitude was greater after entering HA and one week after returning to SL than at baseline, but it returned to baseline after one month. Taken together, the current findings suggest that HA adaptation increases visual cortex excitation to accelerate perceptual processing. More mental resources are recruited during the configural encoding stage of complete faces after HA exposure. The perceptual processes affected by HA exposure are reversible after returning to SL, but the low-level processing stage differs between incomplete and complete faces due to neural compensation mechanisms. The configural encoding stage in the right hemisphere is affected by HA exposure and requires more than one week but less than one month to recover to baseline.
We demonstrated that high-altitude adaptation accompanies increased occipital lobe excitation, and more neural resources are recruited during the configural encoding stage. Moreover, this change is reversible after returning to the lowlands, and the neural compensation mechanism exists. It provided new insights for understanding how hypoxia affects nonprefrontal lobe functions
Decreased dynamic variability of the cerebellum in the euthymic patients with bipolar disorder
No full textBackground: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex mental illness characterized by different mood states, including depression, mania/hypomania, and euthymia. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate dynamic changes in intrinsic brain activity by using dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dfALFF) and dynamic degree centrality (dDC) in patients with BD euthymia or depression and healthy individuals. Methods: The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed from 37 euthymic and 28 depressed patients with BD, as well as 85 healthy individuals. Using the sliding-window method, the dfALFF and dDC were calculated for each participant. These values were compared between the 3 groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Additional analyses were conducted using different window lengths, step width, and window type to ensure the reliability of the results. Results: The euthymic group showed significantly lower dfALFF and dDC values of the left and right cerebellum posterior lobe compared with the depressed and control groups (cluster level P-FWE Conclusions: These findings suggested that patients with euthymic BD exhibit less flexibility of temporal functional activities in the cerebellum posterior lobes compared to either depressed patients or healthy individuals. These results could contribute to the development of neuropathological models of BD, ultimately leading to improved diagnosis and treatment of this complex illness
Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
No full textWhen someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions
Shared atypical spontaneous brain activity pattern in early onset schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: evidence from cortical surface-based analysis(Mar , 10.1007/s00787-023-02333-2, 2024)
No full textPhysical Fitness, Physical Activity and White Matter Development in Children Aged 6 to 12 Years
No full text白质作为连接神经元的重要组织，是大脑中神经信号的主要传导者，与个体的心理与行为发展有着密切关系。儿童青少年处于大脑可塑性发展的重要时期，体能水平已被广泛证实能够有效地优化大脑的灰质结构和功能发育，进而对个体的认知和行为产生积极的促进作用，但体能与大脑白质之间的关联研究尚为缺乏。此外，身体活动作为个体差异的重要因素，其在大脑白质发育过程中所起的潜在作用，也还未见报道。本研究基于“彩巢计划—成长在中国”儿童青少年数据库，采用弥散张量成像技术，系统考察 6-12 岁儿童体能水平与大脑白质发育之间的关联，深入探究其身体活动在二者关系中的关键性作用。
研究一对 127 名年龄在 6 至 12 岁之间的健康儿童，利用弥散张量成像 （Diffusion Tensor Imaging, DTI）技术和基于全脑图谱的分析方法，考察了他们大脑白质随年龄变化的特征。结果显示，随着年龄的增长，白质的各向异性分数（fractional anisotropy, FA）值呈现出显著的上升趋势，平均扩散率(mean diffusivity, MD)、轴向扩散率（axial diffusivity, AD）、径向扩散率（radial diffusivity, RD）则相应下降。这种年龄相关的发展轨迹在不同脑区之间表现出差异性。研究二根据中国学生标准化体质评估方案采集了有氧体适能、上肢力量和下肢力量三项体能指标数据，结果显示，体能指标与大脑多个脑区白质参数存在显著相关，其中与下肢力量相关的脑区分布最为广泛。有氧体适能与小脑上脚的 FA、MD、AD、RD 均表现出显著的相关性；上肢、下肢力量分别与右侧皮质脊髓束 FA、RD 以 及大脑脚 FA、MD、RD 呈显著相关。研究三采用《体育活动等级量表》评估儿童的身体活动量，通过调节效应分析发现，身体活动量作为体能与大脑白质之间的调节变量作用显著。
以上研究结果表明，6-12 岁儿童处于大脑可塑性的关键阶段，大脑白质随年龄增长呈现出快速发展的特点。体能作为影响个体差异的重要因素，与大脑白质发育之间存在显著的关联。身体活动量，作为一个可调控的外部环境因素，在体能与大脑白质之间起到调节作用，同样影响着大脑发育。这些研究结果一方面为身体活动影响儿童大脑白质发育提供了确凿的科学证据，另一方面对教育实践和政策制定具有现实的启示意义
The Impact of Peer Support on Emotional Adaptation among Freshmen—The Longitudinal Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs
No full text随着高校学生面临的学业压力和社交压力不断增加，大学生心理健康问题已成为当前教育领域的一个重要关注点。已有研究表明，在我国高校学生中，存在退缩、孤独、焦虑、抑郁等多种情感适应障碍，已成为影响他们学习与生活的重要因素。而大学一年级是大学生的关键过渡时期，在这一时期，他们必须要转变角色，适应整个大学生活。然而，当前较少有研究将视角聚焦于大学一年级学生， 探讨其情绪适应问题，且以往有关同伴支持对大学生情绪适应的研究多采用横断研究设计，无法考察其对情绪适应的长期影响。本研究为弥补上述研究的不足，采用横向设计与纵向设计结合的方式，探讨同伴支持如何以及在何种条件下影响 大一学生的情绪适应，以及基本心理需要在同伴支持和大一学生情绪适应中的中介作用。
研究一采用横断研究设计，使用对大学生更有针对性和适配性的同伴支持问 卷、中国大学生适应量表情绪适应分量表、基本心理需要量表，对四川省成都市2 所办学层次接近的公办全日制普通高等院校的大一学生进行问卷调查，考察大一学生感知到的同伴支持与其情绪适应的相互作用，以及基本心理需要在同伴支持与情绪适应之间的中介作用；研究二采用纵向追踪的方法，间隔 6 个月后（T1和 T2 代表两个时间段）再次对四川省成都市该 2 所大学一年级学生进行追踪调查，有效被试 597 人，进一步检验基本心理需要在同伴支持和情绪适应之间的纵向中介作用。
研究一结果如下：（1）同伴支持、基本心理需要与情绪适应在人口学变量的是否独生，是否有留守经历和成长地上存在统计学差异；（2）同伴支持、基本心理需要、情绪适应之间显著正相关；（3）同伴支持与基本心理需要对情绪适应存在显著预测作用；（4）基本心理需要在同伴支持与情绪适应中存在中介效应。研究二结果如下：（1）同伴支持、基本心理需要、情绪适应的相关性表现出跨时间的稳定性；（2）交叉滞后模型发现，T1 同伴支持通过 T2 基本心理需要对 T2 情绪适应有预测作用，同伴支持与情绪适应之间存在纵向因果关系； （3）结构方程模型分析发现，T2 基本心理需要在 T1 同伴支持与 T2 情绪适应的关系中起纵向中介作用。
依据以上研究结果，本文主要结论及意义如下：基本心理需要在大一学生同伴支持与情绪适应之间起纵向中介作用，并在一定程度上揭示了同伴支持影响大一学生情绪适应的作用机制，为丰富有关情绪适应的实证研究提供了新的视角。明确了营造同伴支持的氛围，满足学生的基本心理需要有助于提高大一学生情绪适应的水平，对未来大学生心理健康教育具有一定的现实指导意义。</p
Research on Anxiety Recognition Technology Based on Speech Features
No full text根据 2023 年发布的《中国国民心理健康发展报告（2021-2022）》，国内有 15.8%的人口面临焦虑风险。长期处于焦虑状态显著降低了人们的生活质量，具体表现在精神健康总分、生理健康总分以及健康效用评分均明显低于非焦虑群体。因此，焦虑的早期识别与干预对于心理健康服务至关重要。然而，传统的焦虑识别方法依赖于患者的自我报告和专业医生的诊断，成本高、难以满足大规模早期筛查的需求，研发高效便捷的焦虑识别技术对于推动智能化心理健康服务事业发展具有重要意义。
语音是人类生存和社会活动极其重要的信息传递和情感表达交流最自然的方式之一，是一种非常常见且容易获得的行为数据。近年来，随着机器学习技术的发展，语音情绪识别技术已经取得了显著进展，并在抑郁等心理健康问题的辅助识别中展现出巨大潜力。针对焦虑的识别，研究多聚焦于声学特征与焦虑情绪的相关性分析。现有基于语音的焦虑识别系统，尽管有潜力，但对语音特征的使用不充分，影响识别效果。且无论是声学特征还是深度学习特征，在单一使用时均难以充分表达语音中丰富的情感信息。针对上述问题，本研究深入探讨了能够准确反映个体焦虑状态的多维度语音特征提取技术，目标是开发一种基于机器学 习的自动化焦虑测量方法，这种方法能够高效、准确地评估个体的焦虑状态。主要研究内容如下：
研究一深入分析语音的声学特征与焦虑的相关性，同时从生理学、心理学、神经生物学等角度通过大量的文献考证语音特征和焦虑之间的联系，及其在相关性上的性别差异。通过这种多角度、多层次的综合分析，我们期望能够为理解焦虑情绪的声学表现提供更为丰富和细致的视角。研究结果表明，不同焦虑水平的个体在语音特征上呈现出显著差异，这为后续的模型构建提供了关键的特征支持。
研究二基于声学特征建立焦虑识别机器学习模型，将样本群体的焦虑量表得分作为因变量，声学特征作为自变量。首先利用特征选择和降维技术，筛选出对焦虑识别最有贡献的特征子集，进而探索不同回归算法对焦虑预测准确度的影响，并选择最优的回归器方法，基于声学特征建立自动化识别回归模型。最终实验结果表明，从回归模型的预测效果来看，在整体样本中，预测分数与焦虑量表的实际得分之间的皮尔逊相关系数达到了 0.663，显示出模型具有较高的预测准确性，对应信度指标为 0.658，进一步验证了模型的稳健性和可靠性。而在女性样本中，相关系数更是高达 0.708。实验结果初步验证了基于声学特征建立自动化焦虑识 别模型的可行性。
研究三融合深度学习特征进一步优化焦虑识别机器学习模型，提高了识别精度。具体而言，本研究选取了基于时间延迟神经网络（TDNN）的先进深度学习模型 ECAPA-TDNN，以更好捕捉语音信号中的时序信息。通过将 ECAPA-TDNN
提取的深度学习特征集成到我们的自动化焦虑水平识别模型中，实现了模型性能的显著提升。在整体样本中，预测分值与焦虑量表实际得分的皮尔逊相关系数达到了 0.706，对应信度指标为 0.629。在女性样本群体中，皮尔逊相关系数更是显著提升至 0.759。实验结果证明融合深度学习特征与声学特征建立的焦虑识别机器学习模型整体有较好的识别效果。
本研究通过广泛捕捉语音中的声学特征，结合深度学习特征建立了多维度特征融合的自动化焦虑识别模型，预测值与焦虑量表实际得分之间的皮尔逊相关系数达到 0.706，在女性样本群体中更是提升至 0.759，达到显著相关。分半信度指标为 0.629，显示模型具备稳定性。研究提高了焦虑识别模型的实用价值和准确性，也为心理健康领域的早期干预和高风险行业的作业人员心理监测提供了新的技术支持。</p
Psychological mechanisms by which workplace titles influence employee voice behaviour: a chain mediation model
No full text在亚洲文化中，职场称谓在承担人际沟通功能的同时还具有深厚的权力、地位、权威等象征意义。这些象征意义隐藏在日常交流中，潜移默化地塑造着组织内部的文化氛围。如上级和下级间的权力距离、上级的领导风格和管理方式，都在职场称谓中微妙地体现。恰当的职场称谓推动健康职场关系的形成，促进了开放的沟通渠道，从而提高员工的谏言意愿。员工谏言行为被认为对组织的创新和持久发展具有不可估量的重要价值。
本研究聚焦于职场称谓对谏言行为的作用，并探讨以威权主义、支配-声望、权力距离在其中扮演的角色。为达成研究目的，研究共设计了三个子研究，其中研究一通过问卷调查的方式首先对常见职场称谓的权势与亲密度进行初步探索，以职场称谓的权势差异为自变量构建职场称谓、谏言行为和威权主义、支配-声 望、权力距离的链式中介模型。研究二选取在校大学生作为研究对象。通过实验操纵参与者对不同职场称谓的感知，具体方法为给参与者播放两组典型职场称谓的情境视频，以研究一的结果为基础，选取两组典型职场称谓（权势水平高，亲密度水平低：“姓+职称”、权势水平低，亲密度水平高：“昵称/花名”）分别作为视频情境中的称谓用语。观看视频后完成量表填写。再次验证了职场称谓、谏言行为和威权主义、权力距离、支配、声望的链式中介模型，情境视频的加入使研究结论更具真实性。研究三以研究二的结果为依托，将研究对象扩展到职场员工，整体实验操纵过程与研究二程序一致，在分析量化数据的基础上加以质性访谈探究职场称谓对员工谏言行为作用的深层机制，将严谨的数据分析和生动的个体经验相结合，拓展研究结论的同时提高了结论在更广泛群体中的普适性。
研究结论如下：（1）权势感受水平高、亲密度水平低的职场称谓对员工谏言行为的发生具有抑制作用，影响主要来自于权势感受。（2）职场称谓对以权力距离、威权主义、支配-声望存在影响，与使用以“昵称/花名”为代表的权势差异水平低的职场称谓的组织相比，使用以“姓+职称”为代表的权势感受水平高的职场称谓的组织中权力距离、威权主义、支配水平显著较高，声望水平的差异未达显著水平。（3）权力距离、威权主义、支配三个变量显著影响员工的谏言行为，且作用方向均为负向，并在职场称谓对员工谏言行为的影响中起中介作 用。
职场称谓看似是组织结构中微不足道的细节，但本研究结果证实了其对于激发员工谏言行为的潜在影响。本研究旨在从职场称谓入手，促进员工之间，特别是上级和下级之间的有效沟通。丰富推动员工谏言行为的理论体系，为企业优化人力资源管理提供新思路。</p
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